Scientific English Writing
Section VI
QUIZ I
1,There is a 1-in-17 chance of drawing two successive hearts (红桃 )
in this manner.
2,The varieties of nonferrous (有色的 ) metals are nearly four
times what they were.
3,There are races (种，属 ) between animals large and small.
4,Leprosy does not affect most animals the way it does humans.
5,Aiken’s machine was limited in speed by its use of relays rather
than electronic devices.
6,Familiar to all with but the slightest exposure to scientific
literature,this model shows the atom as a miniature solar
system.
7,The absence of atmosphere in space will allow the space
telescope to show scientists light sources as far as 14-billion light
years away,some seven times farther out than those visible to
the biggest ground-based optical telescope.
变压器是由绕在铁芯上的两个或多个线圈构成
的一种装置。
这本书如果使用得当，对读者是很有帮助的。
若已知时间和速度，我们就能求出距离来。
A transformer is a device consisting of two or
more coils wound on the iron core.
This book,properly used,is of great help to the
reader.
Given time and speed,we can find out distance.
在设计这些集成电路时只考虑一两种用途。
圆心在原点，半径为 a的圆的方程为 x2＋ y2=a2 。
These integrated circuits were designed with
only one or two uses in mind.
The equation to the circle with the center at the
origin and of radius a is x2＋ y2=a2,
SECTION Ⅲ
IV,The gerund
1,The simple gerund
(1) After some verbs used as objects
suggest mind can’t help imagine
finish enjoy resist keep
complete require postpone risk
avoid excuse delay miss
consider forgive put off advise
involve deny admit practice
escape appreciate
(2) the translation of three expressions
by ~ing … through…
on (upon) ~ing… as soon as
soon after
in ~ing… during the time when
in the course of
in the aspect of
通过分析该设备的性能，我们能更好地了解它。
By analyzing the performance of the device,
one can appreciate it better.
物质一经挤压其体积就会缩小。
我们可以通过用丝绸摩擦 (rub)玻璃棒 (glass rod)得到相同的
结果。
We get the same results by rubbing a glass rod
with silk.
在使用上面的等式时，必须注意符号。
In using the equation above,attention must be
paid to the sign.
一旦把这些数值代入该方程后，人们发现无线电波的速度与
光速一样大。
Upon substituting these values into the equation,
it was found that the velocity of radio waves is as
great as that of light.
SECTION IV SUB-CLAUSES
I,The adverbial clause
1,Special translation technique for some
patterns
(1) not…until
该机器直到接收到信号后才工作。
The machine will not work until it receives a signal.
(2) before
Something further must be done to the amplified
signals before they can be sent to the transmitting
antenna.
该物体将继续向前运动一段距离后才停下来。
The body will move on for some distance
before it stops.
The values of most things must be converted
from decimal to binary before computations can
begin.
*** (3) since
Compare:
Great changes have taken place here since he left.
I haven’t heard from him since he lived in Beijing.
Since + past tense of a durative verb
----express a negative meaning
It is three years since he was in the army.
It is a long time since I studied English.
(4) when,while,as
当无线电波沿地球表面传播时，会损失掉一部分能量。
As radio waves travel along the surface of the
earth,part of its energy will be lost.
(5)while
concession,contrast
While this concept is used chiefly in
electricity,the same terms are applicable to
magnetism.
虽然这个概念主要用在电学中，但同样的一些术语
也可用于磁学之中。
At this time the kinetic energy approached
infinity,while the potential energy approaches
the minimum.
水是液体而冰则是固体。
II The appositive clause
several commonly used patterns
1,There is evidence that…
2,There is no doubt that…
3,There is every possibility that…
有证据表明这个式子是成立的。
毫无疑问，那个方程无解。
完全有可能取得理想的结果。
There is evidence that this equation holds.
There is no doubt that there is no solution to that equation.
There is every possibility that satisfactory results will be
obtained.
Ⅲ, Nominal clause
A few special patterns of the what-clause
(1) 我们都熟悉人们所说的电流。
We are all familiar with what is called
the electric current.
Formula:
what is
called
named
termed
described as
known as
referred to
spoken of as
我们所说的机器人只不过是一种特殊的电子设备。
What is called a robot is no more than a special kind
of electronic equipment.
过去人们通常所说的留声机 (phonograph)现在称为
唱机了。
What used to be called a phonograph is now called a
record player.
在 1947年后期，他们发现了后来人们所说的“晶体
管”效应。
Late in 1947,they discovered what was later to be
named the,transistor” effect.
(2)in what follows=in what is to follow
(3) What it is [they are] … 现在这个样子
what it was [they were] … 过去 [原来 ]那个样子
这些工厂与原来大不一样了。
These factories are quite different from what
they were.
月球表面，物体的重力仅为在地球上的六分之一。
On the surface of the moon,the gravitational
force on a body is only 1/6 what it is on earth.
下面，我们用 f来表示频率。
In what follows,we use f to represent frequency.
Section VI
QUIZ I
1,There is a 1-in-17 chance of drawing two successive hearts (红桃 )
in this manner.
2,The varieties of nonferrous (有色的 ) metals are nearly four
times what they were.
3,There are races (种，属 ) between animals large and small.
4,Leprosy does not affect most animals the way it does humans.
5,Aiken’s machine was limited in speed by its use of relays rather
than electronic devices.
6,Familiar to all with but the slightest exposure to scientific
literature,this model shows the atom as a miniature solar
system.
7,The absence of atmosphere in space will allow the space
telescope to show scientists light sources as far as 14-billion light
years away,some seven times farther out than those visible to
the biggest ground-based optical telescope.
变压器是由绕在铁芯上的两个或多个线圈构成
的一种装置。
这本书如果使用得当，对读者是很有帮助的。
若已知时间和速度，我们就能求出距离来。
A transformer is a device consisting of two or
more coils wound on the iron core.
This book,properly used,is of great help to the
reader.
Given time and speed,we can find out distance.
在设计这些集成电路时只考虑一两种用途。
圆心在原点，半径为 a的圆的方程为 x2＋ y2=a2 。
These integrated circuits were designed with
only one or two uses in mind.
The equation to the circle with the center at the
origin and of radius a is x2＋ y2=a2,
SECTION Ⅲ
IV,The gerund
1,The simple gerund
(1) After some verbs used as objects
suggest mind can’t help imagine
finish enjoy resist keep
complete require postpone risk
avoid excuse delay miss
consider forgive put off advise
involve deny admit practice
escape appreciate
(2) the translation of three expressions
by ~ing … through…
on (upon) ~ing… as soon as
soon after
in ~ing… during the time when
in the course of
in the aspect of
通过分析该设备的性能，我们能更好地了解它。
By analyzing the performance of the device,
one can appreciate it better.
物质一经挤压其体积就会缩小。
我们可以通过用丝绸摩擦 (rub)玻璃棒 (glass rod)得到相同的
结果。
We get the same results by rubbing a glass rod
with silk.
在使用上面的等式时，必须注意符号。
In using the equation above,attention must be
paid to the sign.
一旦把这些数值代入该方程后，人们发现无线电波的速度与
光速一样大。
Upon substituting these values into the equation,
it was found that the velocity of radio waves is as
great as that of light.
SECTION IV SUB-CLAUSES
I,The adverbial clause
1,Special translation technique for some
patterns
(1) not…until
该机器直到接收到信号后才工作。
The machine will not work until it receives a signal.
(2) before
Something further must be done to the amplified
signals before they can be sent to the transmitting
antenna.
该物体将继续向前运动一段距离后才停下来。
The body will move on for some distance
before it stops.
The values of most things must be converted
from decimal to binary before computations can
begin.
*** (3) since
Compare:
Great changes have taken place here since he left.
I haven’t heard from him since he lived in Beijing.
Since + past tense of a durative verb
----express a negative meaning
It is three years since he was in the army.
It is a long time since I studied English.
(4) when,while,as
当无线电波沿地球表面传播时，会损失掉一部分能量。
As radio waves travel along the surface of the
earth,part of its energy will be lost.
(5)while
concession,contrast
While this concept is used chiefly in
electricity,the same terms are applicable to
magnetism.
虽然这个概念主要用在电学中，但同样的一些术语
也可用于磁学之中。
At this time the kinetic energy approached
infinity,while the potential energy approaches
the minimum.
水是液体而冰则是固体。
II The appositive clause
several commonly used patterns
1,There is evidence that…
2,There is no doubt that…
3,There is every possibility that…
有证据表明这个式子是成立的。
毫无疑问，那个方程无解。
完全有可能取得理想的结果。
There is evidence that this equation holds.
There is no doubt that there is no solution to that equation.
There is every possibility that satisfactory results will be
obtained.
Ⅲ, Nominal clause
A few special patterns of the what-clause
(1) 我们都熟悉人们所说的电流。
We are all familiar with what is called
the electric current.
Formula:
what is
called
named
termed
described as
known as
referred to
spoken of as
我们所说的机器人只不过是一种特殊的电子设备。
What is called a robot is no more than a special kind
of electronic equipment.
过去人们通常所说的留声机 (phonograph)现在称为
唱机了。
What used to be called a phonograph is now called a
record player.
在 1947年后期，他们发现了后来人们所说的“晶体
管”效应。
Late in 1947,they discovered what was later to be
named the,transistor” effect.
(2)in what follows=in what is to follow
(3) What it is [they are] … 现在这个样子
what it was [they were] … 过去 [原来 ]那个样子
这些工厂与原来大不一样了。
These factories are quite different from what
they were.
月球表面，物体的重力仅为在地球上的六分之一。
On the surface of the moon,the gravitational
force on a body is only 1/6 what it is on earth.
下面，我们用 f来表示频率。
In what follows,we use f to represent frequency.
