The Alimentary SystemⅡ
Yunyang Medical College
余 明 华
Composition
Digestive tube 消化管
? Mouth
? Pharynx
? Esophagus
? Stomach
? Small intestine
? Large intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Digestive glands 消化腺
Superior digestive
tube
Inferior digestive
tube
? Major salivary glands
? Liver
? Pancreas
Esophagus
Mouth Pharynx
Stomach
Duodenum
JejunumIleum
Large intestine
Liver
Pancreas
Major salivary glands
The Stomach 胃
Shape
? Two surface,anterior and
posterior
? Two curvatures
? Lesser curvature 胃小弯,
near its lower part is
angular incisure 角切迹
? Greater curvature 胃大弯,
long,convex and directed to
the left and downward
? Two openings
? Cardia 贲门
? Pylorus 幽门
Body
of stomach
胃体
Pyloric antrum 幽门窦Pyloric canal 幽门管
Pyloric part 幽门部
Fundus of
stomach 胃底
Cardiac part
贲门部
Four parts
? Cardiac part 贲门部
? Fundus of stomach 胃底
? Body of stomach 胃体
? Pyloric part 幽门部
? Pyloric antrum 幽门窦
? Pyloric canal 幽门管
Position
－ Mainly parts is
situated in the left
hypochondriac
region,small in
the epigastric
region; the cardia
is situated to the
left of T11,the
pylorus lies to the
right of L1
The Small Intestine小肠
? About 5-7m long,
? Divided into
? Duodenum
? Jejunum
? Ilium
Duodenum
Jejunum Ilium
Duodenum
Four parts
? Superior part
? Duodenal cap
? Descending part
Major duodenal papilla
? Horizontal part
? Ascending part
? duodenojejunal
flexure 十二指肠空肠曲
? Suspensory muscle
of duodenum十二指肠悬
肌 (ligament of Treitz)
Jejunum and ileum
Large Intestine
? Approximately 1.5m
long,
? Five parts,
? Cecum 盲肠
? Vermiform appendix
阑尾
? Colon 结肠
? Rectum 直肠
? Anal canal 肛管
Large Intestine 大肠
Features
? Colic bands 结肠带
? Haustra of colon 结肠袋
? Epiploic appendices 肠脂垂
Cecum 盲肠
? Blind sac,first part of
large intestine,with
largest diameter and
thinnest wall
? Lies in right iliac fossa
? The ilium enters the
cecum obliquely,and
partially invaginates
into it,forming the
ileocecal valve－
consists of two folds,
probably delays flow
of ileal contents into
large intestine
Vermiform appendix 阑尾
? Blind worm-like tube
? Opens into
posteromedial aspect
of cecum,about 2 cm
below ileoceal orifice
? The base of the
appendix lies at the
point of convergence
of three colic bands
(used as a guide to
find the appendix
during operation)
? Surface marking
of the base is at
the so-called
McBurney’s point
which is at junction
of lateral and
middle thirds of
line joining right
anterior superior
iliac spine and
umbilicus variable in position
Triangular mesentery
Colon 结肠
? Ascending colon
? right colic
flexure
? Transverse colon
? left colic flexure
? Descending colon
? Sigmoid colon
Rectum 直肠
Curves
? Sagittal plane
? Sacral flexure
? Perineal flexure
? Coronal plane
? Lower part of rectum
dilated to form ampulla
of rectum 直肠壶腹
? Three transverse folds
of rectum 直肠横襞
Anal canal 肛管
? Anal columns 肛柱
? Anal valves 肛瓣
? Anal sinuses 肛窦
? Dentate line齿状线
? Above line,of endodermal origin
? Below line,of ectodermal origin
? Anal pecten 肛梳
? White line 白线 (Hilton’s line)
? Anus 肛门
? Anal sphincters 肛门括约肌
? Sphincter ani internus肛门内括约肌
? Sphincter ani externus 肛门外括约肌
The Liver 肝
Shape
? Two surfaces
? Diaphragmatic
surface膈面
? Convex and smooth
? Divided into right
and left lobes by
falciform lig,of
liver 镰状韧带
? Visceral surface 脏面
Visceral surface
－ has a H-shaped fissures
and grooves
? Left limb of H
? Anteriorly,fissure for
ligamentum teres
hepatis肝圆韧带裂
? Posteriorly,fissure
for ligamentum
venosum 静脉韧带裂
? Right limb of H
? Anteriorly,fossa for
gallbladder 胆囊窝
? Posteriorly,sulcus
for vena cava 下腔静脉沟
? Cross-bar of H is the
porta hepatic 肝门,
traversed by right and left
hepatic ducts,left and
right branches of proper
hepatic artery and
hepatic portal vein,
nerves and lymphatic
vessels,
hepatic pedicle 肝蒂
? Four lobes,left,right,
quadrate and caudate
lobes
Position,
Most of liver lies in the
right hypochondriac
region and epigastric
region,less part
extending into the left
hypochondriac region
Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
Consists of
? Gallbladder 胆囊
? Left and right
hepatic ducts 肝左、
右管
? Common hepatic
duct肝总管
? Common bile duct
胆总管
Gallbladder 胆囊
Position,lies in fossa for
gallbladder on visceral surface
of liver
Four parts
? Fundus of gallbladder 胆囊底
Surface projection,at the
junction of right
midclavicular line and right
costal arch
? Body of gallbladder 胆囊体
? Neck of gallbladder 胆囊颈
? Cystic duct 胆囊管
Biliary duct system
? Right and left hepatic
ducts unite outside of liver
to form the common
hepatic duct
? Cystic duct joins common
hepatic duct to form
common bile duct
? Common bile duct and
pancreatic duct usually unite
to form the
hepatopancreatic ampulla
Bile is secreted by the liver cells
Common hepatic duct
when the fat enters the small intestine,
the gallbladder contracts,the sphincter
of hepatopancreatic ampulla relax
Common bile duct
Major duodenal papilla
Biliary ductuli Right and left hepatic ducts
Cystic duct Gallbladder (store,concentrate)
Drainage of the bile
? Boundaries,the
common
hepatic duct on
the left,the
cystic duct on
the right,the
liver,
superiorily
? Content,cystic
artery
Triangle of Calot
The Pancreas 胰
Shape and Position
? A soft yellowish
lobulated gland
? Lies behind the
peritoneum on the
posterior abdominal
wall,roughly at the
level of of L1~L2
Four parts
? Head
? Flattened and located
in C-shaped curvatune
of duodenum
? Uncinate process
? Neck－ constricted
part
? Body
? Tail－ runs in base of
lienorenal ligament to
reach hilum of spleen
Pancreatic duct
? Main Pancreatic duct
? Begins at tail and
throughout gland
? Joins common bile duct
before entering
descending part of
duodenum at major
duodenal papilla
? Accessory pancreatic
duct
? Opens 2cm above main
duct at lesser duodenal
papilla
Thank you !
—— see you later !
Yunyang Medical College
余 明 华
Composition
Digestive tube 消化管
? Mouth
? Pharynx
? Esophagus
? Stomach
? Small intestine
? Large intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Digestive glands 消化腺
Superior digestive
tube
Inferior digestive
tube
? Major salivary glands
? Liver
? Pancreas
Esophagus
Mouth Pharynx
Stomach
Duodenum
JejunumIleum
Large intestine
Liver
Pancreas
Major salivary glands
The Stomach 胃
Shape
? Two surface,anterior and
posterior
? Two curvatures
? Lesser curvature 胃小弯,
near its lower part is
angular incisure 角切迹
? Greater curvature 胃大弯,
long,convex and directed to
the left and downward
? Two openings
? Cardia 贲门
? Pylorus 幽门
Body
of stomach
胃体
Pyloric antrum 幽门窦Pyloric canal 幽门管
Pyloric part 幽门部
Fundus of
stomach 胃底
Cardiac part
贲门部
Four parts
? Cardiac part 贲门部
? Fundus of stomach 胃底
? Body of stomach 胃体
? Pyloric part 幽门部
? Pyloric antrum 幽门窦
? Pyloric canal 幽门管
Position
－ Mainly parts is
situated in the left
hypochondriac
region,small in
the epigastric
region; the cardia
is situated to the
left of T11,the
pylorus lies to the
right of L1
The Small Intestine小肠
? About 5-7m long,
? Divided into
? Duodenum
? Jejunum
? Ilium
Duodenum
Jejunum Ilium
Duodenum
Four parts
? Superior part
? Duodenal cap
? Descending part
Major duodenal papilla
? Horizontal part
? Ascending part
? duodenojejunal
flexure 十二指肠空肠曲
? Suspensory muscle
of duodenum十二指肠悬
肌 (ligament of Treitz)
Jejunum and ileum
Large Intestine
? Approximately 1.5m
long,
? Five parts,
? Cecum 盲肠
? Vermiform appendix
阑尾
? Colon 结肠
? Rectum 直肠
? Anal canal 肛管
Large Intestine 大肠
Features
? Colic bands 结肠带
? Haustra of colon 结肠袋
? Epiploic appendices 肠脂垂
Cecum 盲肠
? Blind sac,first part of
large intestine,with
largest diameter and
thinnest wall
? Lies in right iliac fossa
? The ilium enters the
cecum obliquely,and
partially invaginates
into it,forming the
ileocecal valve－
consists of two folds,
probably delays flow
of ileal contents into
large intestine
Vermiform appendix 阑尾
? Blind worm-like tube
? Opens into
posteromedial aspect
of cecum,about 2 cm
below ileoceal orifice
? The base of the
appendix lies at the
point of convergence
of three colic bands
(used as a guide to
find the appendix
during operation)
? Surface marking
of the base is at
the so-called
McBurney’s point
which is at junction
of lateral and
middle thirds of
line joining right
anterior superior
iliac spine and
umbilicus variable in position
Triangular mesentery
Colon 结肠
? Ascending colon
? right colic
flexure
? Transverse colon
? left colic flexure
? Descending colon
? Sigmoid colon
Rectum 直肠
Curves
? Sagittal plane
? Sacral flexure
? Perineal flexure
? Coronal plane
? Lower part of rectum
dilated to form ampulla
of rectum 直肠壶腹
? Three transverse folds
of rectum 直肠横襞
Anal canal 肛管
? Anal columns 肛柱
? Anal valves 肛瓣
? Anal sinuses 肛窦
? Dentate line齿状线
? Above line,of endodermal origin
? Below line,of ectodermal origin
? Anal pecten 肛梳
? White line 白线 (Hilton’s line)
? Anus 肛门
? Anal sphincters 肛门括约肌
? Sphincter ani internus肛门内括约肌
? Sphincter ani externus 肛门外括约肌
The Liver 肝
Shape
? Two surfaces
? Diaphragmatic
surface膈面
? Convex and smooth
? Divided into right
and left lobes by
falciform lig,of
liver 镰状韧带
? Visceral surface 脏面
Visceral surface
－ has a H-shaped fissures
and grooves
? Left limb of H
? Anteriorly,fissure for
ligamentum teres
hepatis肝圆韧带裂
? Posteriorly,fissure
for ligamentum
venosum 静脉韧带裂
? Right limb of H
? Anteriorly,fossa for
gallbladder 胆囊窝
? Posteriorly,sulcus
for vena cava 下腔静脉沟
? Cross-bar of H is the
porta hepatic 肝门,
traversed by right and left
hepatic ducts,left and
right branches of proper
hepatic artery and
hepatic portal vein,
nerves and lymphatic
vessels,
hepatic pedicle 肝蒂
? Four lobes,left,right,
quadrate and caudate
lobes
Position,
Most of liver lies in the
right hypochondriac
region and epigastric
region,less part
extending into the left
hypochondriac region
Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
Consists of
? Gallbladder 胆囊
? Left and right
hepatic ducts 肝左、
右管
? Common hepatic
duct肝总管
? Common bile duct
胆总管
Gallbladder 胆囊
Position,lies in fossa for
gallbladder on visceral surface
of liver
Four parts
? Fundus of gallbladder 胆囊底
Surface projection,at the
junction of right
midclavicular line and right
costal arch
? Body of gallbladder 胆囊体
? Neck of gallbladder 胆囊颈
? Cystic duct 胆囊管
Biliary duct system
? Right and left hepatic
ducts unite outside of liver
to form the common
hepatic duct
? Cystic duct joins common
hepatic duct to form
common bile duct
? Common bile duct and
pancreatic duct usually unite
to form the
hepatopancreatic ampulla
Bile is secreted by the liver cells
Common hepatic duct
when the fat enters the small intestine,
the gallbladder contracts,the sphincter
of hepatopancreatic ampulla relax
Common bile duct
Major duodenal papilla
Biliary ductuli Right and left hepatic ducts
Cystic duct Gallbladder (store,concentrate)
Drainage of the bile
? Boundaries,the
common
hepatic duct on
the left,the
cystic duct on
the right,the
liver,
superiorily
? Content,cystic
artery
Triangle of Calot
The Pancreas 胰
Shape and Position
? A soft yellowish
lobulated gland
? Lies behind the
peritoneum on the
posterior abdominal
wall,roughly at the
level of of L1~L2
Four parts
? Head
? Flattened and located
in C-shaped curvatune
of duodenum
? Uncinate process
? Neck－ constricted
part
? Body
? Tail－ runs in base of
lienorenal ligament to
reach hilum of spleen
Pancreatic duct
? Main Pancreatic duct
? Begins at tail and
throughout gland
? Joins common bile duct
before entering
descending part of
duodenum at major
duodenal papilla
? Accessory pancreatic
duct
? Opens 2cm above main
duct at lesser duodenal
papilla
Thank you !
—— see you later !
