普通昆虫学
General Entomology
绪论 Introduction
? 虫
? 古时为所有动物的总称。
?, 说文解字,,虫 ……,物之微细，或行或飞，或毛或裸，
或介或鳞，以虫为象 ……
? 鳞、羽、裸、毛、介
? 例子
? dragon,snake,tiger ……
? 昆虫 Insects,
? 昆：众多
? 昆虫：各种各样 Insect的总称。
? 昆虫的现代科学意义
? Insect
? Entomology is the study of insects,
一、节肢动物门 Arthropoda
? Arthro— 分节,poda— 足
? body covered with cuticle,Segmented animals,
体被外骨骼，身体和附肢分节
? Appendages,segmented
? Include,
? insects
? crustaceans
? arachnids
? Myriapods
（一）蛛形纲 Arachnida
? Scorpion蝎,spider蜘蛛,and
mite螨
? bodies -- cephalothorax and
abdomen,
? head without antennae,
? usually bearing eight legs,
（二） 甲壳纲 Crustacea
? Body -- head,thorax,abdomen
? Head and thorax often closely
joined as cephalothorax;
? 2 pairs of antennae
? Usually at least 5 pairs of legs
? Abdomen having short
appendages
? Mostly hydrophilous
? shrimp虾,lobster龙虾,crab蟹
（三）唇足纲 Chilopoda
? centipedes蜈蚣
? a pair of antennae,
? Bodies very long,each
segment with a pair of
legs,
? The first pair
appendages modified
into poison claws,
（四）重足纲 Diplopoda
? millipedes马陆,
? body segments
fused into pairs
? Each apparent
segment has two
pairs of
appendages,
（五）昆虫纲 Insecta
1,Bodies into cephalic,
thoracic and
abdominal regions,
2,Head carries
mouthpart,one pair
of antennae,
3,Usually with 3 pair of
legs and a pair of
wings in the adult,
? 4,The genital
aperture is located
posteriorly on the
abdomen,
生殖孔位于腹末。
? 5,Metamorphosis
变态发育
二、昆虫的特点
? 1、种类多
? 80% of the species on Earth,
are insects,85% remain
undescribed,
? 全世界已知动物 150万种，
昆虫 100万种。
? 估计昆虫有 300万种，有人
估计有 500,1000,3000，
6000万种之多。
? 2,The biomass of
insects is gigantic,
? 3,we are surrounded by
countless millions of
insects,
Why insect species are so
richness?
三,Why is Entomology important?
? （一）昆虫的有害方面 Harmful aspects
? As pests and human competitors,they destroy
or eat crops;
? As disease vectors,insects weaken or kill 200
million people per year,
? （二）昆虫的有益方面 Beneficial aspects
? 1、工业昆虫 Industrial insects：白蜡虫、五倍子蚜
虫、紫胶虫、蚕、蜜蜂。
? 2、传粉昆虫 Pollinators
? 1/3 crop pollinated by insects,
? 3、生物防治 Biocontrol：以虫治虫
? 4,清洁工 Natural cleaners
? Insects compose half the animal biomass in some
tropical forests (Fittkau and Linge 1973),
? 5、食用 Food、药用 Medicine、饲料昆虫：蚕蛹、
蝗虫 entomophagy
? 6,观赏 Entertainment
三、昆虫学的分支
Branches of Entomology
? 基础学科
? Insect morphology 昆虫形态学
? Insect taxonomy昆虫分类学
? Insect physiology昆虫生理学
? Insect biology昆虫生物学
? Insect biogeography昆虫生物地理学
? Insect ecology昆虫生态学
? 应用学科
? Agricultural entomology农业昆虫
学
? Forest entomology森林昆虫学
? Urban entomology城市昆虫学
? Medical entomology医学昆虫学
? Storeproduct entomology仓贮昆虫
学
? Forensic entomology法医昆虫学
四、昆虫学历史和展望
History and Prospect of Entomology
? 上古时代
? 开始认识并饲养、驯化、利用昆虫（养蚕、养蜂）
? 古代
? 开始对昆虫的形态、分类、生物学习性等进行记载，
利用昆虫及其产品、开展害虫防治（包括生物防治）
? 近现代
? 创立具有现代意义的, 昆虫学,,并形成各个分支
学科
? Entomology is still in an early exploratory and descriptive phase;
new families,features,life histories,distributional patterns,and
lifestyles are discovered annually--many by scientists,
? The enormous benefits to humans implicit in the marvelous
diversity,intricate biologies,precise behavior,and extraordinary
abundance of insects and their allies--both as taxa and as genetic
resources for biotechnology--remain mostly undeveloped and
even unappreciated by industry and society,
? The chief obstacle to beneficial use of insect and terrestrial
arthropod resources is adequate scientific reconnaissance of their
diversity,To be effectively used,insect diversity must be
discovered,described,and organized,
? Predictive,synthetic classifications are an essential technological
infrastructure for research and sustainable use,
General Entomology
绪论 Introduction
? 虫
? 古时为所有动物的总称。
?, 说文解字,,虫 ……,物之微细，或行或飞，或毛或裸，
或介或鳞，以虫为象 ……
? 鳞、羽、裸、毛、介
? 例子
? dragon,snake,tiger ……
? 昆虫 Insects,
? 昆：众多
? 昆虫：各种各样 Insect的总称。
? 昆虫的现代科学意义
? Insect
? Entomology is the study of insects,
一、节肢动物门 Arthropoda
? Arthro— 分节,poda— 足
? body covered with cuticle,Segmented animals,
体被外骨骼，身体和附肢分节
? Appendages,segmented
? Include,
? insects
? crustaceans
? arachnids
? Myriapods
（一）蛛形纲 Arachnida
? Scorpion蝎,spider蜘蛛,and
mite螨
? bodies -- cephalothorax and
abdomen,
? head without antennae,
? usually bearing eight legs,
（二） 甲壳纲 Crustacea
? Body -- head,thorax,abdomen
? Head and thorax often closely
joined as cephalothorax;
? 2 pairs of antennae
? Usually at least 5 pairs of legs
? Abdomen having short
appendages
? Mostly hydrophilous
? shrimp虾,lobster龙虾,crab蟹
（三）唇足纲 Chilopoda
? centipedes蜈蚣
? a pair of antennae,
? Bodies very long,each
segment with a pair of
legs,
? The first pair
appendages modified
into poison claws,
（四）重足纲 Diplopoda
? millipedes马陆,
? body segments
fused into pairs
? Each apparent
segment has two
pairs of
appendages,
（五）昆虫纲 Insecta
1,Bodies into cephalic,
thoracic and
abdominal regions,
2,Head carries
mouthpart,one pair
of antennae,
3,Usually with 3 pair of
legs and a pair of
wings in the adult,
? 4,The genital
aperture is located
posteriorly on the
abdomen,
生殖孔位于腹末。
? 5,Metamorphosis
变态发育
二、昆虫的特点
? 1、种类多
? 80% of the species on Earth,
are insects,85% remain
undescribed,
? 全世界已知动物 150万种，
昆虫 100万种。
? 估计昆虫有 300万种，有人
估计有 500,1000,3000，
6000万种之多。
? 2,The biomass of
insects is gigantic,
? 3,we are surrounded by
countless millions of
insects,
Why insect species are so
richness?
三,Why is Entomology important?
? （一）昆虫的有害方面 Harmful aspects
? As pests and human competitors,they destroy
or eat crops;
? As disease vectors,insects weaken or kill 200
million people per year,
? （二）昆虫的有益方面 Beneficial aspects
? 1、工业昆虫 Industrial insects：白蜡虫、五倍子蚜
虫、紫胶虫、蚕、蜜蜂。
? 2、传粉昆虫 Pollinators
? 1/3 crop pollinated by insects,
? 3、生物防治 Biocontrol：以虫治虫
? 4,清洁工 Natural cleaners
? Insects compose half the animal biomass in some
tropical forests (Fittkau and Linge 1973),
? 5、食用 Food、药用 Medicine、饲料昆虫：蚕蛹、
蝗虫 entomophagy
? 6,观赏 Entertainment
三、昆虫学的分支
Branches of Entomology
? 基础学科
? Insect morphology 昆虫形态学
? Insect taxonomy昆虫分类学
? Insect physiology昆虫生理学
? Insect biology昆虫生物学
? Insect biogeography昆虫生物地理学
? Insect ecology昆虫生态学
? 应用学科
? Agricultural entomology农业昆虫
学
? Forest entomology森林昆虫学
? Urban entomology城市昆虫学
? Medical entomology医学昆虫学
? Storeproduct entomology仓贮昆虫
学
? Forensic entomology法医昆虫学
四、昆虫学历史和展望
History and Prospect of Entomology
? 上古时代
? 开始认识并饲养、驯化、利用昆虫（养蚕、养蜂）
? 古代
? 开始对昆虫的形态、分类、生物学习性等进行记载，
利用昆虫及其产品、开展害虫防治（包括生物防治）
? 近现代
? 创立具有现代意义的, 昆虫学,,并形成各个分支
学科
? Entomology is still in an early exploratory and descriptive phase;
new families,features,life histories,distributional patterns,and
lifestyles are discovered annually--many by scientists,
? The enormous benefits to humans implicit in the marvelous
diversity,intricate biologies,precise behavior,and extraordinary
abundance of insects and their allies--both as taxa and as genetic
resources for biotechnology--remain mostly undeveloped and
even unappreciated by industry and society,
? The chief obstacle to beneficial use of insect and terrestrial
arthropod resources is adequate scientific reconnaissance of their
diversity,To be effectively used,insect diversity must be
discovered,described,and organized,
? Predictive,synthetic classifications are an essential technological
infrastructure for research and sustainable use,
