课件九,Marxism
马克思主义的诞生
一、马克思主义诞生的历史条件
二、马、恩在创立科学共产主义理论时期
的实践活动
三、共产主义同盟的建立和, 共产党宣言,
的发表
(9-1-1)
Marxism,the political,economic and social
system,advocated by Marx and Engels
and their followers.Its philosophical bases
are dialectical materialism and historical
materialism.
Karl Marx(1818-1883)
马克思 (9-1-2)
? German economist and
social philosopher,
With Engels,his friend
and collaborator,he
published the
“Communist
Manifesto”(1848),He
founded (1864) the First
International and
published (1867)the
first volume of,Das
Kapital”.
Friedrich Engels (1820-95)恩格斯
(9-1-3)
German socialist and political
philosopher,He spent most of his
adult life in England as a
manager of cotton mills,He
met(1844) Marx,and collaborated
with him on many works,After
Marx’s death he edited (1885-94)
volumes Ⅱ and Ⅲ of,Das
Kapital”,His own works include
“The Condition of the Working
Classes in England in 1844”(1845)
and,The Origin of the Family,
Private Property and the
State”(1884).
Chartist Movement 宪章运动 (9-2-1)
? A working class
movement in (19c.) to
achiece the political
reform contained in the
,People’s Charter,
(1838),The movement
led to riots (1839-42) and
organized petitions to
parliament (1840,42,48),
It collapsed (1848),but
most of its aims have
been wholly or partly
achieved.
The Six Points of the People’s Charter
人民宪章的六点要求 (9-2-2)
? 1,manhood
suffrage;
? 2,vote by ballot;
? 3,payment of
M.P.s;
? 4,equal to
electoral districts;
? 5,The abolition of
property
qualification for
M.P.s;
? 6,Annul
parliaments;
Georg Wihelm Friedrich Hegel
(1770-1831) 黑格尔 (9-3-1)
? German philosopher,
His main works include
,Phenomenology of
mind, (1870,,精神现象
学, ),“Logic” (1812-16,
,逻辑学, ),,philosophy
of History”(,历史哲学, ），
,philosophy of
Law”(,法哲学, ），
,Aesthetics”(,美学, ）,
Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach
(1804-72) 费尔巴哈 (9-3-2)
? A German philosopher,
who defected （背叛、批判）
from Hegelian idealism
(黑格尔唯心主义） to a
materialist view of man
and history,His
“Essence of
Christianity, (,基督教的本
质, ） had a strong
influence on Marx and
Engels.
Adam Smith (1723-90) 亚当 ·斯密 (9-4-1)
? Scottish economist,His
“Wealth of Nations” (1776)
founded modern classical
economics,substituting
economic liberalism for
mercantilist protection,He
condemned unwarranted state
control and monopoly and
upheld private enterprise,
competition,free trade and
laissez-faire as the right and
efficient way of producing
maximum wealth and
happiness,His ideas
dominated the whole of
industrial Europe and America
until the revival of opposing
theories of state control and
protection.
David Ricardo (1772-1823)
大卫 ·李嘉图 (9-4-2)
? British economist,In
“Principles of Political
Economy and Taxation”
(1817,,政治经济学及赋税原理, )，
he elaborated the labor
theory of value,He was
the founder of
classical school of
economics,and his
philosophy influenced
Marx and many others,
Utopian Socialism
空想社会主义 （ 9-5-1）
? Historically,modern socialism is divided into
pre-Marxian and Post-Marxian socialism or,in
Marxist terms,into,Utopian” and,scientific”
socialism,The Utopian socialists earned their
epithet (称号 ) because of unrealistic nature of
their schemes,Most of the Utopians were
French,and they all came from the middle or
upper classes,They had schemes for social
change,but they scarcely thought at all how
their elaborate (精心设计的） blueprints might be
put into practice,
Saint Simon (1760-1825) 圣西门 (9-5-2)
? French nobleman,
political economist and
prominent Utopian
socialist,He urged that
the state should lend
capital to societies
which should function
on the principle of
,from each according
his capacity; to each
according his services.”
Charles Fourier (1772-1837)
傅立叶 (9-5-3)
? French philosopher,
economist,and
Utopian socialist,He
advocated
reorganization of
society into small
cooperative
communities or
phalanges,each with
about 1600 people
and 5000acrea of land.
Robert Owen (1771-1858) 欧文 (9-5-4)
? British social reformer
and socialist,He won
wide attention by
transforming New
Lanark,in which his
factory was located,
into a model
community,and by
founding the short-lived
communistic colony of
New Harmony in
Indiana,
Charles Robert Darwin(1809-1882)
达尔文 (9-6-1)
? English naturalist,As
official naturalist on the
survey vessel H.M.S,
“Beagle” he sailed
around the world (1831-
36),This started his work
of observation,
investigation and
correlation that lead to
his theory of evolution by
natural selection,His
work,On the Origin of
Species by means of
Natural Selection” was
published in 1859.,
Communist Manifesto 共产党宣言
（ 9-7-1）
? a statement of
principles of
communism,
written(1848) by
Marx and
Engels,It
marks the birth
of Marxism.
马克思主义的诞生
一、马克思主义诞生的历史条件
二、马、恩在创立科学共产主义理论时期
的实践活动
三、共产主义同盟的建立和, 共产党宣言,
的发表
(9-1-1)
Marxism,the political,economic and social
system,advocated by Marx and Engels
and their followers.Its philosophical bases
are dialectical materialism and historical
materialism.
Karl Marx(1818-1883)
马克思 (9-1-2)
? German economist and
social philosopher,
With Engels,his friend
and collaborator,he
published the
“Communist
Manifesto”(1848),He
founded (1864) the First
International and
published (1867)the
first volume of,Das
Kapital”.
Friedrich Engels (1820-95)恩格斯
(9-1-3)
German socialist and political
philosopher,He spent most of his
adult life in England as a
manager of cotton mills,He
met(1844) Marx,and collaborated
with him on many works,After
Marx’s death he edited (1885-94)
volumes Ⅱ and Ⅲ of,Das
Kapital”,His own works include
“The Condition of the Working
Classes in England in 1844”(1845)
and,The Origin of the Family,
Private Property and the
State”(1884).
Chartist Movement 宪章运动 (9-2-1)
? A working class
movement in (19c.) to
achiece the political
reform contained in the
,People’s Charter,
(1838),The movement
led to riots (1839-42) and
organized petitions to
parliament (1840,42,48),
It collapsed (1848),but
most of its aims have
been wholly or partly
achieved.
The Six Points of the People’s Charter
人民宪章的六点要求 (9-2-2)
? 1,manhood
suffrage;
? 2,vote by ballot;
? 3,payment of
M.P.s;
? 4,equal to
electoral districts;
? 5,The abolition of
property
qualification for
M.P.s;
? 6,Annul
parliaments;
Georg Wihelm Friedrich Hegel
(1770-1831) 黑格尔 (9-3-1)
? German philosopher,
His main works include
,Phenomenology of
mind, (1870,,精神现象
学, ),“Logic” (1812-16,
,逻辑学, ),,philosophy
of History”(,历史哲学, ），
,philosophy of
Law”(,法哲学, ），
,Aesthetics”(,美学, ）,
Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach
(1804-72) 费尔巴哈 (9-3-2)
? A German philosopher,
who defected （背叛、批判）
from Hegelian idealism
(黑格尔唯心主义） to a
materialist view of man
and history,His
“Essence of
Christianity, (,基督教的本
质, ） had a strong
influence on Marx and
Engels.
Adam Smith (1723-90) 亚当 ·斯密 (9-4-1)
? Scottish economist,His
“Wealth of Nations” (1776)
founded modern classical
economics,substituting
economic liberalism for
mercantilist protection,He
condemned unwarranted state
control and monopoly and
upheld private enterprise,
competition,free trade and
laissez-faire as the right and
efficient way of producing
maximum wealth and
happiness,His ideas
dominated the whole of
industrial Europe and America
until the revival of opposing
theories of state control and
protection.
David Ricardo (1772-1823)
大卫 ·李嘉图 (9-4-2)
? British economist,In
“Principles of Political
Economy and Taxation”
(1817,,政治经济学及赋税原理, )，
he elaborated the labor
theory of value,He was
the founder of
classical school of
economics,and his
philosophy influenced
Marx and many others,
Utopian Socialism
空想社会主义 （ 9-5-1）
? Historically,modern socialism is divided into
pre-Marxian and Post-Marxian socialism or,in
Marxist terms,into,Utopian” and,scientific”
socialism,The Utopian socialists earned their
epithet (称号 ) because of unrealistic nature of
their schemes,Most of the Utopians were
French,and they all came from the middle or
upper classes,They had schemes for social
change,but they scarcely thought at all how
their elaborate (精心设计的） blueprints might be
put into practice,
Saint Simon (1760-1825) 圣西门 (9-5-2)
? French nobleman,
political economist and
prominent Utopian
socialist,He urged that
the state should lend
capital to societies
which should function
on the principle of
,from each according
his capacity; to each
according his services.”
Charles Fourier (1772-1837)
傅立叶 (9-5-3)
? French philosopher,
economist,and
Utopian socialist,He
advocated
reorganization of
society into small
cooperative
communities or
phalanges,each with
about 1600 people
and 5000acrea of land.
Robert Owen (1771-1858) 欧文 (9-5-4)
? British social reformer
and socialist,He won
wide attention by
transforming New
Lanark,in which his
factory was located,
into a model
community,and by
founding the short-lived
communistic colony of
New Harmony in
Indiana,
Charles Robert Darwin(1809-1882)
达尔文 (9-6-1)
? English naturalist,As
official naturalist on the
survey vessel H.M.S,
“Beagle” he sailed
around the world (1831-
36),This started his work
of observation,
investigation and
correlation that lead to
his theory of evolution by
natural selection,His
work,On the Origin of
Species by means of
Natural Selection” was
published in 1859.,
Communist Manifesto 共产党宣言
（ 9-7-1）
? a statement of
principles of
communism,
written(1848) by
Marx and
Engels,It
marks the birth
of Marxism.
