课件四：英国革命
? 一、革命前英国的经济状况和社会结构
? 二、革命的开始和两次内战
? 三、从共和国到护国政治
? 四、司徒亚特王朝复辟和 1688年政变
英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰、爱尔兰
James I （ 1566-1625）
詹姆斯一世
? King of England and
Ireland (1603-1625） and
king of Scotland (as
James VI,1567-1625),
James’s stubborn
insistence on the divine
right of the kings clashed
with a growing spirit of
independence in the
Commons,and he left a
legacy of constitutional
conflict to his son
Charles 1,
the, enclosure movement”
圈地运动
? A movement in which
landowners closed off
public lands in order to better
organize and keep track of land
and animals,It also served the
purpose of closing off the land
they owned from that which was
previously shared with peasant
farmers,This movement
continued up until the early 19th
Century,although the method of
enclosing dates back to medieval
times,It also spread to many
other European countries such
as Russia,Hungary,Germany,
France,and Denmark.
Puritanism 清教教义
? Puritanism began during the
reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
when some English Protestants
objected to Catholic elements in
worship,Puritans believed that
the church should be independent
from the Crown,They wished to
"purify" the church by several
means,some declaring separation
from the church of England and
some remaining within it,
Moderates advocated a polity or
church structure called
presbyterianism,Being repressed,
thousands of Puritans left
England,
The Long Parliament (1640-53)
长期国会
? Called by Charles 1,Led by
Pym and Hampton,it brought
about the execution of Strafford
and Laud,abolished Star
Chamber,and drew up the
Grand Remonstrance,In the
Civil War,the parliament was
reduced by Pride’s Purge (1648)
to a Rump Parliament,which
ordered Charles execution
(1649) was itself suppressed
(1653) by Cromwell,It was not
formally dissolved until 1660.
The execution of Strafford in 1641
处死斯特拉福德伯爵
? An English statesman
entrusted by Charles Ⅰ,
The ruthless methods he
employed led to his
impeachment,He was
executed with the King’s
consent(1641),the royal
authority being thus
greatly diminished.
Oliver Cromwell(1599-1658)
克伦威尔
? A Huntington yeoman,he
was elected (1640) to the
Long Parliament,where he
became the leader of the
Puritans,With out
break(1642) of the Civil
War,he led his,ironside”
troops to victories over
royalists,The council of
army officers appointed
him lord protector of the
Commonwealth (1653).On
his death(1658),he was
succeeded by his son.
Execution of Charles Ⅰ (1649)
处决查理二世
? Charles Ⅰ （ 1600-49),
king of England,
Scotland and
Ireland.(1625-49),
Because of his failure
in the Civil War,he
took refuge (1646)
with the Scottish
army and was
betrayed (1647) to
British army under
Cromwell,Charles
was tried and
executed on J.30,1649.
Stuart Restoration,Charles Ⅱ
? He was restored to
the throne (1660-85),
He gave power to less
popular cabal(小团体 ）
of five ministers,and
declared himself a
Roman Catholic,
which arose a Whig
opposition.
Glorious Revolution (1688)
光荣革命
? The name given
to the overthrow
of James Ⅱ and
the proclamation
of William Ⅲ
and Mary Ⅱ as
joint sovereigns,
Bill of Rights (1889)
权利法案
? An act passed by Parliament
(1689) settling the succession on
William and Mary,and stating
the terms under which they are
to rule,It included clauses
making it illegal to suspend laws
or levy taxes without
parliamentary consent,or to
raise a standing army in time of
peace,It demanded freedom of
speech,in parliament and the
right to petition the Crown,It
attempted to secure the
independence of juries and
frequent meetings of parliament.
? 一、革命前英国的经济状况和社会结构
? 二、革命的开始和两次内战
? 三、从共和国到护国政治
? 四、司徒亚特王朝复辟和 1688年政变
英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰、爱尔兰
James I （ 1566-1625）
詹姆斯一世
? King of England and
Ireland (1603-1625） and
king of Scotland (as
James VI,1567-1625),
James’s stubborn
insistence on the divine
right of the kings clashed
with a growing spirit of
independence in the
Commons,and he left a
legacy of constitutional
conflict to his son
Charles 1,
the, enclosure movement”
圈地运动
? A movement in which
landowners closed off
public lands in order to better
organize and keep track of land
and animals,It also served the
purpose of closing off the land
they owned from that which was
previously shared with peasant
farmers,This movement
continued up until the early 19th
Century,although the method of
enclosing dates back to medieval
times,It also spread to many
other European countries such
as Russia,Hungary,Germany,
France,and Denmark.
Puritanism 清教教义
? Puritanism began during the
reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
when some English Protestants
objected to Catholic elements in
worship,Puritans believed that
the church should be independent
from the Crown,They wished to
"purify" the church by several
means,some declaring separation
from the church of England and
some remaining within it,
Moderates advocated a polity or
church structure called
presbyterianism,Being repressed,
thousands of Puritans left
England,
The Long Parliament (1640-53)
长期国会
? Called by Charles 1,Led by
Pym and Hampton,it brought
about the execution of Strafford
and Laud,abolished Star
Chamber,and drew up the
Grand Remonstrance,In the
Civil War,the parliament was
reduced by Pride’s Purge (1648)
to a Rump Parliament,which
ordered Charles execution
(1649) was itself suppressed
(1653) by Cromwell,It was not
formally dissolved until 1660.
The execution of Strafford in 1641
处死斯特拉福德伯爵
? An English statesman
entrusted by Charles Ⅰ,
The ruthless methods he
employed led to his
impeachment,He was
executed with the King’s
consent(1641),the royal
authority being thus
greatly diminished.
Oliver Cromwell(1599-1658)
克伦威尔
? A Huntington yeoman,he
was elected (1640) to the
Long Parliament,where he
became the leader of the
Puritans,With out
break(1642) of the Civil
War,he led his,ironside”
troops to victories over
royalists,The council of
army officers appointed
him lord protector of the
Commonwealth (1653).On
his death(1658),he was
succeeded by his son.
Execution of Charles Ⅰ (1649)
处决查理二世
? Charles Ⅰ （ 1600-49),
king of England,
Scotland and
Ireland.(1625-49),
Because of his failure
in the Civil War,he
took refuge (1646)
with the Scottish
army and was
betrayed (1647) to
British army under
Cromwell,Charles
was tried and
executed on J.30,1649.
Stuart Restoration,Charles Ⅱ
? He was restored to
the throne (1660-85),
He gave power to less
popular cabal(小团体 ）
of five ministers,and
declared himself a
Roman Catholic,
which arose a Whig
opposition.
Glorious Revolution (1688)
光荣革命
? The name given
to the overthrow
of James Ⅱ and
the proclamation
of William Ⅲ
and Mary Ⅱ as
joint sovereigns,
Bill of Rights (1889)
权利法案
? An act passed by Parliament
(1689) settling the succession on
William and Mary,and stating
the terms under which they are
to rule,It included clauses
making it illegal to suspend laws
or levy taxes without
parliamentary consent,or to
raise a standing army in time of
peace,It demanded freedom of
speech,in parliament and the
right to petition the Crown,It
attempted to secure the
independence of juries and
frequent meetings of parliament.
