Chapter 5 Coelenterata
浮游水母类的一般形态、分类、
生物学与经济意义
General features
?two primary lays,outer ectoderm and
inner endoderm
?radial symmetry
Class Hydromedusae
Class Scyphomedusae
§ 5.1 Morphology
Hydromedusae
External features
?Form,polypoid and medusoid
?Morphology
– umbrella,exumbrella and subumbrella
?Velum and pseudovelum
?Manubrium and mouth lips
?Tenacle,marginal and oral tentacles
?Nematocyst：
– morphology,operculum,capsule and thread
– classification
Internal features
?Gastrovascular System：
gastrovascular-cavity
?Muscular System,radial and circular fibers
?Nervous and Sensory Cell：
– nerve net
– ganglion cell
– neurosecretory cell
√ Sensory Organ
– pigment cell
– statocyst,
– open marginal vesicle
– closed marginal vesicle
– free marginal sensoty club
– enclosed marginal sensoty club
?Reproduction：
– dioecious,gonads situated on the radial
canals or inside stomach
§ 5.2 Class Hydromedusae
Hydromedusae
?>2000 species,6 orders：
– velum
– presence or absence ocelli and statocysts
– position of gonads
– type of life cycle
(一 ) Order Anthomedusae
?本目有 22科，介绍常见 4个科。
– 1,Family Tubulariidae
? Euphysora
– 2,Family Bougainvilliidae
? Koellikerina
– 3,Fmaily Velellidae,one genus,one species
– 4,Family Randeidae
? Leuckartiara 厦门隔膜水母
（二） Order Leptomedusae
?本目 12科，我国记录 9科，介绍常见 4科。
– 1,Family Campanulariidae:
? Phialidium,P,chengshanense
? Obelia
– 2,Family Eirenidae:
? Eirene
– 3,Family Eutimidae
? Eutima
– 4,Family Aequoreidae
? Aequorea
（三） Order Limnomedusae
?本目共 4科。
– Family Moerisiidae
? Tiaricodon
（四） Order Trachymedusae:
?Family Geryoniidae:
Liriop,L,tetraphylla
?Family Rhopalonematidae
Aglaura,A,hemistoma
（五） Order Narcomedusae
?Family Aeginidae:
– Solmundella bitentaculata
– Aegina citrea
（六） Order Siphonophora
?Specialized group of medusae with
polymorphic colony
Morphology of Siphonophora
?Modified medusoid and polypoid inviduals：
– Polypoid zooids：
? gastrozooids；
? dactylozooids；
? gonozooids；
– Medusoid forms：
? nectophore；
? pneumatophore；
? gonophore；
? bract；
Classification of Siphonophora:
?Suborder Disconanthae, Family Porpitidae
?Suborder Cystonectae,Family Physaliidae：
?Suborfer Physonectae,Family Agalmidae
Agalma elegans
?Suborder Calysophorae, Family Diphyidae
– Diphyes
– Muggiaea
§ 5.3 Class Scyphomedusae
一,Morphology
（一） 外部形态
?Lappet
?Sense Organs：
rhopalium,ocelli
?Oral arms：
?附属物：感觉功能。
?生殖下穴：
?Marginal Tentacles,solid or hollow
（二） 内部形态：
?Digest system；
?Gastrovascular system：
?Nervous system and sense organs：
?Reproduction,diovcious
二,Clasification
1 Key to Class Scyphomedusae
1 Cubical umbrella form.................................Cubomedusae
Umbrella not cubical form...........……….........……...…..2
2 Exumbrella with a circular,coronal furrow....Coronatae
Exumbrella without a furrow.........…........……………...3
3 Oral arms free.............................................Semaeostomeae
Oral arms fused.............................................Rhizostomeae
§ 5.4 Biology and Significance
Biology
（一） Distribution
?Cold water species,Cyanea capillata
?Warm water species,Aglaura
hemistoma,Velella velella,Porpita
porpita,Physalia physalia etc.
?Coastal species,many species of
Anthomedusae,Leptomedusae,
Limnomedusae,Semaeostomeae and
Rhizostomeae
（二） Feeding habits
（三） Reproduction
?dioecious without sexual dimorphism
– 1 sexual cells；
– 2 fertilization；
– 3 development;
（四） Life cycle：
?Alternation of generations：
– zygote → blastula → planular larva →
attachment → hydranth
?Without alternation of generations：
Significance
?Beneficial
– Fisheries
– Medical use
?Harmful
浮游水母类的一般形态、分类、
生物学与经济意义
General features
?two primary lays,outer ectoderm and
inner endoderm
?radial symmetry
Class Hydromedusae
Class Scyphomedusae
§ 5.1 Morphology
Hydromedusae
External features
?Form,polypoid and medusoid
?Morphology
– umbrella,exumbrella and subumbrella
?Velum and pseudovelum
?Manubrium and mouth lips
?Tenacle,marginal and oral tentacles
?Nematocyst：
– morphology,operculum,capsule and thread
– classification
Internal features
?Gastrovascular System：
gastrovascular-cavity
?Muscular System,radial and circular fibers
?Nervous and Sensory Cell：
– nerve net
– ganglion cell
– neurosecretory cell
√ Sensory Organ
– pigment cell
– statocyst,
– open marginal vesicle
– closed marginal vesicle
– free marginal sensoty club
– enclosed marginal sensoty club
?Reproduction：
– dioecious,gonads situated on the radial
canals or inside stomach
§ 5.2 Class Hydromedusae
Hydromedusae
?>2000 species,6 orders：
– velum
– presence or absence ocelli and statocysts
– position of gonads
– type of life cycle
(一 ) Order Anthomedusae
?本目有 22科，介绍常见 4个科。
– 1,Family Tubulariidae
? Euphysora
– 2,Family Bougainvilliidae
? Koellikerina
– 3,Fmaily Velellidae,one genus,one species
– 4,Family Randeidae
? Leuckartiara 厦门隔膜水母
（二） Order Leptomedusae
?本目 12科，我国记录 9科，介绍常见 4科。
– 1,Family Campanulariidae:
? Phialidium,P,chengshanense
? Obelia
– 2,Family Eirenidae:
? Eirene
– 3,Family Eutimidae
? Eutima
– 4,Family Aequoreidae
? Aequorea
（三） Order Limnomedusae
?本目共 4科。
– Family Moerisiidae
? Tiaricodon
（四） Order Trachymedusae:
?Family Geryoniidae:
Liriop,L,tetraphylla
?Family Rhopalonematidae
Aglaura,A,hemistoma
（五） Order Narcomedusae
?Family Aeginidae:
– Solmundella bitentaculata
– Aegina citrea
（六） Order Siphonophora
?Specialized group of medusae with
polymorphic colony
Morphology of Siphonophora
?Modified medusoid and polypoid inviduals：
– Polypoid zooids：
? gastrozooids；
? dactylozooids；
? gonozooids；
– Medusoid forms：
? nectophore；
? pneumatophore；
? gonophore；
? bract；
Classification of Siphonophora:
?Suborder Disconanthae, Family Porpitidae
?Suborder Cystonectae,Family Physaliidae：
?Suborfer Physonectae,Family Agalmidae
Agalma elegans
?Suborder Calysophorae, Family Diphyidae
– Diphyes
– Muggiaea
§ 5.3 Class Scyphomedusae
一,Morphology
（一） 外部形态
?Lappet
?Sense Organs：
rhopalium,ocelli
?Oral arms：
?附属物：感觉功能。
?生殖下穴：
?Marginal Tentacles,solid or hollow
（二） 内部形态：
?Digest system；
?Gastrovascular system：
?Nervous system and sense organs：
?Reproduction,diovcious
二,Clasification
1 Key to Class Scyphomedusae
1 Cubical umbrella form.................................Cubomedusae
Umbrella not cubical form...........……….........……...…..2
2 Exumbrella with a circular,coronal furrow....Coronatae
Exumbrella without a furrow.........…........……………...3
3 Oral arms free.............................................Semaeostomeae
Oral arms fused.............................................Rhizostomeae
§ 5.4 Biology and Significance
Biology
（一） Distribution
?Cold water species,Cyanea capillata
?Warm water species,Aglaura
hemistoma,Velella velella,Porpita
porpita,Physalia physalia etc.
?Coastal species,many species of
Anthomedusae,Leptomedusae,
Limnomedusae,Semaeostomeae and
Rhizostomeae
（二） Feeding habits
（三） Reproduction
?dioecious without sexual dimorphism
– 1 sexual cells；
– 2 fertilization；
– 3 development;
（四） Life cycle：
?Alternation of generations：
– zygote → blastula → planular larva →
attachment → hydranth
?Without alternation of generations：
Significance
?Beneficial
– Fisheries
– Medical use
?Harmful
