2?t bt?vD ? ?c  ?  g? ? 2?t bt?vD ? 3.1  g? ?? ? ? 3.2 c? ?÷¥ g? ? ? 3.3 ??? , ? ? 3.4 ??E F ? ? 3.5 ? ?f ?# ?? ,? 2?t bt?vD a b 1 R 4 R2 R ? + 1 E S I a b 6   1 1’ 6   2 2’ 2?t bt?vD  g? ? N i 1 i m i j + + + + - - - - u 2 u 1 u m u j ' 1 T 1 T 2 T ' 2 T m T ' m T j T ' j T [ ] T m tutututu )()()()( 21 L= [ ] T m titititi 21 )()()()( L= 2?t bt?vD ?31  g? ?? ? Ba g? ?? ,? ? a g? ?¥ Y? ?Z? I 1 I k U 1 U k 1 k 1' k' I 2 I m N 2 2' U 2 m m' U m 2?t bt?vD )(1 2211 2211 222221212 112121111 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = = = +++++= +++++ +++++ +++++ mmmkmkmmm mkmkkkkkk mmkk mmkk UyUyUyUyI UyUyUyUyI UyUyUyUyI UyUyUyUyI LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL  ^? , ? ?Z? I= Y U 2?t bt?vD I= Y U ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = mmmkmm kmkkkk mk mk yyyy yyyy yyyy yyyy LL LLLLLL LL LLLLLL LL LL 21 21 222221 111211 Y  ^? ,? ? ? Y? ? ? 2?t bt?vD aY? ?¥ p |  g kE ;~1: ; ~1: 1: ,0 ~ mjmk U I y jl mlU l j k jk ≠ = = ?o^? ?μ y kj = y jk  ?Qo^? ?μ y kj = – y jk y kj ^ g j @F?êèa÷ ? g ?? ¤ f ?/  g k¥è @9' ^ g j a kW¥M? ,b 2. Z?h ?d gM E 1: ,0 ~ kj mjU j k k kk U I y ≠ = = ? g ?? ¤ 2?t bt?vD ˉ?| ^"dE L?  ˉ?¨?=c ??l¥ˉ?| ^   g| ^ (i1 ó? , O g| ^è @Z_? gè @??¥Z_Bá  | ^I|5 g| ^a =?| ^ O g| ^? g ¨QI| [ ] bm× = 0 01E V7 gè @ = E 0 I b b  1 V| ^è @? ?ê m? g| ^è @?l B? m?b¨ ? ?ê? 2?t bt?vD  ^? ,? ? ? Y¥w? U S ' =[-U 1 , 0, 0, …, 0] T =[-1, 0, 0, …, 0] T ( Y¥? 1  ) = E 0 I b (2) ? ú I S '=0 I b = Y b ( U b –U S ') +I S '=Y b U b –Y b U S ' ( Y¥? 1  ) = E 0 Y b U b –E 0 Y b U S ' = E 0 Y b A T U n – E 0 Y b U S ' ? U n = Y n 1 J n = Y n 1 AY b U S ' ?( Y¥? 1  ) = E 0 Y b A T Y n 1 AY b U S ' –E 0 Y b U S '(3) 2?t bt?vD ] ? 7 U S "=[0, -U 2 , 0, …, 0] T =[0, -1, 0, …, 0] T ( Y¥? 2  ) = E 0 Y b A T Y n -1 AY b U S " – E 0 Y b U S " [] Tm SS 0 )( ' E 0 1 ?= ? ? ? ? ? ? ?=00UU LL b?m Y = E 0 Y b E 0 T –E 0 Y b A T Y n 1 AY b E 0 T Y = E 0 Y b E 0 T –E 0 Y b A T (AY b A T ) 1 AY b E 0 T (4) 2?t bt?vD  ?o^? ? Y b 1? ? V 7 D= E 0 Y b A T μ D T =AY b T E 0 T =AY b E 0 T  ? Y = E 0 Y b E 0 T –DY n 1 D T (5)  ? g? ?ò? fM ó?1i ób ?i ó -aò g? ? ( ?@ gHq5 Y = Y A + Y B  ?μB? , t¤  g 5 V5| ?M ?Ka ? g ??¥ Y?Lê? @F ?? ,′b  ? gi ó¥? ,M ?a ˉí? ,D g1 ó 5 VYVF1B? RèE?B? RèE ?3 %b 2?t bt?vD =a g? ?¥ 7 ^E F? ? a g? ?¥ 7 ^E F? ?Z? I 1 I k U 1 U k 1 k 1' k' I 2 I m N 2 2' U 2 m m' U m )1( 2211 2211 222221212 112121111 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = = = = +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ mmmkmkmmm mkmkkkkkk mmkk mmkk IIIIzU IIIIzU IIIIzU IIIIzU zzz zzz zzz zzz LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL m g? ?¥ 7 ^E F? ?Z? 2?t bt?vD U=ZI ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = mmmkmm kmkkkk mk mk zzzz zzzz zzzz zzzz LL LLLLLL LL LLLLLL LL LL 21 21 222221 111211 Z 7 ^E F? ? ? Z? ? ? 2?t bt?vD  g kE ;~1: ; ~1: , 1: ,0 ~ mjmk I I U z jl ml l j k jk ≠ = = ?o^? ?μ z kj = z jk ?Qo^? ?μ z kj = – z jk aZ? ?¥ p | z kj ^ g j @F?êè @÷ ? g ?? 7 ^ f ?/  g k¥èa9' ^ g j a kW¥ME Fb 1: ,0 ~ kj mj j k k kk I I U z ≠ = = k-? g ?? 7 ^  Z?h ?d gM E 2?t bt?vD ˉ?| ^"dE  ˉ?¨?=c ??l¥ˉ?| ^  1 ó ?? g¥E F L= o?íμ?Y V5M<' ! gí1 ó? ,KaF ? g 1 óE F?¥??  i ó? g¥? ,B ? g| ^ O g| ^ |  è @Z_ gèaZ_Q-  | ^I|5 g| ^a =?| ^ O g| ^? g ¨QI| 5) [] bm× = 0 01E 2?t bt?vD 7 ^E F? ? ? Z¥w? I S '=[I 1 , 0, 0, …, 0] T =[1, 0, 0, …, 0] T ( Z¥? 1  ) = E 0 ( – U b ) (2) ? ú U S '= 0 U b = A T U n = A T Y n 1 J n = A T Y n 1 (-AI S ) ( Z¥? 1  ) = E 0 A T Y n 1 AI S '(3) ] ? 7 I S "=[0, I 2 , 0, …, 0] T =[0, 1, 0, …, 0] T ( Z¥? 2  ) = E 0 A T Y n 1 AI S " Z = E 0 A T Y n 1 AE 0 T (4) 2?t bt?vD  ? g? ?ò? gèaMF ?11 ób ?1 ó -aò g? ? ( ?@ gHq5 Z = Z A + Z B  ?μBE F1¤  g 5 V5 | ?M ?Ka? g ??¥ Z ?Lê? @F ?E F′b 2?t bt?vD ?a g? ?¥?? ? a g? ?¥ H? ?Z? I 1 I k U 1 U k 1 k 1' k' I 2 I m N 2 2' U 2 m m' U m )1( 1 1 ,11 ,1 1 1 ,1 ,111 ,11 21 1 ,221212 11 1 ,111111 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = = = = ++++ ++ +++ +++++ +++++ ++ + ++++++ ++ ++ mmmqq,qmqmqmm mmq qq,qqqqqqq mmqq,qqq mmqq,qqq UUIIhI U UIIhI UUIIhU UUIIhU hhh h hh hhh hhh LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL L L LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL LL ? ? ?Z? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 1 2 1 2221 1211 2 1 U I H U I HH HH I U ?? ? ? H? ? ? 2?t bt?vD 2?t bt?vD aH? ?¥ p |  g kE - q? g?1 B ? g a m-q? g?1 = ? g b YVB ? gS 7 ^ ka= ? gS ^ k Vs Y¤ H 11 aH 22 aH 12 aH 21 ¥í íb B ? g¥ z?E F1 ; ~1: , qjk I U h j j k jk  = ? g ?? ^ ^"?¥B ? g ?? 7= = ? g¥ z?? ,1 ; ~1: mqjk k j k jk U I h +=  ^"? ¥= ?  g ? ? B ? g ?? 7 ^ 2?t bt?vD B ? g= ? g¥Mèa11 ; ~1: ; ~1: , mqj qk j j k jk U U h + = ^"?¥= ? g ?? B ? g ?? 7 ^ B ? g= ? g¥Mè @11 ; ~1: ; ~1: , qj mqk j j k jk I I h + = = ? g ?? ^ ^"?¥B ? g ?? 7 ·o^? ? H 11 = H 11 T  H 22 = H 22 T  H 12 = –H 21 T ·Qo^? ? H 11 = –H 11 T  H 22 = –H 22 T  H 12 = –H 21 T 2?t bt?vD  Z?h ?d gM E ˉ?| ^"dE 1) ˉ?¨?=c ??l¥ˉ?| ^ 2)5M ? 1¤?B ? g¥E F (o3 H 11 M?¥? ê?F ?E F′ )? i¤?= ? g¥? , (o3 H 22 M?¥?ê?F ?? ,′ ) 3)i ó?B ? g¥? ,1 ó?= ? g¥E F (B ? g| ^ O g| ^ | è @Z_ gèaZ _Q-  | ^I|5B ? g| ^a= ? g| ^ =? | ^ O g| ^?  ? gQ? ¨QI| 2?t bt?vD [] ? ? ? ? ? ? == × 02 01 0 E E 01E bm  q m-q b-m E 01 =[ 100] q E 02 =[ 010] (m-q) T bn T b T b T n T b T bn T T n T - - 02 1 02 020222 01 1 0221 02 1 0112 01 1 0111 EAYYAYEEYEH AEYAYEH EAYYAEH AEYAEH ? ? ? ? = = = = ? ? ? ? ? ? = 2221 1211 HH HH H 2?t bt?vD 1aò? ?¥oD Z = Y –1  Y = Z –1  ?Z?3?¥yM  V¤  ?D ?? H1Y U 1 = H 11 I 1 + H 12 U 2 I 2 = H 21 I 1 + H 22 U 2 I 1 = H 11 -1 U 1 –H 11 -1 H 12 U 2 I 2 = H 21 H 11 -1 U 1 +( H 22 –H 21 H 11 -1 H 12 )U 2 2?t bt?vD Y 11 = H 11 -1 Y 12 = H 11 -1 H 12 Y 21 = H 21 H 11 -1 Y 12 = H 22 –H 21 H 11 -1 H 12  g? ? =?c? ?è÷ H ??) ? ;$ ?3-2 c? ?÷¥ g? ? Bac÷ g¥ v?rè ^ U  Y I SC I a b U  A I a b  g ^ H¥ gè @1 I 0 = –I SC ( ?¨ I 0 ?V U5  m?è @÷¥Z_?/ )c÷? gZ?1 I = YU– I SC = YU+ I 0 2?t bt?vD 2?t bt?vD I 0 = [I 01 I 02 …I 0 k …I 0 m ] T 5 c÷ gZ?1 I = YU+ I 0 U 1  1' 1 I 1 I 01 2 2' I 02 I 2 Y I 0k I k k k' U 2  U k  m m' I m I 0m U m  í÷ g¥ ^? , ? 2?t bt?vD =ac÷ g¥z? 2?rè ^ U 0 = [U 01 U 02 …U 0 k …U 0 m ] T 5 c÷ gZ?1 U = + U 0 ZI U 01  I 1 1 1'  U 0k I k k U 1  U 02  I 2 2 2' U k  k' Z  U 0k I m m m' U m  U 2  í÷ g¥ ^? , ? ?ac÷ g¥??rè ^ ! -q? g 7 ^aa m-q? g ^ Hc÷ gá 3¥ - q? g¥ 7 ^èa_ Da m-q? g¥  ^è @_ sY1 U 01 = [U 01 U 02 …U 0 q ] T I 02 = [I 0, q +1 I 0, q +2 …I 0 m ] T 5 c÷ gZ?1 U 1 = H 11 I 1 + H 12 U 2 + U 01 I 2 = H 21 I 1 + H 22 U 2 + I 02 H 11 aH 12 aH 21 aH 22 1í÷ g¥?? ? ?¥ 4?0 ?b 2?t bt?vD 2?t bt?vD U 1  1  U 0 ,q+1 I q+1 q+1 q +1 ' I 1 U q+1  1' I 01 2 I 2 H  U 0m I m m I 02 m' 2' U 2  U m  2?t bt?vD 3 1üm U (a) ? U¥ 1 ? ??TB? ? g èaaè @1"1 C g???-W¤B? 1$¥èEi??m (b) ? U¥ ? g k p ?¥ Y? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ?? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3 2 1 3 2 1 412 162 215 U U U I I I N 1 1 I 2 3 4 1 U 2 I 3 I 2 U 3 U )(a N 1 1 I 2 3 4 1 U + ? 2 U + ? 2 I 1 R )(b 2?t bt?vD 3-39 ?m U ? g? ?¥?? ?? 7 ^E F? ?b X? R 1 = 10$  R 2 = 20$  L = 2mH C = 10 pFb '1 '2 1 2 1 R 2 R 1 C 1 L i i 2?t bt?vD ?3-3  ? ?¥??? , ? (Indefinite admittance matrix )IAM ??? , ? ^B?¤?<W?¨¥  ? ? M ? ?1"¥ í ?b ù?il ??? , ? ^ù? ? ???+? ¥μrZE V¨ ?3 %? ?f ?¥9 ?# sb?? ?¥μ÷? ?¥sb ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? mmmmm m m m U U U yyy yyy yyy I I I M L MMMM L L M 2 1 21 22221 11211 2 1 I=Y i U Ba??? , ?¥?lD?é I 1 I 2 I m U 1 U 2 N U m m’ ??? , ? mpkpU U I y p k j jk , ,2 ,1 , ,0 L=≠= = ??? , ? ü ^ ? ?¥ ^? , ? 2?t bt?vD 2?t bt?vD ?é 1 Y i ¥ ?B í í-?1 , £ 7 U k ?0; U p = 0 p =1, 2, …, m p?k )(0 11 21 ∑∑ == =+++= m j m p jkkkmkkkp yUUyyyI KCL L ? b 0 1 = ∑ = m j jk y ?é 2 Y i ¥ ?B?í í-?1 , ?é 1??é 29?1 ,??é?N¤ det Y i = 0y7| Y i ?1??? , ?b 2?t bt?vD £ 7 U k ?0; I p = 0 p =1, 2, …, m p?k 5?<l KCL 0 ,1 =?= ∑ ≠= m kjj jk II O N =?;í? ?÷? ^ ?Y¥ ?U 1 = U 2 =…=U k =…=U m ?0 = I j = y j1 U 1 + y j2 U 2 +…+y jm U m ∑ = = m l jlk yU 1 V7 0 1 = ∑ = m l jl y  j =1, 2, …, m . 2?t bt?vD 2 2 1 1 222221 111211 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? mm km mk kk m k m k mk mk y y y y y y y y yyyy yyyy M LL M LL MM MMMM LL LL 2?t bt?vD ?é 3 det Y i ¥ ??B¨} ??0 TM? (??y0+? ) det Y i = y j1 ? j1 + y j2 ? j2 + …+ y jm ? jm = 0 ? 0 1 = ∑ = m l jl y y j1 = – ( y j2 + y j2 + … + y jm ) ?det Y i = y j2 (? j2 –? j1 ) + y j3 (? j3 –? j1 ) +…+ y jm (? jm –? j1 )?0 j =1, 2, …, m y jk ( k =1, 2, …, m) ? ?? jk = ? j1 , j =1, 2, …, m, k =1, 2, …, m detY i ¥ ?B?¥B¨} ??0 TM? 2?t bt?vD ?? Z 7] ? V£ det Y i ¥ ?B ¥B¨} ?? 0 TM? b det Y i ¥ ?μB¨} ??0 TM? ? ?B?? j1 05 Y i 9 V[¨"dE°4E  Y i =A a Y b A a T 9<1 ó ? | ^? , ? k¨°4E m Uè ^¥??? , ? Y i g m U 13 ? ?è é G 1 G 3 G 4 G 5 G 2 g m (U n1 –U n3 )1? @_è ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ++??? ?++?? ??++? ???++ 543453 442 0 2 5511 321321 GGGGGG G m gGG m gG G m gGG m gG GGGGGG i Y 3 è ?@ ,? ?é 2?t bt?vD 2?t bt?vD ?é??E¥ ±X? ?¨??? ? , ?¥ p3 (? ?9< )b Btíq Y i ¥ D o? í  ?XMa  eH1 óμ? , y 0 ¥ ?XMa  2?t bt?vD p q y 0 n s t ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ?? ?? ?? ?? 0 2 0 2 00 0 2 0 2 00 0000 0000 ynynnyny ynynnyny nynyyy nynyyy t s q p tsqp i Y a i b i 2?t bt?vD =a??? , ?¥ ?   0¤1  0 k¤1M?? Y i ? ?? k?? k '??[?? k1? I??¥?? , ? Y d  Q- ?¨ Y i ¥ ,?? é V? Y d ZL1¤? Y i b   ? ?i ó Y i = Y iA + Y iB μr?ù5 AaB ? ?e5¥ 0 ??] V?  ??? ? ?? Aoμ??? , 2?t bt?vD  0 ^?i i | Y i ?àF??¥ 0¥?? sYMF?F? 0¥?¥?? b ? ? è é g è  p??? , ? Y i   p?aéi a¥??? , ? Y i '   |i a¥ 0¤1 p Y i " b 2?t bt?vD 3 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? 00 00 00 00 )1 gg gg gg gg i Y 2) ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? 0 0 0 ' ' ' gg gg gg i è ? ? è?? Y ? ?' è g 3) ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? 0 0 " g g i è ? è? Y ? g? ?¥ ^? , ? 2?t bt?vD  0 7 ^ l ê (terminal contraction) '|? ??¥ t 0D?è ^ 7 P-?1? ? ¥ =???b ?t 0¥è @1 , ?t 0¥èa?CZ??b | à 7 ^ l ê¥ 0M bB  ?a ? 5? ? 0M ?"s vaZ?M1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? == ? ? ? ? ? ? = 2 1 2221 1211 2 1 U U YY YY UY I I I i 2?t bt?vD ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? == ? ? ? ? ? ? = 2 1 2221 1211 2 1 U U YY YY UY I I I i ?? I 2 = 0} ?  Tih ? U 2 ¤ I 1 =(Y 11 –Y 12 Y 22 1 Y 21 ) U 1 ' 0 7 ^ l êa¥??? , ?1 Y i1 = Y 11 –Y 12 Y 22 1 Y 21 7 ^ l ê ?g a¨??? , ? 2?t bt?vD ?a??? , ?¨?scb¥μ÷? ? ? p? ?f ? cb?μ÷? ?¥? ês ? ?¥ 2 ùDíBμs?b  ? I 1 I 2 I m U 1 U 2 U m (m+1) L ?? ? N ‘ (íb? ?? ? ) I a I b a b j 2?t bt?vD   N ' ¥?? , ? Y d  2)aab′ ^ U a = U b | Y d ¥? b F?? a i ÷ ?? b   ′ ^ I a = I b =0?@F  ?d ,í í  ÷ ?b aZ? B?7b { è @ I j | % ???è ^¥? ??^? ? Y E ¥? K?b ? “ ”  “” ' ?μB X¤15?°¤ ÷ ? 6B ¥ b 2?t bt?vD pm Uè ^¥Mèa1 U o  U i b U i  è ? ? é ê G 1 G 2 G 3 C 1 C 2 ? +  U 0  è 3 ê¤1 Oíb? ?¥?? , ?1 2?t bt?vD ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = +?? ?+? ??+++? ? 2323 2222 3213211 11 0 0 00 sCGsCG sCsCGG GGsCGGGG GG d Y ? ??è a?é?¤ s? ?? ?¥?? , ?1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ?? ?+++? ? 22 313211 11 0 0 sCG GsCGGGG GG d Y 2?t bt?vD 1  7 ^ l ê 0?5×? ?? ?/ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = +++?? ?? ? 132131 22 11 0 0 sCGGGGG GsC GG d ? è ? ?è? Y 7 ^ l ê 0?¤ Y i1 = Y 11 –Y 12 Y 22 1 Y 21 2?t bt?vD [] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = +++ ?++?? +++ ? +++ ? +++ ++ ?? +++ ? ? ? 3211 32321221 2 3211 21 3211 31 3211 312111 31 1321 2 1 )( 1 2 1 0 0 GGGsC GGGGGsCCCs GGGsC GG GGGsC GG GGGsC GGGGGsC GG sCGGG G G sC G ??e ? g? ? ??μ  ¥ f?  ? Y i1 '1 ? ? g? ?¥ Y? ? ? 32321221 2 21 22 210 )( GGGGGsCCCs GG y y U U i ?++? ? =?= 2?t bt?vD ?3-4  ? ?¥??E F ? 2?t bt?vD 3-2 ?¨??? , ?ZE9 ?m U= g? ?¥ ^? ,? ?b 1 '1 '2 2 1 R 1 C 2 C 2 R 3-4 ?¨??? , ?ZE£ üm U ? g? ?¥ ^? , ?1 ? ? ? ? ? ? +++++++? ++?+++++ = )1422)(12()12)(1( )12)(1()16684)(1( )( 1 234 234 sssssss sssssss sp Y 271818124)( 2345 +++++= ssssssp T? 2?t bt?vD '1 '2 2 1 1 R 2 R 3 R 3 C 2 C 1 C 1 L 2 L 2?t bt?vD ?3.1 k?·m ? U¥μ÷= g? ?¥ v?r è ^b U 1  1 1' 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 4A 2 2' U 2  ?3.2 ¨??? , ?¥ZE ??m U ? g¥  ^? ,  ? pèaMf ?  )( )( 1 2 sU sU ? 1$ è 1F é 2$ ? 1 2 ' ' 2$ 10u R 1$ u 1  u 2  u R  N 1 2 3 ?3.3 ¨??? , ?ZE pm Uè ^¥èaMf ?  !ó? C=1F )()( 12 sUsU ?== 1 21 RR ?= 5.0 3 R  C R 1 R 2 C R 3 ? u 1  u 2  2C 2?t bt?vD ?3.4 m U ? ? ?[ 31  ?= g  Y? ? ?1  p[  ? 01  H=  g¥ Y? ? ?b [ ] 242 22 Y +? ?+ = S S ? ?f ? ^ í ?L? H?M? ? { ? {1"¥ˉ ?×f ?b ?3-5 ? ?f ?# ?? ,? ??? B? ?f ? H ?T? ?e S ?1 ,5 V[¨? ?f ??X?¥ { ?°¤ p {7?Aü Vy ?? p3? ?Z?¥??b??ZE?1 { ? {Eb N  g ? ? )(te 1 )(te 2 )(te q )(tr 1 )(tr 2 )(tr q 2?t bt?vD 2?t bt?vD Ba? ?f ??l (1) )()()()()()()( 2211 sEsHsEsHsEsHsR qjqjjj +++= L )( )( )( sE sR sH k j jk = )(sEk " ? ? ??? ,  2 ? jY? r j (t) ¥`f ? E k (s) )(k=1,2,…,q)1  ? e k (t)¥`f ? q1 ?÷ ? H jk (s)(k=1,2,…,q) ^V? , ?Y?`f ? ? ?`f ?-W1"¥ˉ ?M  s¥f ? L? H?M? ??B ?÷T¨/ , B , ?Y?¥ `f ?D ?`f ?-1?1 ? ?f ? b 2?t bt?vD (3) )( )( )( 0 0 01 1 1 01 1 1 ∑ ∑ = = ? ? ? ? = ++++ ++++ == k k m i i i n n n n m m m m k sa sb asasasa bsbsbsb sD sN sH L L B? f ?/ nm ≤ (4) )( )( )( 1 1 ∏ ∏ = = ? ? = n k k m i i ps zs ksH =a? ?f ?¥ ,a? ? ?f ? H(s)¥ ,? ? ?f ? H(s)¥? 1 èy0 ? ?f ?¥?? ,?ˉ ü ? ¥s?m?1  ,m ?aa ,?¥s?D? ?¥ ?+?a× ?+? ¥1" 1a ?+? (5) )()()( sEsHsR = ! ?f ?1?ê  f ? ( (t) ? ?á 3¥ , ? Y?1 Y? h(t)b [ ][])()()( tLsHthL δ×= [ ])()( thLsH = [ ] 1)( =tL δ 2?t bt?vD ? ?f ???M?¥  Y?¥ ? ? ? fMD T (6) 11 1 ∑∑ == ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = n k tp k n k k k k eA ps A L (7) )()())(( )())(( )()( 121 21 nkkkkk mkkk pskk pppppppp zpzpzp k sHpsA k ???? ??? = ?= ? = LL L 1  I3 B Y? VYV9 ?M?? ?f ? é? ? ? ? fQMD ? p¤' [])()( 1 sHLth ? = ? ?f ?¥ ?B? p k (k=1,2, …n) %? Y?¥ Y ??¥B[ A k e pkt ¥· ? p k ty7 %?   H×o?b 2?t bt?vD 2?t bt?vD p k 1μ L ? H?¥ Y?[1· ? ?ho? ? p k ? p k+1 1 μμ L?¥ aˉ ?5 %?  Y??cμB ?h??o? ?T? ?f ?cμ? L?¥?V ü Y??c μ ? HW7íK9é¥o5"d ^?×?¥b ? ? ?è ^s ? ? t>0 H- Y? L1 t=0 H  f ? ? ?á 3¥ d , S ? T¨/¥ , { ?Y?# B? ?M  , { ?Y?¥M?? pD M1 Y? t>0¥M?? p? ?M]byN ? ?f ? ?B?9 %? μ1? ?¥ , { ?Y?? ¥B[¥o?B?? p k ?? ?? ?M ¥B ? 1 ? ? q s k = p k 2?t bt?vD (7) )()())(( )())(( )()( 121 21 nkkkkk mkkk pskk pppppppp zpzpzp k sHpsA k ???? ??? = ?= ? = LL L ? ?f ?¥ ?? ,?a?[#1 èy0 k ] %? Y? ?[¥" ? A k (k=1,2, …n)b 9-? %? Y?¥o?7 Y?¥? vl5?a ,? ] %?b '? ?f ?¥? ? ,? %? ? ?¥1 ? ?+?b 2?t bt?vD 2a× ?+? 7? ?f ? H(s)?¥ s=j< ?×? ?f ? H(j< ) ( ) )( )( ω? ωω j ejHjH = ? ? q1 < ¥??è÷ ?/ B??× ?Y?M D?? ?M -1 H(j< )¥  ? < M?¥? p?1 H(j< )¥? ?+? H(j< )¥?? , ? < M?¥? p?1 H(j< )¥ M ?+? ? ?+??M ?+?d?1 ? q+?V?  ? ?¥× ?Y?+?b u s (t) R L C i(t) + - 1a? ?¥ ? qY?D? ?f ?¥a ,?-W¥1" (8) 1 1 1 1 2 LC s L R s s L sC sLR sY sU sI sH s ++ ?= ++ === )( )( )( )( 2 0 2 1 2 22 2 2 0 2 1 2 22 1 1 )( )( 0 ωαα ωαα ???=???= ?+?=?+?= = LCL R L R LCL R L R p p z L R 2 =α LC 1 0 =ω 2?t bt?vD 2?t bt?vD 5 ! o ωα < )9( 2 0 1 2 ajjp d ωααωα +?=?+?= )9( 2 0 2 2 bjjp d ωααωα ??=???= 0 ωj d jω d jω? σ 1 z α? 1 p 2 p × × o ω 2 0 2 αωω ?= d (10) 22 2 d o ωαω += 2?t bt?vD (8) 1 1 1 1 2 LC s L R s s L sC sLR sY sU sI sH s ++ ?= ++ === )( )( )( )( [][])( )( 1 ))(( 1 )( 21 dd jsjs s Lpsps s L sH ωαωα ???+?? ?= ?? ?= [][] (11) 1 )(( )( d jjjj j L jH d ωαωωαω ω ω ???+?? ?=  ωjs = 7 2?t bt?vD 0 ωj 1 zj ?ω σ 1 z α 1 p 2 p × × 1 pj ?ω 2 pj ?ω 1 d 2 d 1 l 2 θ 1 θ [ ] []1?_ b" ?1 ,?_   )() ()) 2 11 d d jjpj jjpjjzj ωαωω ωαωωωω ???? +??=?=? [][] (11) 1 )( L jH )(( d jjjj j d ωαωωαω ω ω ?= ???+??  2?t bt?vD ) 0 90 11 j elzj =?ω 21 2211 ) ) θθ ωω jj edpjedpj =?=?   )12( 1 )( )21 0 90( 21 1 θθ ω ?? ?= j e dd l L jH )()()( )()( b a dd l L jH 13 90 13 1 21 0 21 1 θθω? ω +?= ?= ? ?f ?¥? ?+??M ?+? V?  ,m °¤ p¤b 2?t bt?vD ?? ?f ?¥ ,m p ? qY?¥B??? n5|? ?f ?s0s 1y?s3? T ()14 )()()( 11 ∏∏ == ??= n k k m i i pszsksH ¤ió  ,m 7 ,ωjs = ()15 )()()( 11 ∏∏ == ??= n k k m i i pjzjkjH ωωω ( ) ¤??_ _  ¥ ,? ,m ?M?s0as ¤ ?By T?? T ),,,,(),,,,( nkedmiel k k i i jj LL 2121 15 == θα ()16 11 ∏∏ == = n k j k m i j ki i edeljH θα ω)( 2?t bt?vD ?N¤?¨?_ a ,?_ ¥é??? ?V U ? ?f ?¥? ??M ?+?¥Vr T ()adlKjH n k k m i i 17 11 ∏∏ == =)( ω ()b m i i 17 - n 1k k 1 ∑∑ == = θαω? )( Ka 7 < ? 0_?9F? [   TL V ??? ? f ?¥? ?+??M ?+?b 8  ? ?? ?f ?¥a ,? s ü ? ¤s? f ? ?? %? ? ?¤1 ? ?+?7 O9 %? ? ? ¤× ?Y?+?b 2?t bt?vD ? ?c ( g? ? ? )1? Ba g¥¥ ^? ,? ? 1.Y? ?Z? _ ? T I= YU T? IaU 1 gM  Y 1 ^? ,? ? ?b 2.Y? ?¥ p |   g kE ;~1: ; ~1: , 1: ,0 ~ mjmk U I y jl mlU l j k jk ≠ = =  Z?h ?d gM E  ˉ?| ^"dE Y = E 0 Y b E 0 T –E 0 Y b A (AY b A T ) 1 AY b E 0 T T? [] bm× = 0 01E O ! g| ^ (i1 ó? , O g| ^ | è @Z_ gèaZ_Q- | ^I|5 g| ^ a =?| ^ O g| ^? g ¨QI| ?μB? , t¤  g 5 V5| ?M ?Ka? g ? ?¥ Y?Lê? @F ?? ,′ ? gi ó ¥? ,M ?a ˉí? ,D g1 ó5 VYVF1B ? RèE?B? RèE ?3 %b 2?t bt?vD =a g¥¥ 7 ^E F? ?  g? ?¥ Z? ?Z? U= ZI T? Z ?1 7 ^E F? ? ?b 2.Z? ?¥ p |   g kE ;~1: ; ~1: , 1: ,0 ~ mjmk I I U z jl ml l j k jk ≠ = = 2?t bt?vD 2?t bt?vD  Z?h ?d gM E  ˉ?| ^"dE Z = E 0 A T Y n 1 AE 0 T T? [ ] bm× = 0 01E O !i ó? g¥? ,B ? g| ^ O g| ^ | è @Z_ gèaZ_Q- | ^I|5  g| ^a =?| ^ O g| ^? g ¨QI | ?μBE F1¤  g 5 V5| ?M ? Ka? g ??¥ Z?Lê? @F ?E F′b 2?t bt?vD ?a g? ?¥?? ?  g? ?¥ H? ?Z? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 1 2 1 2221 1211 2 1 U I H U I HH HH I U 2.H? ?¥ p |   g kE B ? g¥ z?E F1 ; ~1: , qjk I U h j j k jk  = ? g ?? ^ ^"?¥B ? g ?? 7 = 2?t bt?vD = ? g¥ z?? ,1 ; ~1: , mqjk k j k jk U I h +=  ^"?¥= ? g ?? B ? g ?? 7 ^ B ? g= ? g¥Mèa11 ; ~1: ; ~1: , mqj qk j j k jk U U h + = ^"?¥= ? g ?? B ? g ?? 7 ^ B ? g= ? g¥Mè @11 2?t bt?vD ; ~1: ; ~1: , qj mqk j j k jk I I h + = = ? g ?? ^ ^"?¥B ? g ?? 7  Z?h ?d gM E  ˉ?| ^"dE T bn T b T b T n T b T bn T T n T - - 02 1 02 020222 01 1 0221 02 1 0112 01 1 0111 EAYYAYEEYEH AEYAYEH EAYYAEH AEYAEH ? ? ? ? = = = = 2?t bt?vD T? q m-q b-m E 01 =[ 100] q E 02 =[ 010](m-q) O !5M ?1¤?B ? g¥E F (o3 H 11 M ?¥?ê?F ?E F′ )?i¤?= ? g¥ ? , (o3 H 22 M?¥?ê?F ?? ,′ ) i ó?B ? g¥? ,1 ó?= ? g¥E F (B ? g| ^ O g| ^ | è @Z_ gèa Z_Q- | ^I|5B ? g| ^a= ? g | ^ =?| ^ O g| ^?  ? gQ? ¨ QI| 2?t bt?vD 1ac? ?÷¥ g? ? c÷ g¥ v?rè ^ c÷ g¥z? 2?rè ^ c÷ g¥??rè ^ 2?t bt?vD ?a ? ?¥??? , ? ??? , ?¥?lD?é =??c? ?÷ O , ?¥ m ?1? ? 0è @ Dèa¥1" T1 I=Y i U T? Y i ?1??? , ?b ?é 1 Y i ¥ ?B í í-?1 ,b ?é 2 Y i ¥ ?B?í í-?1 ,b ?é 3 det Y i ¥ ??B¨} ??0 TM?b · ? ?B?? j1 05 Y i 9 V[¨"dE°4 E O"dE? Y i =A a Y b A a T . 2?t bt?vD ??? , ?¥ ? ·  0 k¤1M?? Y i ? ?? k?? k '??[ ?? k1? I??¥?? , ? Y d  Q- ?¨ Y i ¥ , ??é V? Y d ZL1¤? Y i b  ? ?i ó5 Y i = Y iA + Y iB b · 0 ^?i i | Y i ?àF??¥ 0¥ ?? sYMF?F? 0¥?¥?? b · 0 7 ^ l ê (g? 0ì 0 ÷h ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 1 2221 1211 2 1 U U YY YY I I “×? ?? ” 2?t bt?vD “ l ê ” Y i1 = Y 11 –Y 12 Y 22 1 Y 21 7 ^ l ê ?g a¨??? , ? 3.Y i ¨?scb¥μ÷? ?   N ' ¥?? , ? Y d  2)aab′ ^ U a = U b 1|Y d ¥? b F?? a i ÷ ?? b   ′ ^ I a = I b =0?@F  ?d ,í í  ÷ ?b aZ? B?7b { è @ I j | % ???è ^¥? ? 1?^? ? Y d ¥? j?b ? ?    ' ?μB X¤15?°¤ ÷ ? 6B ¥