~ ?yvD ?Dy
? 5 ?
ü
# Z?
~ ?yvD ?Dy
x
y
z
o
0
M
M
?TBd
,_
<°
?B
ü
?_
ü?S
?
ü
￥ EL_
 
EL_
￥ +?  <°?
ü
=￥ ?B_

X? },,,{ CBAn =
r
),,,(
0000
zyxM
!
ü
￥ ?B?1 ),,( zyxM
nMM
r
⊥
0
Aμ
0
0
=?nMM
r
Ba
ü
￥?E
TZ?
n
r
~ ?yvD ?Dy
},,{
0000
zzyyxxMM=Q
0)()()(
000
=?+?+?∴ zzCyyBxxA
ü
￥?E
TZ?
ü
￥??
@
Z??
ü
￥
???
@
Z?
Z??1
ü
￥Z?
ü
?1Z?￥m?
?E_

},,,{ CBAn=
r
X??
).,,(
000
zyx
~ ?yvD ?Dy
è pV ?? )4,1,2(?A a )2,3,1(B
)3,2,0(C ￥
ü
Z?,
3 }6,4,3{=AB
}1,3,2{=AC
|
ACABn ×=
r
},1,9,14{?=
p
ü
Z?1,0)4()1(9)2(14 =++? zyx
e¤,015914 =+ zyx
~ ?yvD ?Dy
è pV? )1,1,1(  O<°?
ü
7=+? zyx
051223 =+?+ zyx ￥
ü
Z?,
},1,1,1{
1
=n
r
}12,2,3{
2
=n
r
|E_

21
nnn
rrr
×=
},5,15,10{=
,0)1(5)1(15)1(10 =?+?+? zyx
e¤,0632 =?++ zyx
p
ü
Z?1
3
~ ?yvD ?Dy
?
ü
￥?E
TZ?
0)()()(
000
=?+?+? zzCyyBxxA
0)(
000
=++?++? CzByAxCzByAx
D=
0=+++ DCzByAx
ü
￥B?Z?
E_
 }.,,{ CBAn=
r
=a
ü
￥B?Z?
~ ?yvD ?Dy
ü
B?Z?￥+?+
y f ?
,0)1( =D
ü
YVUSe?
,0)2( =A
≠
=
,0
,0
D
D
ü
YV à x
ü
ü?? à
x
0,0 == CB
?
1 V)
f?,
,0=B
≠
=
,0
,0
D
D
ü
YV à
y
ü
ü?? à
y
,0=C
≠
=
,0
,0
D
D
ü
YV à
z
ü
ü?? à,
z
~ ?yvD ?Dy
,0)3( == BA
ü
ü?? US
 xoy
?
1 V)
f?,
0,0 ==== CBCA
,0==CA
ü
ü?? US
 zox
,0==CB
ü
ü?? US
,
yoz
? 01=?x
x
y
z
o
1
01=?+ yx
x
y
z
o
1
1
~ ?yvD ?Dy
è
!
ü
Ve?#? )2,3,6(?  OD
ü
824 =+? zyx <° pN
ü
Z?,
!
ü
1,0=+++ DCzByAx
?
ü
Ve??,0=D
?
ü
V? )2,3,6(? ?
0236 =+? CBA
},2,1,4{?⊥n
r
Q 024 =+?∴ CBA
,
3
2
CBA?==?
.0322 =?+ zyx
p
ü
Z?1
3
~ ?yvD ?Dy
è
!
ü
D zyx,, ?àsY?? )0,0,(aP a
)0,,0( bQ a ),0,0( cR 
? 0≠a  0≠b  0≠c 
pN
ü
Z?,
!
ü
1,0=+++ DCzByAx
| ??US} ?¤
=+
=+
=+
,0
,0
,0
DcC
DbB
DaA
,
a
D
A?=,
b
D
B?=,
c
D
C?=
3
~ ?yvD ?Dy
,
a
D
A?=,
b
D
B?=,
c
D
C?=|
} ?
!Z?¤
1=++
c
z
b
y
a
x
ü
￥? 
TZ?
xà
? 
yà
? 
zà
? 
~ ?yvD ?Dy
è p
ü??
ü
0566 =+++ zyx 7D ??U
S
??￥
1
881B??ê￥
ü
Z?,
!
ü
1
,1=++
c
z
b
y
a
x
x
y
z
o
,1=VQ
,1||
2
1
3
1
=?∴ abc
?
p
ü
DX?
ü
ü?¤
,
6
1
1
1
6
1
cba
==

_

ü?￥ 1Hq
3
~ ?yvD ?Dy
,
6
11
6
1
cba
==
e¤
7 t
cba
===
6
11
6
1
,
6
1
t
a =?
,
1
t
b=
,
6
1
t
c =
|
6
11
6
1
|
6
1
1
ttt
=∴
} ?8
T
,
6
1
±=? t
,1,6,1 ±=±=±=∴ cba
.666 ±=++ zyx
p
ü
Z?1
~ ?yvD ?Dy
?l

Yè | ì?
1
π
1
n
r
2
π
2
n
r
θ

ü
E_
-W￥C??1

ü
￥
C?
,0:
11111
=+++ DzCyBxAπ
,0:
22222
=+++ DzCyBxAπ
},,,{
1111
CBAn =
r
},,,{
2222
CBAn =
r
?a

ü
￥C?
~ ?yvD ?Dy
?v
_
C???
Tμ
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
212121
||
cos
CBACBA
CCBBAA
++?++
++
=θ

ü
C???
T

ü
ê?+?
21
)1( ππ ⊥ ;0
212121
=++ CCBBAA
21
)2( ππ //,
2
1
2
1
2
1
C
C
B
B
A
A
==
~ ?yvD ?Dy
è ù?[/òF ú

ü
￥ê?1"
013,012)1( =?+=+?+? zyzyx
01224,012)2( =+?=?+? zyxzyx
02224,012)3( =?++?=+ zyxzyx
3 )1(
22222
31)1(2)1(
|311201|
cos
+++?
×?×+×?
=θ
60
1
cos =θ

ü
M?C?,
60
1
arccos=θ
~ ?yvD ?Dy
)2(
},1,1,2{
1
=n
r
}2,2,4{
2
=n
r
,
2
1
2
1
4
2
=
=

ü
ü?
21
)0,1,1()0,1,1( ππ?∈ MMQ

ü
ü???×
)3(,
2
1
2
1
4
2?
=
=
Q
21
)0,1,1()0,1,1( ππ ∈∈ MMQ

ü
ü?

ü
×,
∴
~ ?yvD ?Dy
è
..073
052
2
1
pN
ü
￥Z??<°
ü

B
ü
Ve? OD
ü
=+
=+?
zyx
zyx
π
π
3EB
02 = zyx'
]
H<°?
ü
y1
p
ü
21
πππ
.//,,
2121
nnnnnnn
rrrrrrr
×⊥⊥ '
[μ
}7,7,14{
131
522
21
=
=×
kji
nn
rrr
rr
7
},1,1,2{=n
r
yN V |
ü
Z?1??E
TZ? V¤
p?Ve?
ü
,π
0)0()0()0(2 = zyx
~ ?yvD ?Dy
E=
02,=∴ zyx
p
ü
Z?1
!
￥Z?1y1
ü
Ve?
[
0=++ CzByAx
<°
[μ?
ü
D
X?
ü
?
,0
1
=?nn
rr
,052 =+? CBA'
,0
2
=?nn
rr
,03 =?+ CBA'
CBCA =?=,2 ?N3¤
~ ?yvD ?Dy
è
! ),,(
0000
zyxP
^
ü
ByAx+ 0=++ DCz
?B? p
0
P?
ü
￥  ?,
π∈? ),,(
1111
zyxP
|Pr|
01
PPjd
n
=
1
P
N
n
r
0
P?
0
0101
Pr nPPPPj
n
=
},,{
10101001
zzyyxxPP=
3
~ ?yvD ?Dy
++++++
=
222222222
0
,,
CBA
C
CBA
B
CBA
A
n
0
0101
Pr nPPPPj
n
=∴
222
10
222
10
222
10
)()()(
CBA
zzC
CBA
yyB
CBA
xxA
++
+
++
+
++
=
,
)(
222
111000
CBA
CzByAxCzByAx
++
++?++
=
~ ?yvD ?Dy
0
111
=+++ DCzByAxQ )(
1
π∈P
=
01
Pr PPj
n
∴
,
222
000
CBA
DCzByAx
++
+++
.
||
222
000
CBA
DCzByAx
d
++
+++
=∴
??
ü
 ?
T
~ ?yvD ?Dy
ü
￥Z?

:
ü
￥+?+
yê?￥Z?

ü
￥C?,
??
ü
￥  ?
T,
?E
TZ?,
B?Z?,
? 
TZ?,

?i

ü
￥ ê? +?
1al2
~ ?yvD ?Dy
± I5
?
ü
02 =?+ zkyx D
ü
032 =+? zyx ￥C?1
4
π
 p?=k
~ ?yvD ?Dy
± I53s
,
1)3(2)2(1
12)3(21
4
cos
222222
+?+++
××+×
=
π
k
k
,
145
3
2
1
2
+
=
k
k
.
2
70
±=? k
~ ?yvD ?Dy
°z A b5
a
ü
0=++ CzByAx AYV@@@@@@@ 
?
 CBA,,? ?1
,  
a
ü
0=++ DCzBy @@@@@@@@@@xà 
a
ü
0=+CzBy @@@@@@@xà 
aYV? )1,0,3(? OD
ü
012573 =?+? zyx
ü
?￥
ü
Z?1@@@@@@@@@ 
aYV ),0,0()0,,0()0,0,( cba aa ??￥
ü
Z
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ 
a
ü
0522 =++? zyx D xoy
￥C???1
@@@@@@@@@@@D yoz
￥C???1@@@@@@@@@@@@
D zox
￥C?￥??1@@@@@@@@@ 
5
~ ?yvD ?Dy
?z ·/
ò
ü
￥+
yê?iò
ü

a 0632 = yx  
a 1=+ zy  
a 056 =?+ zyx 
~z  pV? )2,2,2(,)1,1,1( )2,1,1(? ??￥

ü
Z?
?z  pV? )1,0,1(? O
ü??_
 { }1,1,2=a
 {}0,1,1?=b ￥
ü
Z?
z  pYV zà? )2,1,3( ￥
ü
Z?
áz  pDX?
ü
0522 =+++ zyx
ü? OD
?US
?￥
1
881  ￥
ü
Z
?
~ ?yvD ?Dy
Baa 


  a
ü?? aYV
a 04573 =?+? zyx  a 1=++
c
z
b
y
a
x

a
3
2
,
3
2
,
3
1

=aa
ü?? àz ￥
ü
 a
ü?? àx ￥
ü

aYVe?￥
ü

?a 023 = zyx 
1a 43 =?+ zyx 
?a 03 =+ yx 
Ba
3
3222 =++ zyx 
5s?