1
远程教育的概念
? 与教育的从属关系
– 学前教育、中小学教育、高等教育
– 基础教育、高等教育,(职业教育 )
– 农业教育、工业教育、军事教育、医学教育
– 电影教育、电视教育、网络教育
– 按照教育的组织形式：个别化教学、小组教学、集体
教学
– 按照师生间的空间距离分,?（ face to face)
2
Defining Distance Education
? Distance education is defined as:institution-
based,formal education where the learning
group is separated,and where interactive
telecommunications systems are used to connect
learners,resources,and instructors.There are
four main components to this definition.
– Institution
– Separation of the teacher and student
– Interaction
– Connection
3
? First is the concept that distance education is
institutionally based.(机构化的 \组织化的 ) This is
what differentiates distance education from self-
study,While the institution referred to in this
definition could be a traditional educational school
or college,increasingly there are emerging non-
traditional institutions that offer education to
students at a distance,Businesses,companies,and
corporations are offering instruction at a distance,
Many educators and trainers are advocating the
accreditation of institutions(机构资质认证 ) that
offer distance education to add credibility,
improve quality,and eliminate diploma mills.
（一） Institution
4
（ 二） Separation of the teacher and student
? The second component of the definition of distance
education is the concept of separation of the teacher and
student,Most often,separation is thought of in
geographic terms - teachers are in one location and
students in another,Also implied by the definition is the
separation of teachers and students in time,
? A synchronous distance education means that
instruction is offered and students access it at separate
times,or any time it is convenient to them,Finally,
intellectual separation of teachers and learners is
important,Obviously,teachers have an understanding
of the concepts presented in a course that students may
not possess,In this case the reduction of separation is a
goal of the distance education system.
5
（三） Interaction
? Interactive telecommunications is the third component
of the definition of distance education,Interaction can
be synchronous or asynchronous - at the same time,or
at different times,Interaction is critical,but not at the
expense of content,In other words,it is important that
learners be able to interact with each other,with
resources of instruction,and with their teacher,
However,interaction should not be the primary
characteristic of instruction,but should be available,
commonplace and relevant.
6
（ 四） Connection
? Finally,is the concept of connecting learners,
resources and instructors,This means that there
are instructors that interact with learners and
that resources are available that permit learning
to occur,Resources should be subjected to
instructional design procedures that organize
them into learning experiences that promote
learning,including resources that can be
observed,felt,heard,or completed.
7
? The definition of distance education includes these four
components,If one or more are missing then the event
is something different,if only slightly,than distance
education,It is also important to recognize that
distance education includes both distance teaching and
distance learning,The development,design,
management and evaluation of instruction (Seels and
Richey,1994) fall under the heading of distance
teaching,Utilization of learning experiences
（ resources？ ) is distance learning,According to the
definition of distance education,distance learning is
not possible without distance teaching,
8
? This definition includes communication
with the postal system,as in correspondence
study,and other non-electronic methods for
communication,Obviously,as electronic
telecommunications systems improve and
become more pervasive it is likely that they
will be the mainstay of modern distance
education systems,However,older,less
sophisticated systems of telecommunication
will continue to be important.
9
? The words "telecommunications systems"
implies electronic media,such as television,
telephone,and the Internet,but need not be
limited to only electronic media,
Telecommunications is defined as
"communicating at a distance."
Telecommunication
10
现代远程教育研究的基本内容
发展远程教育的必要性 (为什么发展远程教育）
? 信息社会与远程教育
? 终身学习与远程教育
? 知识经济与远程教育
? 远程教育系统和过程研究（远程教育过程设计的理论
与方法）
? 系统的组成要素与关系
? 远程教育系统与过程的设计
? 学生研究（远程教育中学生学习的特点）
? 学生的特点、学习需求、学习方式等
? 学习过程（成人学习过程研究）
? 媒体与环境研究（学习资源设计）
? 教学媒体与学习资源的设计与开发
? 交互活动研究（交互的形式）
? 教师与学生
? 学生与媒体
11
作业
? 查阅资料，列举三种对远程教育的定义
并分析其共同点和不同点（英文资料与
汉语翻译）,然后对其重新定义。
12
Definitions
? Distance education is a planned and systematic
activity which comprises the choice,didactic
preparation and presentation of teaching materials as
well as the supervision and support of student
learning and which is achieved by bridging the
physical distance between student and teacher by
means of at least one appropriate technical medium.
? Distance education is an educational process in
which someone removed in space and/or time from
the learner conducts a significant proportion of the
teaching.
13
? The U.S,Department of Education’s Office of Educational
Research and Improvement defines distance education as:
?,the application of telecommunications and electronic
devices which enable students and learners to receive
instruction that originates from some distant location.”
14
? Distance education is a method of education in which
the learner is physically separate from the teacher,It
may be used on its own,or in conjunction with other
forms of education,including face-to-face.
– In distance education learners are physically separated from
the institution that sponsors the instruction.
– The teaching/learning contract requires that the student be
taught,assessed,given guidance and,where appropriate,
prepared for examinations that may or may not be
conducted by the institution,
– This must be accomplished by two-way communication,
– Learning may be undertaken individually or in groups; in
either case it is accomplished in the physical absence of the
teacher,
远程教育的概念
? 与教育的从属关系
– 学前教育、中小学教育、高等教育
– 基础教育、高等教育,(职业教育 )
– 农业教育、工业教育、军事教育、医学教育
– 电影教育、电视教育、网络教育
– 按照教育的组织形式：个别化教学、小组教学、集体
教学
– 按照师生间的空间距离分,?（ face to face)
2
Defining Distance Education
? Distance education is defined as:institution-
based,formal education where the learning
group is separated,and where interactive
telecommunications systems are used to connect
learners,resources,and instructors.There are
four main components to this definition.
– Institution
– Separation of the teacher and student
– Interaction
– Connection
3
? First is the concept that distance education is
institutionally based.(机构化的 \组织化的 ) This is
what differentiates distance education from self-
study,While the institution referred to in this
definition could be a traditional educational school
or college,increasingly there are emerging non-
traditional institutions that offer education to
students at a distance,Businesses,companies,and
corporations are offering instruction at a distance,
Many educators and trainers are advocating the
accreditation of institutions(机构资质认证 ) that
offer distance education to add credibility,
improve quality,and eliminate diploma mills.
（一） Institution
4
（ 二） Separation of the teacher and student
? The second component of the definition of distance
education is the concept of separation of the teacher and
student,Most often,separation is thought of in
geographic terms - teachers are in one location and
students in another,Also implied by the definition is the
separation of teachers and students in time,
? A synchronous distance education means that
instruction is offered and students access it at separate
times,or any time it is convenient to them,Finally,
intellectual separation of teachers and learners is
important,Obviously,teachers have an understanding
of the concepts presented in a course that students may
not possess,In this case the reduction of separation is a
goal of the distance education system.
5
（三） Interaction
? Interactive telecommunications is the third component
of the definition of distance education,Interaction can
be synchronous or asynchronous - at the same time,or
at different times,Interaction is critical,but not at the
expense of content,In other words,it is important that
learners be able to interact with each other,with
resources of instruction,and with their teacher,
However,interaction should not be the primary
characteristic of instruction,but should be available,
commonplace and relevant.
6
（ 四） Connection
? Finally,is the concept of connecting learners,
resources and instructors,This means that there
are instructors that interact with learners and
that resources are available that permit learning
to occur,Resources should be subjected to
instructional design procedures that organize
them into learning experiences that promote
learning,including resources that can be
observed,felt,heard,or completed.
7
? The definition of distance education includes these four
components,If one or more are missing then the event
is something different,if only slightly,than distance
education,It is also important to recognize that
distance education includes both distance teaching and
distance learning,The development,design,
management and evaluation of instruction (Seels and
Richey,1994) fall under the heading of distance
teaching,Utilization of learning experiences
（ resources？ ) is distance learning,According to the
definition of distance education,distance learning is
not possible without distance teaching,
8
? This definition includes communication
with the postal system,as in correspondence
study,and other non-electronic methods for
communication,Obviously,as electronic
telecommunications systems improve and
become more pervasive it is likely that they
will be the mainstay of modern distance
education systems,However,older,less
sophisticated systems of telecommunication
will continue to be important.
9
? The words "telecommunications systems"
implies electronic media,such as television,
telephone,and the Internet,but need not be
limited to only electronic media,
Telecommunications is defined as
"communicating at a distance."
Telecommunication
10
现代远程教育研究的基本内容
发展远程教育的必要性 (为什么发展远程教育）
? 信息社会与远程教育
? 终身学习与远程教育
? 知识经济与远程教育
? 远程教育系统和过程研究（远程教育过程设计的理论
与方法）
? 系统的组成要素与关系
? 远程教育系统与过程的设计
? 学生研究（远程教育中学生学习的特点）
? 学生的特点、学习需求、学习方式等
? 学习过程（成人学习过程研究）
? 媒体与环境研究（学习资源设计）
? 教学媒体与学习资源的设计与开发
? 交互活动研究（交互的形式）
? 教师与学生
? 学生与媒体
11
作业
? 查阅资料，列举三种对远程教育的定义
并分析其共同点和不同点（英文资料与
汉语翻译）,然后对其重新定义。
12
Definitions
? Distance education is a planned and systematic
activity which comprises the choice,didactic
preparation and presentation of teaching materials as
well as the supervision and support of student
learning and which is achieved by bridging the
physical distance between student and teacher by
means of at least one appropriate technical medium.
? Distance education is an educational process in
which someone removed in space and/or time from
the learner conducts a significant proportion of the
teaching.
13
? The U.S,Department of Education’s Office of Educational
Research and Improvement defines distance education as:
?,the application of telecommunications and electronic
devices which enable students and learners to receive
instruction that originates from some distant location.”
14
? Distance education is a method of education in which
the learner is physically separate from the teacher,It
may be used on its own,or in conjunction with other
forms of education,including face-to-face.
– In distance education learners are physically separated from
the institution that sponsors the instruction.
– The teaching/learning contract requires that the student be
taught,assessed,given guidance and,where appropriate,
prepared for examinations that may or may not be
conducted by the institution,
– This must be accomplished by two-way communication,
– Learning may be undertaken individually or in groups; in
either case it is accomplished in the physical absence of the
teacher,
