Solution 6.8.1.10
The root locus is shown in Figure 1. Eventually two limbs of the root locus
Im(s)
Re(s)
-30
-1
Figure 1: Root locus
will cross into the righthalf plance, but near the origin the pole at s = ;30
has very little in
uence on the root locus. Near the origin the root locus
looks very like that of the simpler transfer function
G(s)=
K
s(s +1)
:
So a good place to start looking for the roots is s = ;0:5 j0:5.
1
0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
188
190
Figure 2: Angle versus jsj = !
n
The MATLAB program
p1 =0
p2 = 1
p3 = 30
zeta = 1/sqrt(2)
omegan =linspace(0.6,0.8,200);;
s=-zeta*omegan + j* omegan *sqrt(1-zeta^2);;
ang = (angle(s + p1)+angle(s+p2)+angle(s+p3))*180/pi;;
plot(omegan,ang)
print -deps 68110a.eps
creates the plot shown in Figure 2. Wesee that the root locus crosses
the line of constantdamping at about s = ;0:4924 + j0:4924. Indeed, at
s = ;0:4924+ j0:4924 the net angle is 180:09
.
Then the gain to place closed loop poles at s = ;0:4924+ j0:4924 is
K =[jsks +1js +30j]
s=;0:4924+j0:4924
=14:536:
The natural frequency of the closed loop poles is
!
n
=
p
0:4924
2
+0:4925
2
=0:6965:
2
The MATLAB program
p1 =0
p2 = 1
p3 = 30
zeta = 1/sqrt(2)
omegan =linspace(0.6,0.8,200);;
s=-zeta*omegan + j* omegan *sqrt(1-zeta^2);;
ang = (angle(s + p1)+angle(s+p2)+angle(s+p3))*180/pi;;
plot(omegan,ang)
print -deps 68110a.eps
s=-zeta*omegan(97) + j*omegan(97)*sqrt(1-zeta^2)
K=abs(s + p1)*abs(s+p2)*abs(s+p3)
omegana = omegan(97)
sc = conj(s)
tn2 = zpk([],[s sc],omegana^2)
g=zpk([],[-p1 -p2 -p3],K)
tc = feedback(g,1)
T=linspace(0,8,200);;
[Yn2,T] = step(tn2,T);;
plot(T,Yn2,'k-')
print -deps sr68110.eps
Prints and plots the step responses of T
c
(t) and T
N2
(t) shown in Figure 3
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Figure 3: Comparison of step responses
4