GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
儿童生长发育
REGULAR PATTERN OF
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
? A continuous process
? Different rate of development in various
systems
? General pattern
? Individual variance
? Puberty 13 yr (F)/15yr(M)
Different rate of development in various systems
FACTORS OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
? Genetics
? Gender
? Endocrine
? Pregnant condition
? Nutrition
? Living environment
? diseases
PHYSICAL GROWTH
≌ 3kg
W(kg)=newborn weight (kg)+month× 0.7 (kg)
W(kg)=6 (kg)+month× 0.25 （ kg）
W(kg)=yrs × 2 (kg)+7 or 8 （ kg）
weight
newborn
1 to 6 mon
7 to 12 mon
2 to 12 yrs
PHYSICAL GROWTH
Height
newborn
0-1yr
2-12yrs
50cm
↑25cm
H (cm)= yrs× 7+70 (cm）
PHYSICAL GROWTH
1yr
newborn
5yr
2yr
Head circumference (HC)
34cm
46cm
48cm
50cm
PHYSICAL GROWTH
Chest circumference (CC)
Newborn 32cm
1yr
46cm
CC=HC
PHYSICAL GROWTH
?Skeleton development
Teeth development
first tooth
Deciduous teeth 20 30mon
6mon
Anterior fontannel
1~1.5 yr
closure
ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH
Mean (X) ＆ Standard (SD)
Normal distribution
± 1SD
+2SD
+3SD
68.3%
95.4%
99.7%
ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH
Percentile P3-P97
95
%
Growth chart
Multiple indicators
Height for age
Weight for age
Weight for height
Growth Curve (Boys)
Growth Curve (Girls)
NEURO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Sensation and perception
vision 3-4yr
1yr
Newborn
6yr
3mon
20cm
180° level
3m
0.7
1.0
NEURO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Sensation and perception
Audition
Newborn
3mon
1yr
2yr
4yr
Hearing
Turning head to sound
Knowing his/her name
Following simple direction
Hearing mature
NEURO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT
G Motor
Gross motor
3mon
6mon
9mon
15mon
Lift head
Sitting
Creep＆ Standing
with support
Walk alone
Lift head Lift head
Sitting Crawing
Standing Walk
Jump Run
NEURO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Fine motor
3mon
6mon
9mon
3mon
Grasp object
Transfer object
Thumb-finger grasp
Scribble Motor
NEURO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Language
age
receptive
expressive
6m
Name
Babble
12m
Familiar object name
Pharases
Simple needs
Repeat sound
“ba ba” /“ma
ma”
15m
~18m
Body part
Following simple
direction
Pointing
15~20 words
24m
People/object
Pictures
Name/object/pictures
300 words
36m
2~3directions
sex identity
Sentences
More words
48m
Differenciate colors
Following 2~3 directions
Telling stories
Describing
things
NEURO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT
?Thinking
?Imagination
?Will
?Emotion
?Personality
?Personal-social behavior
ASSESSMENT AND
BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT
?Intelligence
Abilities of recognizing the world and
dealing with the environmental change
?Intelligent quotient (IQ)
?Development quotient (DQ)
ASSESSMENT AND
BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT
Psychometry
Visual-space orientation
Tempory-order
Memory
Speech
language
Single developmental screening tests
ASSESSMENT AND
BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT
Denver Developmental Screening
Test,DDST
Drawing-a-man test
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,PPVT
Abilities tests
Screening tests
Psychometry
ASSESSMENT AND
BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT
Psychometry
Bayley Infant Development Test
Gesell Development Test
WPPSI
WISC-R
SM
Abilities test
Diagnostic tests
DIVIATION OF GROWTH
Weight
Height
Head circumference
Overweight >2SD or 97 Percentile
Underweight <2SD or 3 Percentile
Tall status
Stunt
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
Developmental-behavioral problems
Learning disorders
Speech and language disorders
Mental retardation
Breath holding
Biting thumb Enuresis
Defiance
Lying
Temper tantrums
Sleep disorders
谢谢！