CHILDHOOD NUTRITION
AND FEEDING
Nutrition
Energy
Basal matabolism
Maintain basic physiologic activity
Special motility for food digestion
peristalsis infant 7%~8%
digestion
absorption elder children 5%
Nutrition
Physical activity
Growth
Fecal loss
Others Mentality and emotion
Envioronment
Energy
Nutrition
General Energy Needs
Basal metabolism 50%
Physical activity 25%
Growth 12%
Fecal 8%
6~12yrs
Infant 110 kcal/kg
↓every 3 yrs 10kcal/kg
15yrs 60kcal/kg
Nutrition
Essential amino acid
Non-essential amino acid
Recommend amount
Protein
breast milk 2.0g/kg
cow milk 3.5g/kg
vegetative protein 4.0g/kg
Nutrition
Saturated fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty
Linoliec acid →
Free fatty acids
Fats
≥1:2
n- 6 Linoliec
n-3 Linolenic
Nutrition
50%~60%
Carbohydrate
1yr 12g/kg/d
>2yrs 10g/kg/d
Nutrition
Vitamin
VitA VitD
VitE VitK
VitB
VitC
Fat---soluble
Water---soluble
Nutrition
Mineral
Macroelements
Trace elements
Ca
P K
Na
Zn
Fe Co Se
Nutrition
Water
Neonatal 80%
1 yr 70%
… …
Adult 55%~60%
Infant 150ml/kg
Every 3 yrs ↓25ml/kg
9 yr 75ml/kg
Adult 50ml/kg
Nutrition
Food fiber
Physiological function
— prevention constipation
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Albumin 白蛋白 ↑
Casein 酪蛋白 ↓
Taurine 牛磺酸 ↑
Glutamate 谷氨酸 ↑
Advantages
protein 3,2
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Fat Long-chain lipid acid ↑
Linoleic acid ↑
Carbohydrate Lactose↑
Bacillus bifidus↑
Vitamin A/D/E ↑
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
minerals
Ca:P（ 2,1）
--absorption
Fe 50% absorption rate
Zn ↑
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
SIgA ↑
Lactoferrin ↑
Lysozyme ↑
Bifidus ↑
Antibody ↑
Immunization
Bacillus
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Natural food
Convenient feeding
Recovering from delivery
Baby-mother attechment
Others
Infant Feeding---Breast feeding
Elements of breast milk in different phase
colostrum,protein
transitional milk,lipid
mature milk,stable elements
late milk,protein
0~5d
6~10d
11d~9m
>10m
Infant Feeding---Formula Feeding
Formula milk
Fortified nutrients
Fe
Zn
VitA
VitB VitC VitD
…
Infant Feeding---Supplementary Food
2w VitD
4-6m Rice powder
7-9m meshed vegetable,meet,
fruit soft noddle biscuit
10-12m soft rice, thick porridge,fine-cut
vegetable, meat,bean products etc,
12-24m piece-cut food
24m- normal
Age food
Feeding priciples
Reasonable food arrangement
protein,fat,carbohydrate≌ 1,1,4-5
10% 25-30% 50-60%
? Food quality
? Feeding behavior
? Feeding environment
Evaluation of nutrition condition
History
Nutrition study
? food investigation
? evaluation
? physical examination
? laboratory test
Standard
? Underweight
? Stunting
? Wasting
W≤-2SD
L≤-2SD
W/L≤-2SD
Thank you!