20 70
2
L-
2000 36.9
25.8
2001 ( )
5%
35 27.8
2002 40 40.2
28.6 26.03
2.58
1999 12
180 12
2001 2800
48%
2002 3
2002 10
JBL
2002 12 13
1997,
7
10 /
40% L(+)-
(L- ) D(-)- (D- )
DL- L-
DL- 60%
CCA
ADM AE Staley Cargill Ecohem
ARASO
3
2 2.5 8
5000
DL-
DL
L- L-
L- L-
L-
8
L 3
5
Denka
L
5000 6000 8000
L
10
%
DL L
L
10 % L
1985 1993 20
300 2000 L
1
L-
70 80 % 20 30%
L 100 120g/L
70
1998
80
200
/ 1000
200-300
/
48%
Asp.niger
4d
(14— 15)μ (1 5— 2)μ
d 50 72μ m
( 30 31 ) 7μ m 3
2 (9 13)μm 3 8μm
4 7 — 5 2 μm
(— 196 )
60
1 1.0 1.3
1000mL 2000mL
l000mL 40g 2000mL
1 0 0g
8 1MPa 40
60min 35 1d
1 — 2
2 mL 30— 32
16— 20h
4 — 6h 24h
(35 1) 12—
24h
200 200
5 0 0 6 00ml
5 000L 20
70g /1000mL
(35 1)
C 0827 1 5 0r
min 0.3— 0.4m3 (m3.min)
18 20h
20h
16 20
25
(NH4)2SO4 (NH4)3PO4
(NH4)2HPO4
NaNO3 KN03
NH4NO3
P K Mg S
33—
37
28 37
( 35 1)
40
35
PH3 7
PH6.8— 7.2
pH ( 4,5 )
PH2.5
pH 7,5
pH 4.5
PH 2.0 3,0 pH 3.0
pH 5.0 ( PH
5.6) PH 3.0
CO2 H 20 A TP( 38
ATP)
( 20 24h)
(
24— 30h)