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51 21
2 2 21 2
542011
2 45 1 (1)(10)(1)(4)00
22
λ
λ
λ λλλ
λλ λ λ λλ
:
1 > ?6
' 0≠A, G
2(1 ) (10 )
02λλ≠ 1λ∴≠è10λ≠êè Y
·,
' (1 )(10 ) 02λλ= è (1)(4)02λλ≠è G 10λ = êè′?·,
' (1 )(10 ) 02λλ= è (1)(4)02λλ=è G 1λ = êè Y′0K·,
!8êèrS-?L
12 21
0000
0000
s?/?4?,X?·
1
212
3
2 21
1 00
0 10
x
kk
x
= ++
( 12,kkR∈)
16êA?
1234
2341
3412
=
A "?
1) 3(2,3) =EA 2) 3(2( ))k =EA 3) 3(23(2)) =EA
4) 4 (2,3) =AE 5) 4 (3(2)) =AE 6) 4 (32( ))k =AE
·? 3
1234
(2,3) 3412
2341
=
EA è3
1 2 34
(2() 234
3 4 12
k k k kk
=
EA
3
1234
(23(2)) 8 11 6 5
3412
=
EA è4
1324
(2,3) 2431
3142
=
AE
4
1264
(3(2) 2381
3422
=
AE è 4
12324
(32( )) 2 3 4 3 1
34142
k
kk
k
+
=+
+
AE,
17êA?
133
143
134
=
A èA?ú A></1 -?L ,X,/??
·?
11
103130 1 00 1 00133 100
010010 110 0 10143 010
001 001 0 00 101134 001
133 1 00 1 00 130
143 0 10 110 010
134 101 0 00 001
=
∴=?
Q
éé11103 100
010 010
001 001
1001001 3010 3
010110 0 1 0 01 0
101000001001
éé
?????ù
18êy*ü1 ?6"?-?L ,XEú-?L
1?
2 23
1 10
121
=?
A 2?
1111
11 11
1111
1 1 11
=
A
· ?? 1 ?
( )
2 2 3100 1 10010
1 10010 2 2 3100
1 2 1001 1 2 1001
110010 110010 1001 43
0431 20 01 101 1 0101 5 3
011011 00 11 6 4 001 16 4
=?
AE,
:::
?2?
()
11 1 1 1000 1 1 1 1 1 000
11 1 10100 0 0 2 2 1100
1 11 10010 0 2 0 2 1010
1 1 11 0001 0 2 2 0 1001
11 1 1 100011 1 1 1 0 00
00 221100020 21010
020 2101000 221100
0 0 2 2 0 0 11 0 0 0 4 1 1 11
=
AE,
:
1 0 0 0 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
0 1 0 0 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
0 0 1 0 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
0 0 0 1 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
:
.
19ê 1)A?
412 13
221,22,
311 31
==
A B X AXB" S =
2) A?
021 123
2 13,,2 31
334
==
A B X XAB" S =
·? (1) ( )
41 21 3 10010 2
22122 010153
31 13 1 00112 4
~=
AB
1 > ?6
1
102
153
124
∴= =
X AB
(2)
021 100
2 13 010
~33 4 001
123 2 11
2 31 474
=
A
B
1 ?6
1 2 11
474
∴==
X BA ê
20êA?a R(A)=1,XúU 5ê , üM2Lê ?G￡ a ?M2Lê> ?G￡ bèS A=ab
21êA? A mn× L
-?L èA?a?
(1)?/? m=AXE Y?·,X?U 5ê R(A)=m
(2)?/? n=YAE Y?·,X?U 5ê R(A)=n
22êA? A mn× L
-?L èA?a?81 =AX AY èè R(A)=nèí =XY
