Lecture 10,Verb Voices
? 语态有两种：主动语态 (Active Voice)和被动语态 (Passive Voice)。
? 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动
语态。
? 注意,
? 1） 若宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定
式前要加,to”。 此类动词为使役动词或感官动词。
? feel,hear,help,listen to,look at,make,observe,see,notice,watch
等。
? The teacher made me go out of the classroom,
? --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher),
? We saw him play football on the playground,
? --> He was seen to play football on the playground,
? 2）情态动词 + be +过去分词，也可构成被动语态。如,
? Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry,
? 注意,
? 1 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组,believe,consider,declare,
expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand
? It is said that… 据说
? It is reported that… 据报道
? It is believed that… 大家相信
? It is hoped that… 大家希望
? It is well known that… 众所周知
? It is thought that… 大家认为
? It is suggested that… 据建议
? It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
? It has been decided that… 大家决定
? It must be remembered that… 务必记住的是
? It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday,
? 2 不用被动语态的情况
? 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态,appear,die disappear,end
(vi,结束 ),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,break out,
come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place 等。
? After the fire,very little remained of my house,
? 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些
是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。
? 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,fit,have,hold,
marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at / in,shake
hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,
belong to
? This key just fits the lock,
? Your story agrees with what had already been heard,
? 3) 系动词无被动语态,appear,be become,fall,feel,get,
grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,
turn
? It sounds good,
? 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，不能用于被动语态,die,
death； dream； live,life
? She dreamed a bad dream last night,
? 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
? (对 ) She likes to swim,
? (错 ) To swim is liked by her,
? 3 主动形式表示被动意义
? 1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,
draw,write,sell,drive…
? The book sells well,这本书销路好 。
? This knife cuts easily,这刀子很好用。
? 2)blame,let(出租 ),remain,keep,rent,build
? I was to blame for the accident,
? Much work remains,
? 3) 特殊结构，如,make sb,heard / understood (使别人能
听见 /理解自己 ),have sth,done ( 要某人做某事 )。
? 4 被动形式表示主动意义
? 如,be determined,be pleased,be graduated (from),be
finished,be prepared (for),be occupied (in),get marries
? I am determined to carry out this plan thoroughly,
? He is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有
名的大学 。
? 5 need/want/require/worth
? 注意：当 need,want,require,worth(形容词 )后面接 doing
也可以表示被动 。
? The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired,
? Your hair wants cutting,你的头发该理了 。
? The floor requires washing,地板需要冲洗 。
? The book is worth reading,这本书值得一读 。
? 典型例题
? The library needs___,but it'll have to wait until Sunday,
A,cleaning B,be cleaned C,clean D,being cleaned
? 答案 A,need (实意 ) +n /to do,need (情态 )+ do,当为被
动语态时, 还可 need + doing,本题考最后一种用法, 选
A。 如有 to be cleaned 则也为正确答案 。
TEM4-99
Homework
? Exercise 14A on Pages 240-241
? Exercise 14B on Pages 241-242
? Exercise 14C on Pages 243-244
? Exercise 14D on Pages 244-245
? Exercise 14E on Pages 248-249
? Exercise 14F on Pages 249-250
? Exercise 15A on Pages 254-255
? Exercise 15B on Pages 255-256
? Exercise 15C on Pages 263-264
? Exercise 15D on Pages 264-265
? 预习 第 16讲 （ 266— 280页）
? 语态有两种：主动语态 (Active Voice)和被动语态 (Passive Voice)。
? 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动
语态。
? 注意,
? 1） 若宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定
式前要加,to”。 此类动词为使役动词或感官动词。
? feel,hear,help,listen to,look at,make,observe,see,notice,watch
等。
? The teacher made me go out of the classroom,
? --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher),
? We saw him play football on the playground,
? --> He was seen to play football on the playground,
? 2）情态动词 + be +过去分词，也可构成被动语态。如,
? Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry,
? 注意,
? 1 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组,believe,consider,declare,
expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand
? It is said that… 据说
? It is reported that… 据报道
? It is believed that… 大家相信
? It is hoped that… 大家希望
? It is well known that… 众所周知
? It is thought that… 大家认为
? It is suggested that… 据建议
? It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
? It has been decided that… 大家决定
? It must be remembered that… 务必记住的是
? It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday,
? 2 不用被动语态的情况
? 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态,appear,die disappear,end
(vi,结束 ),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,break out,
come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place 等。
? After the fire,very little remained of my house,
? 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些
是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。
? 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,fit,have,hold,
marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at / in,shake
hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,
belong to
? This key just fits the lock,
? Your story agrees with what had already been heard,
? 3) 系动词无被动语态,appear,be become,fall,feel,get,
grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,
turn
? It sounds good,
? 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，不能用于被动语态,die,
death； dream； live,life
? She dreamed a bad dream last night,
? 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
? (对 ) She likes to swim,
? (错 ) To swim is liked by her,
? 3 主动形式表示被动意义
? 1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,
draw,write,sell,drive…
? The book sells well,这本书销路好 。
? This knife cuts easily,这刀子很好用。
? 2)blame,let(出租 ),remain,keep,rent,build
? I was to blame for the accident,
? Much work remains,
? 3) 特殊结构，如,make sb,heard / understood (使别人能
听见 /理解自己 ),have sth,done ( 要某人做某事 )。
? 4 被动形式表示主动意义
? 如,be determined,be pleased,be graduated (from),be
finished,be prepared (for),be occupied (in),get marries
? I am determined to carry out this plan thoroughly,
? He is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有
名的大学 。
? 5 need/want/require/worth
? 注意：当 need,want,require,worth(形容词 )后面接 doing
也可以表示被动 。
? The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired,
? Your hair wants cutting,你的头发该理了 。
? The floor requires washing,地板需要冲洗 。
? The book is worth reading,这本书值得一读 。
? 典型例题
? The library needs___,but it'll have to wait until Sunday,
A,cleaning B,be cleaned C,clean D,being cleaned
? 答案 A,need (实意 ) +n /to do,need (情态 )+ do,当为被
动语态时, 还可 need + doing,本题考最后一种用法, 选
A。 如有 to be cleaned 则也为正确答案 。
TEM4-99
Homework
? Exercise 14A on Pages 240-241
? Exercise 14B on Pages 241-242
? Exercise 14C on Pages 243-244
? Exercise 14D on Pages 244-245
? Exercise 14E on Pages 248-249
? Exercise 14F on Pages 249-250
? Exercise 15A on Pages 254-255
? Exercise 15B on Pages 255-256
? Exercise 15C on Pages 263-264
? Exercise 15D on Pages 264-265
? 预习 第 16讲 （ 266— 280页）
