Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 1,It is + 被强调部分 + that,.,
? 该句型是强调句型 。 将被强调的部分放在前面, 其它
部分置于 that之后 。 被强调部分可以是主语, 宾语, 表
语或状语 。 强调的主语如果是人, that可以由 who换用 。
如果把这种句型结构划掉后, 应该是一个完整无缺的
句子 。 这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法 。
? It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face
and an hour hand was made,
? It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday,
It was in the street that I met her father,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 2,It is not until + 被强调部分 + that,.,
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，
译成汉语“直到 … 才 …,, 可以说是 not,.,
until,.,的强调形式。
? It was not until she took off her dark glasses that
I realized she was a famous film star,
? = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I
realize she was a famous film star,
? = I didn't realize she was a famous film star until
she took off her dark glasses,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 3,It is clear ( obvious,true,possible,certain....)
that,...,
? 该句型中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引
导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，
肯定．．．）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结
构。
? It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree,
? = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 4,It is important ( necessary,right,strange,
natural...) that,.,
? 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的
形容词不同,that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气
（ should + 动词原形）,should 可以省去。建
议记住该句型中的形容词。
? It is important that we (should) learn English well,
? It is necessary that he (should) remember these
words,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 5,It is said (reported,learned....) that,.,
该句型中的 it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是 that 引
导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，
据悉．．．）”。
? It is said that he has come to Beijing,
? It is reported that another earth satellite has been
put into orbit,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 6,It is suggested ( ordered,.,) that,.,
? 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去
分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时,that 后
的从句要用虚拟语气（ should + 动词原形），
should 可以省。常译为“据建议；有命令．．．）
? It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off,
? It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two
hours,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 7,It is a pity ( a shame,.,) that,.,
? 该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气
（ should + 动词原形）,should可省去．表示出
乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，
则不用虚拟语气。
? It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in
your class,
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
? It is a pity that he is ill,他生病了，真遗憾！
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 8,It is time ( about time,high time ) that,.,
? 该句型中 that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注
意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用
should + 动词原形,should 不能省。常译为“是
（正是）．．．的时侯．．．”。
? It is time that children should go to bed,
? = It is time that children went to bed,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 9,It is the first ( second,.,) time that,.,
? 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从
句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时
态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在
时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，
后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；
it有时用 this 替换．常译为“是第一
（二）．．．次．．．”。
? It is the first time (that) I have been here,
? = This is the first time (that) I have been here,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 10,It is,..,since,.,
? 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要
和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句
中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，
since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是
瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用
过去完成时。
? It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 11,It is,.,when,.,
? 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，
主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。
常译为“当．．．的时候，是．．．”。
? It was 5 o’clock when he came here,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 12,It be,.,before,.,
? 该句型主句中的 it 指时间,主句中的时态常
是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表
语多是 long,not long,3 days,2 weeks 等表示时
间段的词或短语。常译为“．．．之
后．．．”。
? It was 3 days before he went to Beijing,
? It will be not long before he finishes his job,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 13,It happens (seems,looks,appears ) that..,
? 该句型中 it是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句，主句
中的 happen,seem等词是不及物动词,
? It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the
street,碰巧．．,
? It seems that he will be back in a few days,看来．．,
? 14,It takes sb.,.,to do sth,
? 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语，句型
中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做．．．要花费某
人．．．”。
? It took thousands of people many years to build the Great
Wall,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 15,It is no good (use ) doing sth,
? 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可
以是 no good,( not any good ),no use,( not any use )。
? It is no good learning English without speaking English,
? 16,It doesn’t matter whether ( if ),.,
? 该句型中 whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型
常译为,不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。
? It doesn't matter if they are old,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 17,It is kind ( of sb,) to do sth,
? 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻
辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示
逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有,bad,brave,
careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good （ 好心的）,
honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice
（ 有教养的）,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong
（ 错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为,sb,is kind to
do sth,
? It is kind of you to say so,
? = You are kind to say so,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 18,It is necessary ( for sb,) to do sth,
? 该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的
逻辑主语是由 for引起，主句中的形容词通常是
表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全
等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：①
important,necessary,natural ② easy,safe,
common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,
unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。
? 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写,如,
? It is important for her to come to the party,
? = It is important that she (should ) come to the
party,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 19,It looks ( seems ) as if,.,
? 该句型中 it无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。
常译为，“看起来好象．．．”如果与事实不
相符合，则用虚拟语气,
? It looks as if he is ill.（ 真的病了）
? It looks as if he were ill,（ 没有生病）
? It seemed as if he were dying,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 20,We think it important to learn a foreign language,
? 该句型中的 it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句
型为,6123结构”。
? 6指主句中常用的动词,think,believe,make,find,
consider,feel；
? 1指的是形式宾语 it；
? 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
? 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短
语或 that引导的宾语从句。
? We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day,
? He felt it important learning English well,
? They found it difficult that they would finish their work in
two days,
Homework
? Exercise 29A on Page 498
? Exercise 29B on Page 499
? Exercise 29C on Pages 499-500
? Exercise 29D on Pages 502-504
? 预习 第 30讲 （ 505-515页）
? 预习 第 34讲 （ 587-602页）
? 1,It is + 被强调部分 + that,.,
? 该句型是强调句型 。 将被强调的部分放在前面, 其它
部分置于 that之后 。 被强调部分可以是主语, 宾语, 表
语或状语 。 强调的主语如果是人, that可以由 who换用 。
如果把这种句型结构划掉后, 应该是一个完整无缺的
句子 。 这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法 。
? It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face
and an hour hand was made,
? It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday,
It was in the street that I met her father,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 2,It is not until + 被强调部分 + that,.,
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，
译成汉语“直到 … 才 …,, 可以说是 not,.,
until,.,的强调形式。
? It was not until she took off her dark glasses that
I realized she was a famous film star,
? = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I
realize she was a famous film star,
? = I didn't realize she was a famous film star until
she took off her dark glasses,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 3,It is clear ( obvious,true,possible,certain....)
that,...,
? 该句型中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引
导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，
肯定．．．）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结
构。
? It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree,
? = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 4,It is important ( necessary,right,strange,
natural...) that,.,
? 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的
形容词不同,that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气
（ should + 动词原形）,should 可以省去。建
议记住该句型中的形容词。
? It is important that we (should) learn English well,
? It is necessary that he (should) remember these
words,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 5,It is said (reported,learned....) that,.,
该句型中的 it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是 that 引
导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，
据悉．．．）”。
? It is said that he has come to Beijing,
? It is reported that another earth satellite has been
put into orbit,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 6,It is suggested ( ordered,.,) that,.,
? 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去
分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时,that 后
的从句要用虚拟语气（ should + 动词原形），
should 可以省。常译为“据建议；有命令．．．）
? It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off,
? It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two
hours,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 7,It is a pity ( a shame,.,) that,.,
? 该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气
（ should + 动词原形）,should可省去．表示出
乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，
则不用虚拟语气。
? It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in
your class,
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
? It is a pity that he is ill,他生病了，真遗憾！
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 8,It is time ( about time,high time ) that,.,
? 该句型中 that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注
意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用
should + 动词原形,should 不能省。常译为“是
（正是）．．．的时侯．．．”。
? It is time that children should go to bed,
? = It is time that children went to bed,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 9,It is the first ( second,.,) time that,.,
? 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从
句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时
态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在
时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，
后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；
it有时用 this 替换．常译为“是第一
（二）．．．次．．．”。
? It is the first time (that) I have been here,
? = This is the first time (that) I have been here,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 10,It is,..,since,.,
? 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要
和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句
中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，
since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是
瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用
过去完成时。
? It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 11,It is,.,when,.,
? 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，
主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。
常译为“当．．．的时候，是．．．”。
? It was 5 o’clock when he came here,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 12,It be,.,before,.,
? 该句型主句中的 it 指时间,主句中的时态常
是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表
语多是 long,not long,3 days,2 weeks 等表示时
间段的词或短语。常译为“．．．之
后．．．”。
? It was 3 days before he went to Beijing,
? It will be not long before he finishes his job,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 13,It happens (seems,looks,appears ) that..,
? 该句型中 it是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句，主句
中的 happen,seem等词是不及物动词,
? It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the
street,碰巧．．,
? It seems that he will be back in a few days,看来．．,
? 14,It takes sb.,.,to do sth,
? 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语，句型
中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做．．．要花费某
人．．．”。
? It took thousands of people many years to build the Great
Wall,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 15,It is no good (use ) doing sth,
? 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可
以是 no good,( not any good ),no use,( not any use )。
? It is no good learning English without speaking English,
? 16,It doesn’t matter whether ( if ),.,
? 该句型中 whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型
常译为,不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。
? It doesn't matter if they are old,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 17,It is kind ( of sb,) to do sth,
? 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻
辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示
逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有,bad,brave,
careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good （ 好心的）,
honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice
（ 有教养的）,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong
（ 错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为,sb,is kind to
do sth,
? It is kind of you to say so,
? = You are kind to say so,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 18,It is necessary ( for sb,) to do sth,
? 该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的
逻辑主语是由 for引起，主句中的形容词通常是
表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全
等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：①
important,necessary,natural ② easy,safe,
common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,
unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。
? 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写,如,
? It is important for her to come to the party,
? = It is important that she (should ) come to the
party,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 19,It looks ( seems ) as if,.,
? 该句型中 it无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。
常译为，“看起来好象．．．”如果与事实不
相符合，则用虚拟语气,
? It looks as if he is ill.（ 真的病了）
? It looks as if he were ill,（ 没有生病）
? It seemed as if he were dying,
Lecture 18,It Patterns
? 20,We think it important to learn a foreign language,
? 该句型中的 it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句
型为,6123结构”。
? 6指主句中常用的动词,think,believe,make,find,
consider,feel；
? 1指的是形式宾语 it；
? 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
? 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短
语或 that引导的宾语从句。
? We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day,
? He felt it important learning English well,
? They found it difficult that they would finish their work in
two days,
Homework
? Exercise 29A on Page 498
? Exercise 29B on Page 499
? Exercise 29C on Pages 499-500
? Exercise 29D on Pages 502-504
? 预习 第 30讲 （ 505-515页）
? 预习 第 34讲 （ 587-602页）
