Lecture 19,Conjunctions
? 连词是用来连接句子中的单词、短语及从句的虚词。
在句子中不能单独作句子成分，一般不重读，在英语
中连词的使用频率较高。
? 连词的分类
? I,并列连词
? 用来连接语法作用相同的或平行的词, 短语或从句 。
? and,or,nor,but,yet,so,hence,therefore,for,as well as,
either… or,neither… nor,and then,not only… but also,
both… and 等等 。
? 1,表并列或附加关系的连词 and,both… and…,while,
not only… but also…,also,as well,as well as,and then,
besides
? and
? 例句,A friend of mine came to see me yesterday and we had dinner together,
? He and his classmates are all busy working on their essays,
? Here is a pen and pencil for you,
? 注,
? (1) 表示配套的，和,..一同的,常见的有 bread and butter,a needle and thread,
bacon and eggs,hide–and–seek(捉迷藏 ),give–and–take(互让,妥协,交换 )等。
? (2) 口语中用于 come,go,try 等动词后表目的, 如,
? Go and get the door,will you?
? Come and see it,
? Try and get here before 10 a.m.,
? Wait and see,
? (3) 起补充说明和强调作用, 如,You and only you can help me now,
? (4) 表示接连, 重复, 如, The Spring Festival draws nearer and nearer,
? (5) 表对比, 如,John is always quiet and Tom is always noisy,
? (6) 表结果, 如,
? Work hard,and you?ll succeed.,
? He was ill and took some medicine,
? both… and…
? 例句,Both Phil and Helen were involved in this case,
? We have offices both in Canada and in Japan,
? while
? 例句,While at college,he was very active in the student?s union,
? We waited while he had a meeting,
? not only … but also
? 例句,She speaks not only English but Japanese,
? We not only heard it but also saw it,
? He is not only a lecturer but also a writer,
? 注,not only… but … as well,not only…but…,与 not only…but also 相似。
? also
? 例句,Our monitor can sing and also dance,
? The overcoat is warm,also light,
? 注,and also 与之相似,
? 如,This machine is heavy,and also useless,
? as well
? 例句,We can do it as well,
? I gave him money and advice as well,
? as well as
? 例句,He has experience as well as knowledge,
? Hiking is good exercise as well as fun,
? and then
? 例句,You must ask Tom to the party,and then there?s Jerry – don?t
forget him,
? I like doing part-time job,and then it helps me gain some experience,
? besides
? 例句,I don?t want to go; besides,I?m too tired,
? He is very considerate; besides,he is very helpful,
? 2,表选择关系的连词
? or,either…or…,whether…or…,neither…nor…,neither,or else 否
则,otherwise,or otherwise或相反
? or
? 例句,Are you going there alone or with some friends?
? Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?
? 注,
? (1) 用于否定句表, 也不,, 如,My father never smokes or drinks,
? (2) 表, 否则,,要不然,,如,Study hard,or you?ll fail in the exam,
? either… or…
? 例句,Most aircraft accidents occur at either take-off or landing,
? Either you or I am to blame,
? whether… or…
? 例句,Every one of you,whether old or young,poor or rich,have equal
opportunity to meet challenge,
? Whether I can get it or not is not very important,the point is I just want to have a
try,
? neither… nor
? 例句,Neither his parents nor he was there at that time,
? A good teacher must be neither too strict nor too weak,
? neither…
? 例句,Neither answer is correct,
? In neither case was a decision made,
? or else
? 例句,Come on,or else we?ll miss the train,
? The reference book must be here,or else you?ve lost it,
? otherwise
? 例句,Go home early – otherwise you parents will worry,
? You must study hard; otherwise you will not be able to learn English well,
? or otherwise
? 例句,Fine or otherwise,we shall have to go.= Whether it is fine or not,
? We ?ll get there somehow,by bus or otherwise,
? 3,表转折关系的连词 but,however,yet,whereas,
nevertheless/nonetheless,on the one hand…on the other hand
? but
? 例句,This book is very expensive but very useful,
? They met great difficulties but they didn?t give up hope,
? however
? 例句,The room is small for us,However,it is very comfortable,
? I?d like to go with you; however,I think I?d better not,
? yet
? 例句,Over 1,000 students took part in the test,yet only 20 passed,
? She is always quiet,yet she can?t help crying out loudly when she
heard the news,
? whereas
? 例句,All of us are busy,whereas he is lazy,
? Some people love him,whereas others hate him,
? nevertheless/nonetheless
? 例句,He was very tired,nevertheless he kept working far into the
night,
? He failed this time,nevertheless he has confidence to win next time,
? on the one hand…on the other hand
? 例句：, On the one hand I don?t like English very much,but on the
other hand I have to pass College English Test Band
? Four in order to graduate,” said the boy,
? On the one hand it rarely rains in the desert,but on the other hand it
rain a lot in the coastal areas,
? 4,表因果关系的连词 so,therefore,for,hence
? so
? 例句,He set the alarm on his watch so he wouldn?t oversleep,
? I had a toothache,so I went to the dentist this morning,
? therefore
? 例句,He is ill,and therefore can not come for class today,
? These wild animals are very rare and therefore protected by law,
? for
? 例句,I must be off now,for my parents are expecting me,
? You?d better take your umbrella with you,for it is going to rain,
? 注,for 用于连接两个句子时，通常须用逗号隔开，以免误解为
介词。
? hence
? 例句,The town was built near a bridge on the River Cam,hence the
name Cambridge,
? The new secretary was caught stealing and hence must be fired,
? II,从属连词
? 用于引导从句（定语从句，状语从句，名词从句），以构成句
子的一个部分或者修饰句子的构成要素。
? 1,引导名词从句的连词 that,if,whether,what,which,when,where,
why,how,who,whose,whom
? that
? 例句,It is certain that you will succeed,
? We have just heard the news that our team had won the football match,
? 注,
? （ 1） that 从句作主语时, that 不能省略 。
? （ 2） 在 certain,sure,pleased,glad,sorry 等词后的 that-clause 为名词从句 。
? （ 3） 可以用 that从句作直接宾语的及物动词有,hope,wish,expect,regret,
doubt,admit,deny,prove,say,hear,see,notice,know,understand,think,regret,
decide,report,explain,require,propose 等等, 如,
? It seems that you are sick today,= You seem to be sick today,
? It is said that he is our new boss,= He is said to be our new boss,
? if & whether
? 例句,I wonder if I should tell you the truth,
? Whether they will agree to it or not is still not clear,
? 注,
? (1) whether 与 or not 连用，但不能用 if 与 or not连用。
? (2) whether在引导状语从句时后面必须带 or not或者 or,
如,
? Whether or not he wins in the election,the audience will
support him,
? Whether right or wrong,he usually wins the argument,
? (3) 用于强调时用 no matter whether,如,
? No matter whether he succeeds or not in his research work,
he will be praised for his hard work,
? what & which
? 例句,Could you tell me what time it is?
? I don?t know which one we should choose,
? when,where,why,how
? 例句,I have no idea when he will be back from abroad,
? Do you know where Mr Green lives?
? Tell me why you come late,
? I really don?t know how he made it,
? who,whose,whom
? 例句,Could you tell me who won the gold medal?
? May I ask you whose car you are driving?
? I don?t know whom this dictionary belongs to,
? 2,引导状语从句的连词
? 1) 引导时间状语从句的连词
? when
? 例句,When I come tomorrow,I will bring you the latest news,
? When I called him,he was busy preparing for his final exam,
? 注,once 相当于 when,如,Once he arrives,we can start the
meeting,
? while
? 例句,He entered the room while his classmates were talking about
him,
? It started to rain while we were having a picnic,
? as
? 例句,As the guest speaker entered the hall,the audience applauded
continuously,
? As I was chatting with my classmate,the teacher came in,
? 注,当 as 和 while表示, 在,..期间, 时，动词通常用进行时。
? since
? 例句,Great changes have taken place in this area since last year,
? It is more than five years since I last saw him,
? 注：当 since表示, 自从, 时, 主句用现在完成时 。
? after
? 例句,After the guests left she began to wash the dishes,
? After I finish my homework I ?ll go shopping,
? before
? 例句,She had studied Chinese for five years before she came to
China,
? He had already left before I could say,thank you??,
? 注,
? （ 1） not… long before表示, 没过多久,..就,..”, 如,
? We hadn?t waited long before he came back from work,
? （ 2） It will be long before we meet again.表示, 很久以后才,..”,
但 It will not be long before we meet again 表示, 很快就会,..” 。
? till & until
? 例句,I had no idea about it until you told me,
? I waited in his office until he came back,
? 注,not… until 用于句首时后面用倒装句, 如,
? Not until he informed me of it did I know it is true,
? 此外, 常用 It is not until… that…,如,
? It is not until he failed in the exam that he knew he should study hard,
? as soon as & the moment
? 例句,I?ll let you about the latest development of that project as
soon as I come back from the meeting,
? The moment he saw her he recognized her,
? 注,as soon as,the moment 后面接从句相当于 no sooner.,than,
hardly/scarcely… when（ 通常与一般过去时连用 ）, 但 as soon as
可与任何时 态连用 。
? 2) 引导条件状语从句的连词
? unless
? 例句,You will fail in the exam unless you work harder,
? We?ll play the game unless it rains heavily,
? 注,unless表, 除非,..否则,,后面不能用 otherwise 与之连用。
? in case = if
? 例句,Keep the window closed in case it rains,
? In case he comes,let me know,
? provided (that)&providing (that) = if
? 例句,We shall go fishing provided that the weather is fine,
? I will go,provided that you go too,
? suppose & supposing = if
? 例句,Suppose it rains,what shall we do?
? Supposing something should go wrong,what would you do then?
? on condition (that) = only if
? 例句,I?ll come on condition that Mary is invited too,
? You can go swimming on condition that you don?t go too far from the bank,
? as long as & so long as = on condition that,if
? 例句,You can go out,as long as you promise to be back before midnight,
? Our profits will be good so long as the dollar remains strong,
? 3) 引导原因状语的连词
? because
? 例句,-- Why can?t I go? -- Because you are too young,
? Because it was getting dark,we hurried,
? since
? 例句,Since you can?t answer the question,perhaps we?d better ask someone else,
? Since everyone wanted to go home earlier,we finished the meeting in time,
? now that & now
? 例句,Now that everyone is here,we can start the meeting,
? Now you mention it,I do remember,
? as
? 例句,As he has no car,he can?t get there easily,
? As you are all here,we can work out a solution,
? 注,as 表原因后面不能与 so连用。
? seeing that & seeing
? 例句,Seeing that the time is up,we?ll wait no longer,
? Seeing that she is old enough to make her own decision,we should not stop her,
? 4) 引导让步状语从句的连词
? although,though,as
? 例句,Although/though he is very rich,he is not at all happy,
? Although he is an expert,he cannot solve all the problems,
? even if & even though
? 例句,He insisted on going there all alone,even though I told him not to,
? Even though we cannot attend his lecture,we can imagine how good it is,
? while
? 例句,While he is very diligent,his brother is very lazy
? While respected,he is not liked,
? whether…or
? 例句,Whether you believe it or not,it is true,
? Whether you are healthy or not,we don?t know,
? however,whatever,whenever,wherever
? 例句,However difficult it is,we?ll manage to fulfill our task,
? Whatever may occur,do what I told you to do,
? 5) 引导方式状语从句的连词
? as
? 例句,I have told you the story just as it happened,
? As is to man as water is to fish,
? as if & as though
? 例句,He speaks Japanese as if /as though he were a Japanese,
? It looks as if/ though he had fully recovered,
? 注,当 as if （ 较 as though更为常用 ） 和 as though 引导状语从句
时, 谓语动词通常 用虚拟语气 。 若用陈述语气表示所述情况实
现的可能性较大或者是事实 。
? according as依据,按照,如果
? 例句,You will be praised or criticized according as your work is
good or bad,
? According as I have the money,I?ll go,
? 6) 引导目的状语从句的连词
? so that & in order that
? 例句,I am going to get up early tomorrow morning so
that I won?t be late for class,
? Work hard so that you can pass the exam,
? He saved enough money in order that he could buy a new
computer,
? lest,for fear that,in case
? 例句,My classmates all study hard lest they should fail in
the final exam,
? She left an hour early for fear that she should miss the train,
? You?d better take your umbrella in case it rains,
? 7) 引导结果状语从句的连词
? so…that
? 例句,Our new teacher speaks so fast that we can hardly
follow her,
? He is so kind a man that everyone here loves to ask him for
help,
? so,so that,that
? 例句,We were caught in the traffic jam,so that we were
all later that day,
? He came very early,so he got a ticket for the concert,
? What have I said that they all laughed at me?
Exercises for Conjunctions
Homework
? Exercise 30A on Pages 508-509
? Exercise 30B on Pages 510-511
? Exercise 30C on Pages 514-515
? Exercise 31A on Pages 520-521
? Exercise 31B on Pages 525-526
? Exercise 31C on Pages 526-527
? Exercise 31D on Pages 538-539
? Exercise 31E on Pages 539-540
? Exercise 32A on Pages 546-547
? Exercise 32B on Pages 547-548
? Exercise 32C on Pages 548-549
? Exercise 32D on Pages 553-554
? Exercise 32E on Pages 556-557
? Exercise 32F on Page 558
? Exercise 32G on Pages 558-561
? Exercise 32H on Pages 563-564
? Exercise 32I on Pages 567-569
? 连词是用来连接句子中的单词、短语及从句的虚词。
在句子中不能单独作句子成分，一般不重读，在英语
中连词的使用频率较高。
? 连词的分类
? I,并列连词
? 用来连接语法作用相同的或平行的词, 短语或从句 。
? and,or,nor,but,yet,so,hence,therefore,for,as well as,
either… or,neither… nor,and then,not only… but also,
both… and 等等 。
? 1,表并列或附加关系的连词 and,both… and…,while,
not only… but also…,also,as well,as well as,and then,
besides
? and
? 例句,A friend of mine came to see me yesterday and we had dinner together,
? He and his classmates are all busy working on their essays,
? Here is a pen and pencil for you,
? 注,
? (1) 表示配套的，和,..一同的,常见的有 bread and butter,a needle and thread,
bacon and eggs,hide–and–seek(捉迷藏 ),give–and–take(互让,妥协,交换 )等。
? (2) 口语中用于 come,go,try 等动词后表目的, 如,
? Go and get the door,will you?
? Come and see it,
? Try and get here before 10 a.m.,
? Wait and see,
? (3) 起补充说明和强调作用, 如,You and only you can help me now,
? (4) 表示接连, 重复, 如, The Spring Festival draws nearer and nearer,
? (5) 表对比, 如,John is always quiet and Tom is always noisy,
? (6) 表结果, 如,
? Work hard,and you?ll succeed.,
? He was ill and took some medicine,
? both… and…
? 例句,Both Phil and Helen were involved in this case,
? We have offices both in Canada and in Japan,
? while
? 例句,While at college,he was very active in the student?s union,
? We waited while he had a meeting,
? not only … but also
? 例句,She speaks not only English but Japanese,
? We not only heard it but also saw it,
? He is not only a lecturer but also a writer,
? 注,not only… but … as well,not only…but…,与 not only…but also 相似。
? also
? 例句,Our monitor can sing and also dance,
? The overcoat is warm,also light,
? 注,and also 与之相似,
? 如,This machine is heavy,and also useless,
? as well
? 例句,We can do it as well,
? I gave him money and advice as well,
? as well as
? 例句,He has experience as well as knowledge,
? Hiking is good exercise as well as fun,
? and then
? 例句,You must ask Tom to the party,and then there?s Jerry – don?t
forget him,
? I like doing part-time job,and then it helps me gain some experience,
? besides
? 例句,I don?t want to go; besides,I?m too tired,
? He is very considerate; besides,he is very helpful,
? 2,表选择关系的连词
? or,either…or…,whether…or…,neither…nor…,neither,or else 否
则,otherwise,or otherwise或相反
? or
? 例句,Are you going there alone or with some friends?
? Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?
? 注,
? (1) 用于否定句表, 也不,, 如,My father never smokes or drinks,
? (2) 表, 否则,,要不然,,如,Study hard,or you?ll fail in the exam,
? either… or…
? 例句,Most aircraft accidents occur at either take-off or landing,
? Either you or I am to blame,
? whether… or…
? 例句,Every one of you,whether old or young,poor or rich,have equal
opportunity to meet challenge,
? Whether I can get it or not is not very important,the point is I just want to have a
try,
? neither… nor
? 例句,Neither his parents nor he was there at that time,
? A good teacher must be neither too strict nor too weak,
? neither…
? 例句,Neither answer is correct,
? In neither case was a decision made,
? or else
? 例句,Come on,or else we?ll miss the train,
? The reference book must be here,or else you?ve lost it,
? otherwise
? 例句,Go home early – otherwise you parents will worry,
? You must study hard; otherwise you will not be able to learn English well,
? or otherwise
? 例句,Fine or otherwise,we shall have to go.= Whether it is fine or not,
? We ?ll get there somehow,by bus or otherwise,
? 3,表转折关系的连词 but,however,yet,whereas,
nevertheless/nonetheless,on the one hand…on the other hand
? but
? 例句,This book is very expensive but very useful,
? They met great difficulties but they didn?t give up hope,
? however
? 例句,The room is small for us,However,it is very comfortable,
? I?d like to go with you; however,I think I?d better not,
? yet
? 例句,Over 1,000 students took part in the test,yet only 20 passed,
? She is always quiet,yet she can?t help crying out loudly when she
heard the news,
? whereas
? 例句,All of us are busy,whereas he is lazy,
? Some people love him,whereas others hate him,
? nevertheless/nonetheless
? 例句,He was very tired,nevertheless he kept working far into the
night,
? He failed this time,nevertheless he has confidence to win next time,
? on the one hand…on the other hand
? 例句：, On the one hand I don?t like English very much,but on the
other hand I have to pass College English Test Band
? Four in order to graduate,” said the boy,
? On the one hand it rarely rains in the desert,but on the other hand it
rain a lot in the coastal areas,
? 4,表因果关系的连词 so,therefore,for,hence
? so
? 例句,He set the alarm on his watch so he wouldn?t oversleep,
? I had a toothache,so I went to the dentist this morning,
? therefore
? 例句,He is ill,and therefore can not come for class today,
? These wild animals are very rare and therefore protected by law,
? for
? 例句,I must be off now,for my parents are expecting me,
? You?d better take your umbrella with you,for it is going to rain,
? 注,for 用于连接两个句子时，通常须用逗号隔开，以免误解为
介词。
? hence
? 例句,The town was built near a bridge on the River Cam,hence the
name Cambridge,
? The new secretary was caught stealing and hence must be fired,
? II,从属连词
? 用于引导从句（定语从句，状语从句，名词从句），以构成句
子的一个部分或者修饰句子的构成要素。
? 1,引导名词从句的连词 that,if,whether,what,which,when,where,
why,how,who,whose,whom
? that
? 例句,It is certain that you will succeed,
? We have just heard the news that our team had won the football match,
? 注,
? （ 1） that 从句作主语时, that 不能省略 。
? （ 2） 在 certain,sure,pleased,glad,sorry 等词后的 that-clause 为名词从句 。
? （ 3） 可以用 that从句作直接宾语的及物动词有,hope,wish,expect,regret,
doubt,admit,deny,prove,say,hear,see,notice,know,understand,think,regret,
decide,report,explain,require,propose 等等, 如,
? It seems that you are sick today,= You seem to be sick today,
? It is said that he is our new boss,= He is said to be our new boss,
? if & whether
? 例句,I wonder if I should tell you the truth,
? Whether they will agree to it or not is still not clear,
? 注,
? (1) whether 与 or not 连用，但不能用 if 与 or not连用。
? (2) whether在引导状语从句时后面必须带 or not或者 or,
如,
? Whether or not he wins in the election,the audience will
support him,
? Whether right or wrong,he usually wins the argument,
? (3) 用于强调时用 no matter whether,如,
? No matter whether he succeeds or not in his research work,
he will be praised for his hard work,
? what & which
? 例句,Could you tell me what time it is?
? I don?t know which one we should choose,
? when,where,why,how
? 例句,I have no idea when he will be back from abroad,
? Do you know where Mr Green lives?
? Tell me why you come late,
? I really don?t know how he made it,
? who,whose,whom
? 例句,Could you tell me who won the gold medal?
? May I ask you whose car you are driving?
? I don?t know whom this dictionary belongs to,
? 2,引导状语从句的连词
? 1) 引导时间状语从句的连词
? when
? 例句,When I come tomorrow,I will bring you the latest news,
? When I called him,he was busy preparing for his final exam,
? 注,once 相当于 when,如,Once he arrives,we can start the
meeting,
? while
? 例句,He entered the room while his classmates were talking about
him,
? It started to rain while we were having a picnic,
? as
? 例句,As the guest speaker entered the hall,the audience applauded
continuously,
? As I was chatting with my classmate,the teacher came in,
? 注,当 as 和 while表示, 在,..期间, 时，动词通常用进行时。
? since
? 例句,Great changes have taken place in this area since last year,
? It is more than five years since I last saw him,
? 注：当 since表示, 自从, 时, 主句用现在完成时 。
? after
? 例句,After the guests left she began to wash the dishes,
? After I finish my homework I ?ll go shopping,
? before
? 例句,She had studied Chinese for five years before she came to
China,
? He had already left before I could say,thank you??,
? 注,
? （ 1） not… long before表示, 没过多久,..就,..”, 如,
? We hadn?t waited long before he came back from work,
? （ 2） It will be long before we meet again.表示, 很久以后才,..”,
但 It will not be long before we meet again 表示, 很快就会,..” 。
? till & until
? 例句,I had no idea about it until you told me,
? I waited in his office until he came back,
? 注,not… until 用于句首时后面用倒装句, 如,
? Not until he informed me of it did I know it is true,
? 此外, 常用 It is not until… that…,如,
? It is not until he failed in the exam that he knew he should study hard,
? as soon as & the moment
? 例句,I?ll let you about the latest development of that project as
soon as I come back from the meeting,
? The moment he saw her he recognized her,
? 注,as soon as,the moment 后面接从句相当于 no sooner.,than,
hardly/scarcely… when（ 通常与一般过去时连用 ）, 但 as soon as
可与任何时 态连用 。
? 2) 引导条件状语从句的连词
? unless
? 例句,You will fail in the exam unless you work harder,
? We?ll play the game unless it rains heavily,
? 注,unless表, 除非,..否则,,后面不能用 otherwise 与之连用。
? in case = if
? 例句,Keep the window closed in case it rains,
? In case he comes,let me know,
? provided (that)&providing (that) = if
? 例句,We shall go fishing provided that the weather is fine,
? I will go,provided that you go too,
? suppose & supposing = if
? 例句,Suppose it rains,what shall we do?
? Supposing something should go wrong,what would you do then?
? on condition (that) = only if
? 例句,I?ll come on condition that Mary is invited too,
? You can go swimming on condition that you don?t go too far from the bank,
? as long as & so long as = on condition that,if
? 例句,You can go out,as long as you promise to be back before midnight,
? Our profits will be good so long as the dollar remains strong,
? 3) 引导原因状语的连词
? because
? 例句,-- Why can?t I go? -- Because you are too young,
? Because it was getting dark,we hurried,
? since
? 例句,Since you can?t answer the question,perhaps we?d better ask someone else,
? Since everyone wanted to go home earlier,we finished the meeting in time,
? now that & now
? 例句,Now that everyone is here,we can start the meeting,
? Now you mention it,I do remember,
? as
? 例句,As he has no car,he can?t get there easily,
? As you are all here,we can work out a solution,
? 注,as 表原因后面不能与 so连用。
? seeing that & seeing
? 例句,Seeing that the time is up,we?ll wait no longer,
? Seeing that she is old enough to make her own decision,we should not stop her,
? 4) 引导让步状语从句的连词
? although,though,as
? 例句,Although/though he is very rich,he is not at all happy,
? Although he is an expert,he cannot solve all the problems,
? even if & even though
? 例句,He insisted on going there all alone,even though I told him not to,
? Even though we cannot attend his lecture,we can imagine how good it is,
? while
? 例句,While he is very diligent,his brother is very lazy
? While respected,he is not liked,
? whether…or
? 例句,Whether you believe it or not,it is true,
? Whether you are healthy or not,we don?t know,
? however,whatever,whenever,wherever
? 例句,However difficult it is,we?ll manage to fulfill our task,
? Whatever may occur,do what I told you to do,
? 5) 引导方式状语从句的连词
? as
? 例句,I have told you the story just as it happened,
? As is to man as water is to fish,
? as if & as though
? 例句,He speaks Japanese as if /as though he were a Japanese,
? It looks as if/ though he had fully recovered,
? 注,当 as if （ 较 as though更为常用 ） 和 as though 引导状语从句
时, 谓语动词通常 用虚拟语气 。 若用陈述语气表示所述情况实
现的可能性较大或者是事实 。
? according as依据,按照,如果
? 例句,You will be praised or criticized according as your work is
good or bad,
? According as I have the money,I?ll go,
? 6) 引导目的状语从句的连词
? so that & in order that
? 例句,I am going to get up early tomorrow morning so
that I won?t be late for class,
? Work hard so that you can pass the exam,
? He saved enough money in order that he could buy a new
computer,
? lest,for fear that,in case
? 例句,My classmates all study hard lest they should fail in
the final exam,
? She left an hour early for fear that she should miss the train,
? You?d better take your umbrella in case it rains,
? 7) 引导结果状语从句的连词
? so…that
? 例句,Our new teacher speaks so fast that we can hardly
follow her,
? He is so kind a man that everyone here loves to ask him for
help,
? so,so that,that
? 例句,We were caught in the traffic jam,so that we were
all later that day,
? He came very early,so he got a ticket for the concert,
? What have I said that they all laughed at me?
Exercises for Conjunctions
Homework
? Exercise 30A on Pages 508-509
? Exercise 30B on Pages 510-511
? Exercise 30C on Pages 514-515
? Exercise 31A on Pages 520-521
? Exercise 31B on Pages 525-526
? Exercise 31C on Pages 526-527
? Exercise 31D on Pages 538-539
? Exercise 31E on Pages 539-540
? Exercise 32A on Pages 546-547
? Exercise 32B on Pages 547-548
? Exercise 32C on Pages 548-549
? Exercise 32D on Pages 553-554
? Exercise 32E on Pages 556-557
? Exercise 32F on Page 558
? Exercise 32G on Pages 558-561
? Exercise 32H on Pages 563-564
? Exercise 32I on Pages 567-569
