Lecture 27,Direct and Indirect Speech
? 定义
? 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话, 并在原话前后加引
号 。
? 例,He said:" It is too late."
? 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话, 多数以宾语从
句的形式构成 。
? 例,He said it was too late,
? 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
? 第一：人称的变化 。
? 主语为第一人称的直接引语, 变间接引语时, 人称要
做相应调整 。 例如,
? 直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
? 间接引语 She said she was hungry,
? 第二：时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的
时态一致。其规律如下图。
?
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
将来进行时 过去将来进行时
将来完成时 过去将来完成时
? 注意,
? 1.直接引语为客观真理时, 间接引语时态不变, 仍用一
般现在时 。
? 例如,Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the
earth."
? Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth,
? 2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时,
间接引语仍用一般过去时 。
? 例如,She said:" I went to England in 1998."
? She said she went to England in 1998,
? 3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 间接引语时
态不变 。
? He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
? He says that he bought me a book yesterday,
? 第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词
的变化。
? 第四：句式上的变化
? 1,直接引语是陈述句, 变成间接引语, 由连词 that 引
导 。 例如,
? She said:,I am very happy to help you.”
? She said that she was very happy to help you,
? 2,直接引语是一般, 选择或反问疑问句, 变成间接引
语, 由连词 whether或 if 引导 。 例如,
? He asked me:,Do you come from China?”
? He asked me if/whether I came from China,
? 注意,大多数情况下, if,whether 可以互换, 但句中出
现 or not,或放在介词后作连接词, 只用 whether。 例如,
? She asked whether he could do it or not,
? They cried out whether he was all right,
? 3,直接引语是特殊疑问句, 变成间接引语, 由相应的疑问词
who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导 。 例如,
? My sister asked me,, Who is your friend?”
? My sister asked me who my friend was,
? 4.祈使句变间接引语, 一改二变三加四去 。
? 一改,said (to) 改为 asked或 told,ordered等
? 二变,said to 的宾语或呼语变为 asked等的宾语
? 三加：即在动词原形前加 to,使成为动词不定式
? 四去：去掉 please
? 例,He said to her:" Don't take the book away."
? He asked her not to take the book away,
? 5.感叹句变为间接引语
? "What awful weather it is!" she said,
? She complained about the awful weather,
? "What a bright girl you are." He said to me,
? He praised me that I was a bright girl,
? NOTES
? （ 1） 直接引语是客观事实, 永恒真理, 变成间接引语时, 时态
不变 。 例如,
? They told their son:,The earth goes round the sun.”
? They told their son that the earth goes round the sun,
? （ 2） 直接引语变间接引语时, 指示代词, 时间, 地点状语作相
应的变化 。 例如,
? this/that,these/those,now/then,today/that day,yesterday—the day
before,last year---the year before,ago—before,here---there
? （ 3） 直接引语是复合句, 以 since,when,while 引导的状语从句,
变成间接引语时, 只改变主句的时态, 不改变从句的时态 。 例
如,
? He said,,Jim is doing his homework when his father came in.”
? He said that Jim was doing his homework when his father came in,
? （ 4） 间接引语一定要用陈述句的语序, 即主, 谓, 宾的顺序 。
? 例如,They asked:, where are you from?”
? They asked where you were from,
TEM4-05
Homework
? Exercise 35A on Pages 608-609
? Exercise 35B on Pages 610-611
? Exercise 35C on Pages 613-614
? Exercise 35D on Page 614
? Exercise 35E on Pages 616-617
? Exercise 35F on Pages 617-620
? Exercise 35G on Page 620
? 预习 第 36讲 （ 621-642页）
? 定义
? 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话, 并在原话前后加引
号 。
? 例,He said:" It is too late."
? 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话, 多数以宾语从
句的形式构成 。
? 例,He said it was too late,
? 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
? 第一：人称的变化 。
? 主语为第一人称的直接引语, 变间接引语时, 人称要
做相应调整 。 例如,
? 直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
? 间接引语 She said she was hungry,
? 第二：时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的
时态一致。其规律如下图。
?
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
将来进行时 过去将来进行时
将来完成时 过去将来完成时
? 注意,
? 1.直接引语为客观真理时, 间接引语时态不变, 仍用一
般现在时 。
? 例如,Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the
earth."
? Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth,
? 2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时,
间接引语仍用一般过去时 。
? 例如,She said:" I went to England in 1998."
? She said she went to England in 1998,
? 3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 间接引语时
态不变 。
? He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
? He says that he bought me a book yesterday,
? 第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词
的变化。
? 第四：句式上的变化
? 1,直接引语是陈述句, 变成间接引语, 由连词 that 引
导 。 例如,
? She said:,I am very happy to help you.”
? She said that she was very happy to help you,
? 2,直接引语是一般, 选择或反问疑问句, 变成间接引
语, 由连词 whether或 if 引导 。 例如,
? He asked me:,Do you come from China?”
? He asked me if/whether I came from China,
? 注意,大多数情况下, if,whether 可以互换, 但句中出
现 or not,或放在介词后作连接词, 只用 whether。 例如,
? She asked whether he could do it or not,
? They cried out whether he was all right,
? 3,直接引语是特殊疑问句, 变成间接引语, 由相应的疑问词
who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导 。 例如,
? My sister asked me,, Who is your friend?”
? My sister asked me who my friend was,
? 4.祈使句变间接引语, 一改二变三加四去 。
? 一改,said (to) 改为 asked或 told,ordered等
? 二变,said to 的宾语或呼语变为 asked等的宾语
? 三加：即在动词原形前加 to,使成为动词不定式
? 四去：去掉 please
? 例,He said to her:" Don't take the book away."
? He asked her not to take the book away,
? 5.感叹句变为间接引语
? "What awful weather it is!" she said,
? She complained about the awful weather,
? "What a bright girl you are." He said to me,
? He praised me that I was a bright girl,
? NOTES
? （ 1） 直接引语是客观事实, 永恒真理, 变成间接引语时, 时态
不变 。 例如,
? They told their son:,The earth goes round the sun.”
? They told their son that the earth goes round the sun,
? （ 2） 直接引语变间接引语时, 指示代词, 时间, 地点状语作相
应的变化 。 例如,
? this/that,these/those,now/then,today/that day,yesterday—the day
before,last year---the year before,ago—before,here---there
? （ 3） 直接引语是复合句, 以 since,when,while 引导的状语从句,
变成间接引语时, 只改变主句的时态, 不改变从句的时态 。 例
如,
? He said,,Jim is doing his homework when his father came in.”
? He said that Jim was doing his homework when his father came in,
? （ 4） 间接引语一定要用陈述句的语序, 即主, 谓, 宾的顺序 。
? 例如,They asked:, where are you from?”
? They asked where you were from,
TEM4-05
Homework
? Exercise 35A on Pages 608-609
? Exercise 35B on Pages 610-611
? Exercise 35C on Pages 613-614
? Exercise 35D on Page 614
? Exercise 35E on Pages 616-617
? Exercise 35F on Pages 617-620
? Exercise 35G on Page 620
? 预习 第 36讲 （ 621-642页）
