Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Unit Ten
Text A
Back to Nature
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Unit Ten Text A
I,Pre-reading Task
II,Related Information
III,Detailed Study
IV,Outline& Summary
V,Home Assignment
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
I,Pre-reading Task,
1,What are the main differences between city life and country life?
2,Which do you like better? City life or country life? Why?
Back
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
II,Related Information,city
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
,
A,词汇解释
1,contrast v./n,
III,Detailed Study,
v.① 使对比,使对照 (vt.)
In this book the writer contrasts good with evil,
在这本书里,作者将善与恶进行了对比 。
② 形成对照 (vi.)
The poet's robust constitution contrasts in a striking way with his
sentimental poetry,
诗人强壮的体格与其伤感的诗歌形成了鲜明的对比 。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
n.① 比较,对比
Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is
when seen alone,
对比可以使某物显得比单独看时更美 。
② (不同之物在一起所出现的 )差异
The contrast of light and shade is important in photography,
明暗的差异配合在摄影术上是很重要的。
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, contrastive adj,对比的 ; contrastively adv,
对比地 ; contrasty adj,明暗差别强烈的
近形词, contract n,合同,契约 ; v,使缩短,订约
[常用短语 ] to contrast sharply with 与 …… 形成鲜明对照 ; in
contrast to/with 和 …… 对比起来
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2,concrete n./adj,
n.① 混凝土
Concrete is used for foundations,whole buildings,sidewalks,etc,
混凝土用于打地基, 建造整座楼, 修筑人行道等等 。
② 具体物
He has no idea of poverty in the concrete,
他并不具体了解贫困是怎么一回事 。
adj,明确的,具体的
The lawyer had concrete evidence of his client's innocence,
那位律师有证明他的委托人清白无辜的真凭实据。
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[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, concretely adv,具体地 ; concretion n,凝 固,
具体化 ; concretize v,使具体化,使有形化 ; concretist n,
具体主义者 ; concretive adj,有凝结力的,有凝结性
[常用短语 ] to be more concrete 说得更具体点
3,convince vt,
① 使相信,使确信
I m absolutely convinced that the plan would work,
我绝对相信这个计划是可行的 。
② 使认识错误 (或行为 )
I couldn't convince him of his mistake,我无法使他认识错误。
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[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, convinced adj,确信的,深信的 ;
convincible adj,可说服的,可使信服的 ; convincing adj,
令人信服的,有力的,令人心悦诚服的 ; convincingly
adv,信服地,有说服力地
形近词, convive n,共桌用餐的人 ; convivial adj,欢宴的,欢乐的
[常用短语 ] convince of 使 …… 相信
4,isolate v,使隔离,使孤立
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
The patients should be isolated from the rest,
这些病人应该与其他人隔离开来 。
They did everything they could to isolate the enemies,
他们用尽各种办法把敌人孤立起来。
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, isolated adj,隔离的,孤立的 ; isolation n,
隔绝,孤立,隔离,绝缘
[常用短语 ] isolate … from 与 …… 隔绝
5.breed v,
① 引起,造成
War breeds misery and ruin,战争造成苦难与灾害 。
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② 教养,培养
They were young men bred in the most cultivated society,
他们是从最有教养的社会里培养出来的人 。
③ (动物 )生产,孕育
Birds breed in the spring,乌类在春季繁殖。
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, breeder n.(动物 )饲养者,种畜 ; breeding n,
饲养,教养
形近词, breeze n,微风,煤屑,焦炭渣,轻而易举的事,小风波 vi,
吹微风,逃走
[常用短语 ] breed in and in v,同种繁殖 ; breed out and out v,异种
繁殖
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
6,compromise n,折衷办法，妥协方案，妥协，和解
[常用短语 ] agree to / reach a compromise 达成和解
7,preference n,偏爱
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, prefer vt,更喜欢，宁愿 ; preferable adj,
更喜欢的，更合意的
[常用短语 ] have a preference for … 特别喜欢 ……
8,sensitivity n,敏感，灵敏度
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, sense n,感官，感觉 ; senseless a,无知觉
的，无感觉的 ; sensation n,感觉，知觉 ; sensational a,
感觉的，轰动的 ; sensible a,感觉的得到，可觉察的 ;
sensibility n,感觉（力），敏感性，感受性 ; sensitive
a,敏感的，容易感受的 ; sensitize v,使敏感，变敏感 ;
sensitometer n,感光计，曝光表
9,lean v./adj,
v.① 倚,靠
He stood leaning against the sofa,他倚着沙发站着 。
② 倾斜,屈身
The tree was leaning toward the south,那棵树向南倾斜 。
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He leaned forward to hear what she said,他探过身去昕她说话。
adj.① 瘦的
He was a tall lean youth,他是个瘦削的高个子青年 。
② 收益差的 ; 贫 瘠 的
a lean year 歉收年 lean soil 贫 瘠 土壤
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, leaning n,倾斜,倾向
形近词, leak v,漏,渗 ; leap v,跳,跃
[常用短语 ] lean against 靠着,倚着 ; lean on/upon 靠着,依赖 ; lean
over backwards 走另一极端
10.chew v,
① 咀嚼,嚼咽
Chew your food well before you swallow it,细嚼慢咽 。
② 细想,深思
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Just chew those facts over,and let me know your opinion,
你把这些证据细想一下,然后将意见告诉我。
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, chewy adj.(食物 )耐嚼的,不易嚼碎的
[常用短语 ] chew on/upon/over 考虑 ; chew up 嚼碎,毁 坏，消耗
B,词组用法
1,in opposition to 与 …… 相反,反对
与这个短语相似的表达还有 be opposed to
His views are in opposition to mine,
他的意见与我的相反 。
We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between
nations,
我们坚 决 反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。
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2,head out 出发,启程
I must get there before dark,I'm going to head out,
天黑前我一定要到那儿,我要出发了 。
The train left the station and headed out to Beijing,
火车离开车站向北京方向开去。
3,belong to [无 被动式 ] 属于,为 ……( 组织 )的一员
They belong to a younger generation,他们属于年轻的一代 。
He belongs to the tennis club,他是网球俱乐部的成员。
4,in that 因为,在于
In that he is ill,he feels unable to do it,
因为生病,他觉得不可能做这件事 。
He differs from us in that he dislikes most games,
他与我们不同的地方在于大部分娱乐他都不喜欢。
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5,turn to
① 求助于,依靠
Don't hesitate to turn to us if you are in difficulty,
你要是有困难,尽管来找我们好了 。
② 翻到
Please turn to page twelve,请翻到第 12 页 。
③ (把注意力等 )转到
Now let us turn to another aspect of the problem,
现在我们再谈这问题的另一个方面 。
④ 变成
When water freezes,it turns to ice,当水冻结时就变成冰。
6,come to an end 结束,告终
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与这个短语相似的表达还有 draw to a close
It wasn't until the program came to an end that he turned off the radio,
直到节目结束,他才关了收音机 。
Our conference is drawing to a close,我们会议就要结束了。
7,leave behind 丢下,忘带 ; 遗留 ; 把 …… 丢在后面
The conductor reminded the passengers not to leave their luggage
behind when they got off the trains,
列车员提醒旅客们下火车时别把自己的行李忘在车上 。
Lei Feng left an undying example behind-
雷锋同志留下 了一 个 不 朽的榜样 。
The best runner was rapidly leaving the others behind,
那位跑得最快的运动员迅速地把其他运动员甩在后面。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
8,take to 喜欢上 ; 从事 ; 养成 …… 习惯
The public didn't take kindly to that novel,
公众对这本小说不太喜欢 。
When he learned of the usefulness of foreign languages,he took to
studying English with great zeal,
当他知道了外语的用处后,就开始以巨大的热情学习英语 。
He took to collecting stamps in his spare time,他养成了在业
余时间集邮的习惯。
C,疑难词语辨析
1,contrast (v.) 和 compare(v.)
这两个词都有 "比较,对比 "的含义 。
contrast 意味着考察两个事物相异之处,对比的色彩较浓 ; 或把两
个事物放在 一 起使差异突出, 明显 。
compare 常与介词 to 或 with 连用,但意思有区别 。 compare to 常
用于抽象的比较,总是意味着两者 (或两者以上 )有相似之处 ;
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compare with 用于具体的比较,是衡量优劣的意思 。 但现在也可
以用 compare to 代替 compare with 的含义 。
They often contrasted the living conditions in peace and in war,
他们常常拿和平时期的生活条件和战争年代相比 。
People often compare teachers to gardeners,
人们常把教师比作园丁 。
Compared with Asia and Africa,Oceania is the smallest,
与亚洲、非洲相比,大洋洲是最小的洲。
2,advantage (n.),benefit (n.) 和 profit (n.)
这组词都有 "利益,好处 "之意 。
advantage 主要指优越的条件或胜过他人的地位,而获得到的, 利
益,好处,优势 "等 。 advantage 还可以与其他词一起构成惯用语,
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
如,have/gain/win an advantage over(占 /赢得优势 ),take advantage
of sth.(利用 )等 。
benefit 侧重指一个人得到物质方面或精神方面的好处,也指恩惠 。
比 advantage 有更为直接和实际的 "利益 "。
profit 侧重指金钱上 "获利, 赢利 "。 有时也指一般的 "利益, 好处 "
等 。
A good knowledge of a foreign language is a great advantage in doing
research work,
精通一种外国语对于研究工作是一个很大的优越条件 。
He does morning exercises for the benefit of his health,
他为对健康有利而做早操 。
The Times has a clear profit of 1000 dollars a day on advertisements
alone,泰晤士报仅在广告方面一天就有 1000 美元的纯利 。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
3,whereas(conj.),while (conj.) 和 but (conj.)
whereas 意为 然而,却 ",表示对比 。
while 意为, 当 …… 的时候 ; 虽然,尽管 ; 然而,,表示对比时,一
般
可以与 whereas通用 。 but 意为 "可是,但是 ",表示转折,语 气较强 。
He can speak English whereas (while) his brother can speak French,
他会说英语,而他的兄弟会说法语 。
While the work was difficult,it was very interesting,
虽然这工作困难,却很有意思 。
Life is limited,but there is no limit to serving the people,
生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。 D,课文内容提要
When city people are asked where they prefer to live,going back to
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
nature or staying in the city,the advantages and disadvantages of
living in the county have long been a subject of discussion among
many of them,Some would like to go back to nature because they
feel city life is dirty and noisy,impersonal and isolated,and they
think in the country they can enjoy a peaceful and quiet life,The
fresh air,the open spaces,the friendly people and gentle peace of
living are all that they dream of,However,they would hesitate if they
are asked to make their real decision,They would find country life
dull,hard and inconvenient,They can not live without any
excitement,especially joys of night life in the city,
E,课文章点难点详解
1,It has been suggested that the superficial differences between the
two-wide-open spaces contrasting with brick and concrete ——
are less important than the contrasting attitudes towards town and
country,(paragraph 1,line 2)
有人认为两者间的表面差别 —— 开阔的空间与砖石水泥对照下
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
形成的差别 —— 并没有在对待城乡态度上的差别那么重要。
① It has been suggested that,.,人们认为 ……
suggest 表示, 认为,指出,暗示,表明, 时,其后的从句不必用虚拟
语气 。
I’d like to suggest that it was put in the wrong place,
我想指出,它放的位置不对 。
Her expression suggested that she was angry,
她的表情说明她在生气 。
② superficial 表面的,肤浅的
superficial differences 表面差别
She only had a superficial wound on her hand,
她只是手上有点表面外伤 。
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They have only a superficial knowledge of the subject,
他们对那门学科的知识很肤浅 。
③ concrete 混凝土 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土
2,I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given
the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt
and noise of a large city.(paragraph 2,line 1)
许多城里人总是说,如果让我们选择,我们宁愿住在远离大都市
的乡村,那里没有污秽与喧嚣,我就是这些人中的一个。
①,.,are always saying..,
有时某些频度副词与现在进行时连用时,可用来代替一般现在时,
表示一个经常性动作或状态,这时是为 了 表示一种赞叹或厌烦等
感情 。 例如,
He is always thinking of the revolutionary work,
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
他总是想着革命工作 。 (表示赞许 )
He is constantly leaving things 'about,
他老是把东西到处乱扔 。 (表示不满 )
② given the choice,.,
该过去分词短语相当于 if we were given the choice,.,。 过去分词
短语作状语表示原因时,间或也可表示一个假设的情况,相当于一
个条件状语从句 。 例如,
Given better attention,the cabbages could have grown better,
(=If they had been given,..)
如果管理得好一些,这些大白菜还可以长得好一点 。
③ prefer to (do),宁愿 …… 不愿 ……
3,I have managed to convince myself that if it weren't for my job I
would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to
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nature in some sleepy village buried in the country,(paragraph 2,the
last 3 lines)
我已设法使自己确信,要不是因为工作关系,我会立即奔向那广
阔的空间,回归自然,生活在深藏于原野的某个寂静的村庄。
① manage to do 指设法做到 (成功的事 ),含有 succeed in doing sth,
的意思 。
By helping each other they managed to overcome the difficulties,
通过互相帮助,他们终于克服了困难 。
② if it were not,虚拟语气,意为 "要不是 …… "。
If it weren't for their support,we would be in a very difficult
position,
要不是有他们的支持,我们的处境会很困难 。
③ head out,出发,启程
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4,But how realistic is this dream?
但是，这个梦想又有多少现实性呢。
5,Children become aggressive and nervous —— cooped up at home all
day,with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of
the world,
儿童整天禁锢在家中，没地方可玩，会变得暴躁好斗，神经紧
张；他们的母亲则会感到自己与外界隔绝。
coop up 禁闭,禁锢
6,… nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don't even
say hello to each other (paragraph3,lim7)
…… 现在, 住在同一楼层的人甚至彼此间连招呼也不打。
Say hello / hi to(sb.),向 …… 问好
Say hello/hi to your uncle,代我问候你叔叔 。
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Let's drive over there tomorrow afternoon and say hello to him,
明天下午我们去那里问候他吧 。
类似结构的词组还有, say yes to (赞同,支持 ),say no to (反对,不
支持 ),say good-bye to (向 …… 告别 ),say sorry to (向 …… 道歉 )等。
7,Country life,on the other hand,differs from this kind of isolated
existence in that a sense of community generally binds the
inhabitants of small villages together,
另一方面,乡村生活却不同于这种与世隔绝的生活,因为一种群
体感往往把小村庄的居民紧密联系在一起。
① in that,because 因为
I prefer his plan to yours,in that I think it is more practical,
我赞成他的计划而不赞成你的计划, 因为他的计划更实际 。
② a sense of community 群体感
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8,… there is always someone to turn to when they need help,
…… 他们知道,一旦需要帮助,总有人可找。
turn to
① to appeal to for aid 求助于
那位孤儿没有人可以求助 。
② to change into 变成
Water turns to ice at zero,到零度, 水就变成冰 。
③ to begin something or doing something different 转向
After he left the university he became a teacher,but he later turned
to translation,
大学毕业后他当了老师，但不久他就转向翻译工作。
9,While it is true that you may be among friends in a village,it is also
true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events
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that take place in cities,
在村庄里,你的确会生活在朋友之中,但你同时也 就 被隔绝于发
生在城里的那些激动人心的重大的事件之外。
① while it is true that … in a village 是让步状语从句 。
② cut off,to disconnect 切断, 断绝, 删除
We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation,
在我们的通话中，电话断线了。
10,… and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on
an expedition to the nearest large town,(paragraph 4,line 8)
…… 为了买一件稍微不寻常的东西,你也得长途跋涉去最近的一
个大城镇购买。
① slightly(adv.),稍微,有点
The patient is slightly better today,病人今天稍有好转 。
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② out of the ordinary,不寻常的,特殊的
Such a long delay is out of the ordinary,
耽搁这么长的时 间 是少有的 。
The performance was nothing out of the ordinary,演出很平常 。
③ go on 的含义较多,在此句中 表 示, 为 …… (某一目的 )而去, 。
一般接名词 。
It's time I went on a refresher course,I'm getting out of touch with
modern techniques,
我近来没接触现代科技,现在确实是我该到新科技动态学习班
去进修的时候了 。
go on a trip/a journey 去旅行
go on an embassy 去做大使
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11,Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between
the two,they have expressed their preference … within
commuting distance of the large conurbations,
一些人己找到了 (或许应该说是买到了 )两者之间的折衷办法, 他
们表示愿意在能够乘班车来往于两地的情况下,离开郊区迁居
到乡下去过那种 "平静的生活 "。
① or rather,more exactly(truly); it would be better to say
更 确切地说, 倒不如说
He came home very late last night,or rather very early this
morning,
他昨天晚上, 倒不如说是今天早上, 回来得很晚,
② a compromise between the two 两者之间的折衷办法
12,They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic
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flowers they heave behind —— they are polluted … which they
force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages,
一般说来,他们现在具有的敏感程度与他们留在城里的塑料花相
差无几 —— 对待变化和进步,他们受到一些奇怪想法的影响,他
们还把这些奇怪的想法强行灌输给那些并非愿 意 接受的原有的
村民。
① plastic flower 塑料花 ；貌似的东西
② leave behind,to fail to take or bring,esp,by accident 留下,
丢下, 忘记携带
I think I left my credit card at the restaurant,我想我把信用
卡掉在餐馆了 。
③ force on to/onto,to cause sth,to be accepted by (an unwilling
person) 强加
They didn’t want the war,It was forced onto them,
他们不想要战争，战争是强加给他们的。
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13,What then of my dreams of,.,(paragraph 6,line 1)
那么,我的那些 …… 梦想又将如何呢?
what of,…… 怎么样?/ 你以为 …… 如何?/ …… 有什么要紧?
What of him? 他的近况如何?
Yes,I wrote it,What of it? 是我写的,那又怎么样?
(或, 那又有优么了不起呢?)
14,I’m keen on the idea,…
我渴望实现这一梦想。
be keen on/about,to be interested in; have a strong liking for
渴望, 喜爱, 爱好
He is keen on going abroad,他渴望出国。
15.,.,can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down on the
farm?(paragraph6,line 4)
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
…… 你能指望它会与农庄的那些健壮的雄猫打成一片吗?
mix with 意为 "与 …… 混合 /结合 /交往 " 。
Oil won't mix with water,油和水不相溶 。
In my job,I mix with all sorts of people,
在工作中,我和各种各,样的人交往。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
IV,Outline & Summary,
I) Outline,
A,Advantages and disadvantages of city life,
1,Advantages,You are at the center of things; Life lasts until
late at night,
2,Disadvantages,dirty,noisy and impersonal; The sense of
belonging to a community disappears,
B,Advantages and disadvantages of country life,
1,Advantages,You have a sense of togetherness; You enjoy a
peaceful and quiet life,
2,Disadvantages,being cut off from the exciting and
important events taking place in cities; little possibility of
going to a new show or the latest movie; Shopping becomes a
major problem,
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
II) Summary,
When city-dwellers are asked where they prefer to live,some
would like to go back to nature because they feel city life is dirty
and noisy,impersonal and isolated,and they think in the
countryside they can enjoy a peaceful and quiet life,The fresh air,
the open spaces,the friendly people and gentle peace of living are
all that they dream of,However,they would hesitate if they are
asked to make their real decision,They would find country life
dull,hard and inconvenient,They can not live without any
excitement,especially joys of night life in the city,
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
V,Home Assignment,
1,Recite Text A;
2,Finish the exercises after text A;
3,Prepare for a quiz on Text A;
4,Unit 1 Passage A,B,(Extensive Course ),
Back
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Unit Ten
Text A
Back to Nature
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Unit Ten Text A
I,Pre-reading Task
II,Related Information
III,Detailed Study
IV,Outline& Summary
V,Home Assignment
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
I,Pre-reading Task,
1,What are the main differences between city life and country life?
2,Which do you like better? City life or country life? Why?
Back
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
II,Related Information,city
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
,
A,词汇解释
1,contrast v./n,
III,Detailed Study,
v.① 使对比,使对照 (vt.)
In this book the writer contrasts good with evil,
在这本书里,作者将善与恶进行了对比 。
② 形成对照 (vi.)
The poet's robust constitution contrasts in a striking way with his
sentimental poetry,
诗人强壮的体格与其伤感的诗歌形成了鲜明的对比 。
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n.① 比较,对比
Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is
when seen alone,
对比可以使某物显得比单独看时更美 。
② (不同之物在一起所出现的 )差异
The contrast of light and shade is important in photography,
明暗的差异配合在摄影术上是很重要的。
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, contrastive adj,对比的 ; contrastively adv,
对比地 ; contrasty adj,明暗差别强烈的
近形词, contract n,合同,契约 ; v,使缩短,订约
[常用短语 ] to contrast sharply with 与 …… 形成鲜明对照 ; in
contrast to/with 和 …… 对比起来
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
2,concrete n./adj,
n.① 混凝土
Concrete is used for foundations,whole buildings,sidewalks,etc,
混凝土用于打地基, 建造整座楼, 修筑人行道等等 。
② 具体物
He has no idea of poverty in the concrete,
他并不具体了解贫困是怎么一回事 。
adj,明确的,具体的
The lawyer had concrete evidence of his client's innocence,
那位律师有证明他的委托人清白无辜的真凭实据。
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[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, concretely adv,具体地 ; concretion n,凝 固,
具体化 ; concretize v,使具体化,使有形化 ; concretist n,
具体主义者 ; concretive adj,有凝结力的,有凝结性
[常用短语 ] to be more concrete 说得更具体点
3,convince vt,
① 使相信,使确信
I m absolutely convinced that the plan would work,
我绝对相信这个计划是可行的 。
② 使认识错误 (或行为 )
I couldn't convince him of his mistake,我无法使他认识错误。
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[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, convinced adj,确信的,深信的 ;
convincible adj,可说服的,可使信服的 ; convincing adj,
令人信服的,有力的,令人心悦诚服的 ; convincingly
adv,信服地,有说服力地
形近词, convive n,共桌用餐的人 ; convivial adj,欢宴的,欢乐的
[常用短语 ] convince of 使 …… 相信
4,isolate v,使隔离,使孤立
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
The patients should be isolated from the rest,
这些病人应该与其他人隔离开来 。
They did everything they could to isolate the enemies,
他们用尽各种办法把敌人孤立起来。
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, isolated adj,隔离的,孤立的 ; isolation n,
隔绝,孤立,隔离,绝缘
[常用短语 ] isolate … from 与 …… 隔绝
5.breed v,
① 引起,造成
War breeds misery and ruin,战争造成苦难与灾害 。
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② 教养,培养
They were young men bred in the most cultivated society,
他们是从最有教养的社会里培养出来的人 。
③ (动物 )生产,孕育
Birds breed in the spring,乌类在春季繁殖。
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, breeder n.(动物 )饲养者,种畜 ; breeding n,
饲养,教养
形近词, breeze n,微风,煤屑,焦炭渣,轻而易举的事,小风波 vi,
吹微风,逃走
[常用短语 ] breed in and in v,同种繁殖 ; breed out and out v,异种
繁殖
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
6,compromise n,折衷办法，妥协方案，妥协，和解
[常用短语 ] agree to / reach a compromise 达成和解
7,preference n,偏爱
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, prefer vt,更喜欢，宁愿 ; preferable adj,
更喜欢的，更合意的
[常用短语 ] have a preference for … 特别喜欢 ……
8,sensitivity n,敏感，灵敏度
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, sense n,感官，感觉 ; senseless a,无知觉
的，无感觉的 ; sensation n,感觉，知觉 ; sensational a,
感觉的，轰动的 ; sensible a,感觉的得到，可觉察的 ;
sensibility n,感觉（力），敏感性，感受性 ; sensitive
a,敏感的，容易感受的 ; sensitize v,使敏感，变敏感 ;
sensitometer n,感光计，曝光表
9,lean v./adj,
v.① 倚,靠
He stood leaning against the sofa,他倚着沙发站着 。
② 倾斜,屈身
The tree was leaning toward the south,那棵树向南倾斜 。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
He leaned forward to hear what she said,他探过身去昕她说话。
adj.① 瘦的
He was a tall lean youth,他是个瘦削的高个子青年 。
② 收益差的 ; 贫 瘠 的
a lean year 歉收年 lean soil 贫 瘠 土壤
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, leaning n,倾斜,倾向
形近词, leak v,漏,渗 ; leap v,跳,跃
[常用短语 ] lean against 靠着,倚着 ; lean on/upon 靠着,依赖 ; lean
over backwards 走另一极端
10.chew v,
① 咀嚼,嚼咽
Chew your food well before you swallow it,细嚼慢咽 。
② 细想,深思
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Just chew those facts over,and let me know your opinion,
你把这些证据细想一下,然后将意见告诉我。
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词, chewy adj.(食物 )耐嚼的,不易嚼碎的
[常用短语 ] chew on/upon/over 考虑 ; chew up 嚼碎,毁 坏，消耗
B,词组用法
1,in opposition to 与 …… 相反,反对
与这个短语相似的表达还有 be opposed to
His views are in opposition to mine,
他的意见与我的相反 。
We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between
nations,
我们坚 决 反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
2,head out 出发,启程
I must get there before dark,I'm going to head out,
天黑前我一定要到那儿,我要出发了 。
The train left the station and headed out to Beijing,
火车离开车站向北京方向开去。
3,belong to [无 被动式 ] 属于,为 ……( 组织 )的一员
They belong to a younger generation,他们属于年轻的一代 。
He belongs to the tennis club,他是网球俱乐部的成员。
4,in that 因为,在于
In that he is ill,he feels unable to do it,
因为生病,他觉得不可能做这件事 。
He differs from us in that he dislikes most games,
他与我们不同的地方在于大部分娱乐他都不喜欢。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
5,turn to
① 求助于,依靠
Don't hesitate to turn to us if you are in difficulty,
你要是有困难,尽管来找我们好了 。
② 翻到
Please turn to page twelve,请翻到第 12 页 。
③ (把注意力等 )转到
Now let us turn to another aspect of the problem,
现在我们再谈这问题的另一个方面 。
④ 变成
When water freezes,it turns to ice,当水冻结时就变成冰。
6,come to an end 结束,告终
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与这个短语相似的表达还有 draw to a close
It wasn't until the program came to an end that he turned off the radio,
直到节目结束,他才关了收音机 。
Our conference is drawing to a close,我们会议就要结束了。
7,leave behind 丢下,忘带 ; 遗留 ; 把 …… 丢在后面
The conductor reminded the passengers not to leave their luggage
behind when they got off the trains,
列车员提醒旅客们下火车时别把自己的行李忘在车上 。
Lei Feng left an undying example behind-
雷锋同志留下 了一 个 不 朽的榜样 。
The best runner was rapidly leaving the others behind,
那位跑得最快的运动员迅速地把其他运动员甩在后面。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
8,take to 喜欢上 ; 从事 ; 养成 …… 习惯
The public didn't take kindly to that novel,
公众对这本小说不太喜欢 。
When he learned of the usefulness of foreign languages,he took to
studying English with great zeal,
当他知道了外语的用处后,就开始以巨大的热情学习英语 。
He took to collecting stamps in his spare time,他养成了在业
余时间集邮的习惯。
C,疑难词语辨析
1,contrast (v.) 和 compare(v.)
这两个词都有 "比较,对比 "的含义 。
contrast 意味着考察两个事物相异之处,对比的色彩较浓 ; 或把两
个事物放在 一 起使差异突出, 明显 。
compare 常与介词 to 或 with 连用,但意思有区别 。 compare to 常
用于抽象的比较,总是意味着两者 (或两者以上 )有相似之处 ;
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
compare with 用于具体的比较,是衡量优劣的意思 。 但现在也可
以用 compare to 代替 compare with 的含义 。
They often contrasted the living conditions in peace and in war,
他们常常拿和平时期的生活条件和战争年代相比 。
People often compare teachers to gardeners,
人们常把教师比作园丁 。
Compared with Asia and Africa,Oceania is the smallest,
与亚洲、非洲相比,大洋洲是最小的洲。
2,advantage (n.),benefit (n.) 和 profit (n.)
这组词都有 "利益,好处 "之意 。
advantage 主要指优越的条件或胜过他人的地位,而获得到的, 利
益,好处,优势 "等 。 advantage 还可以与其他词一起构成惯用语,
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
如,have/gain/win an advantage over(占 /赢得优势 ),take advantage
of sth.(利用 )等 。
benefit 侧重指一个人得到物质方面或精神方面的好处,也指恩惠 。
比 advantage 有更为直接和实际的 "利益 "。
profit 侧重指金钱上 "获利, 赢利 "。 有时也指一般的 "利益, 好处 "
等 。
A good knowledge of a foreign language is a great advantage in doing
research work,
精通一种外国语对于研究工作是一个很大的优越条件 。
He does morning exercises for the benefit of his health,
他为对健康有利而做早操 。
The Times has a clear profit of 1000 dollars a day on advertisements
alone,泰晤士报仅在广告方面一天就有 1000 美元的纯利 。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
3,whereas(conj.),while (conj.) 和 but (conj.)
whereas 意为 然而,却 ",表示对比 。
while 意为, 当 …… 的时候 ; 虽然,尽管 ; 然而,,表示对比时,一
般
可以与 whereas通用 。 but 意为 "可是,但是 ",表示转折,语 气较强 。
He can speak English whereas (while) his brother can speak French,
他会说英语,而他的兄弟会说法语 。
While the work was difficult,it was very interesting,
虽然这工作困难,却很有意思 。
Life is limited,but there is no limit to serving the people,
生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。 D,课文内容提要
When city people are asked where they prefer to live,going back to
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
nature or staying in the city,the advantages and disadvantages of
living in the county have long been a subject of discussion among
many of them,Some would like to go back to nature because they
feel city life is dirty and noisy,impersonal and isolated,and they
think in the country they can enjoy a peaceful and quiet life,The
fresh air,the open spaces,the friendly people and gentle peace of
living are all that they dream of,However,they would hesitate if they
are asked to make their real decision,They would find country life
dull,hard and inconvenient,They can not live without any
excitement,especially joys of night life in the city,
E,课文章点难点详解
1,It has been suggested that the superficial differences between the
two-wide-open spaces contrasting with brick and concrete ——
are less important than the contrasting attitudes towards town and
country,(paragraph 1,line 2)
有人认为两者间的表面差别 —— 开阔的空间与砖石水泥对照下
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
形成的差别 —— 并没有在对待城乡态度上的差别那么重要。
① It has been suggested that,.,人们认为 ……
suggest 表示, 认为,指出,暗示,表明, 时,其后的从句不必用虚拟
语气 。
I’d like to suggest that it was put in the wrong place,
我想指出,它放的位置不对 。
Her expression suggested that she was angry,
她的表情说明她在生气 。
② superficial 表面的,肤浅的
superficial differences 表面差别
She only had a superficial wound on her hand,
她只是手上有点表面外伤 。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
They have only a superficial knowledge of the subject,
他们对那门学科的知识很肤浅 。
③ concrete 混凝土 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土
2,I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given
the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt
and noise of a large city.(paragraph 2,line 1)
许多城里人总是说,如果让我们选择,我们宁愿住在远离大都市
的乡村,那里没有污秽与喧嚣,我就是这些人中的一个。
①,.,are always saying..,
有时某些频度副词与现在进行时连用时,可用来代替一般现在时,
表示一个经常性动作或状态,这时是为 了 表示一种赞叹或厌烦等
感情 。 例如,
He is always thinking of the revolutionary work,
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他总是想着革命工作 。 (表示赞许 )
He is constantly leaving things 'about,
他老是把东西到处乱扔 。 (表示不满 )
② given the choice,.,
该过去分词短语相当于 if we were given the choice,.,。 过去分词
短语作状语表示原因时,间或也可表示一个假设的情况,相当于一
个条件状语从句 。 例如,
Given better attention,the cabbages could have grown better,
(=If they had been given,..)
如果管理得好一些,这些大白菜还可以长得好一点 。
③ prefer to (do),宁愿 …… 不愿 ……
3,I have managed to convince myself that if it weren't for my job I
would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to
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nature in some sleepy village buried in the country,(paragraph 2,the
last 3 lines)
我已设法使自己确信,要不是因为工作关系,我会立即奔向那广
阔的空间,回归自然,生活在深藏于原野的某个寂静的村庄。
① manage to do 指设法做到 (成功的事 ),含有 succeed in doing sth,
的意思 。
By helping each other they managed to overcome the difficulties,
通过互相帮助,他们终于克服了困难 。
② if it were not,虚拟语气,意为 "要不是 …… "。
If it weren't for their support,we would be in a very difficult
position,
要不是有他们的支持,我们的处境会很困难 。
③ head out,出发,启程
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
4,But how realistic is this dream?
但是，这个梦想又有多少现实性呢。
5,Children become aggressive and nervous —— cooped up at home all
day,with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of
the world,
儿童整天禁锢在家中，没地方可玩，会变得暴躁好斗，神经紧
张；他们的母亲则会感到自己与外界隔绝。
coop up 禁闭,禁锢
6,… nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don't even
say hello to each other (paragraph3,lim7)
…… 现在, 住在同一楼层的人甚至彼此间连招呼也不打。
Say hello / hi to(sb.),向 …… 问好
Say hello/hi to your uncle,代我问候你叔叔 。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
Let's drive over there tomorrow afternoon and say hello to him,
明天下午我们去那里问候他吧 。
类似结构的词组还有, say yes to (赞同,支持 ),say no to (反对,不
支持 ),say good-bye to (向 …… 告别 ),say sorry to (向 …… 道歉 )等。
7,Country life,on the other hand,differs from this kind of isolated
existence in that a sense of community generally binds the
inhabitants of small villages together,
另一方面,乡村生活却不同于这种与世隔绝的生活,因为一种群
体感往往把小村庄的居民紧密联系在一起。
① in that,because 因为
I prefer his plan to yours,in that I think it is more practical,
我赞成他的计划而不赞成你的计划, 因为他的计划更实际 。
② a sense of community 群体感
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8,… there is always someone to turn to when they need help,
…… 他们知道,一旦需要帮助,总有人可找。
turn to
① to appeal to for aid 求助于
那位孤儿没有人可以求助 。
② to change into 变成
Water turns to ice at zero,到零度, 水就变成冰 。
③ to begin something or doing something different 转向
After he left the university he became a teacher,but he later turned
to translation,
大学毕业后他当了老师，但不久他就转向翻译工作。
9,While it is true that you may be among friends in a village,it is also
true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events
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that take place in cities,
在村庄里,你的确会生活在朋友之中,但你同时也 就 被隔绝于发
生在城里的那些激动人心的重大的事件之外。
① while it is true that … in a village 是让步状语从句 。
② cut off,to disconnect 切断, 断绝, 删除
We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation,
在我们的通话中，电话断线了。
10,… and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on
an expedition to the nearest large town,(paragraph 4,line 8)
…… 为了买一件稍微不寻常的东西,你也得长途跋涉去最近的一
个大城镇购买。
① slightly(adv.),稍微,有点
The patient is slightly better today,病人今天稍有好转 。
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② out of the ordinary,不寻常的,特殊的
Such a long delay is out of the ordinary,
耽搁这么长的时 间 是少有的 。
The performance was nothing out of the ordinary,演出很平常 。
③ go on 的含义较多,在此句中 表 示, 为 …… (某一目的 )而去, 。
一般接名词 。
It's time I went on a refresher course,I'm getting out of touch with
modern techniques,
我近来没接触现代科技,现在确实是我该到新科技动态学习班
去进修的时候了 。
go on a trip/a journey 去旅行
go on an embassy 去做大使
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11,Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between
the two,they have expressed their preference … within
commuting distance of the large conurbations,
一些人己找到了 (或许应该说是买到了 )两者之间的折衷办法, 他
们表示愿意在能够乘班车来往于两地的情况下,离开郊区迁居
到乡下去过那种 "平静的生活 "。
① or rather,more exactly(truly); it would be better to say
更 确切地说, 倒不如说
He came home very late last night,or rather very early this
morning,
他昨天晚上, 倒不如说是今天早上, 回来得很晚,
② a compromise between the two 两者之间的折衷办法
12,They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
flowers they heave behind —— they are polluted … which they
force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages,
一般说来,他们现在具有的敏感程度与他们留在城里的塑料花相
差无几 —— 对待变化和进步,他们受到一些奇怪想法的影响,他
们还把这些奇怪的想法强行灌输给那些并非愿 意 接受的原有的
村民。
① plastic flower 塑料花 ；貌似的东西
② leave behind,to fail to take or bring,esp,by accident 留下,
丢下, 忘记携带
I think I left my credit card at the restaurant,我想我把信用
卡掉在餐馆了 。
③ force on to/onto,to cause sth,to be accepted by (an unwilling
person) 强加
They didn’t want the war,It was forced onto them,
他们不想要战争，战争是强加给他们的。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
13,What then of my dreams of,.,(paragraph 6,line 1)
那么,我的那些 …… 梦想又将如何呢?
what of,…… 怎么样?/ 你以为 …… 如何?/ …… 有什么要紧?
What of him? 他的近况如何?
Yes,I wrote it,What of it? 是我写的,那又怎么样?
(或, 那又有优么了不起呢?)
14,I’m keen on the idea,…
我渴望实现这一梦想。
be keen on/about,to be interested in; have a strong liking for
渴望, 喜爱, 爱好
He is keen on going abroad,他渴望出国。
15.,.,can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down on the
farm?(paragraph6,line 4)
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
…… 你能指望它会与农庄的那些健壮的雄猫打成一片吗?
mix with 意为 "与 …… 混合 /结合 /交往 " 。
Oil won't mix with water,油和水不相溶 。
In my job,I mix with all sorts of people,
在工作中,我和各种各,样的人交往。
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
IV,Outline & Summary,
I) Outline,
A,Advantages and disadvantages of city life,
1,Advantages,You are at the center of things; Life lasts until
late at night,
2,Disadvantages,dirty,noisy and impersonal; The sense of
belonging to a community disappears,
B,Advantages and disadvantages of country life,
1,Advantages,You have a sense of togetherness; You enjoy a
peaceful and quiet life,
2,Disadvantages,being cut off from the exciting and
important events taking place in cities; little possibility of
going to a new show or the latest movie; Shopping becomes a
major problem,
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
II) Summary,
When city-dwellers are asked where they prefer to live,some
would like to go back to nature because they feel city life is dirty
and noisy,impersonal and isolated,and they think in the
countryside they can enjoy a peaceful and quiet life,The fresh air,
the open spaces,the friendly people and gentle peace of living are
all that they dream of,However,they would hesitate if they are
asked to make their real decision,They would find country life
dull,hard and inconvenient,They can not live without any
excitement,especially joys of night life in the city,
Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
V,Home Assignment,
1,Recite Text A;
2,Finish the exercises after text A;
3,Prepare for a quiz on Text A;
4,Unit 1 Passage A,B,(Extensive Course ),
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Text A of Unit 10 By Yang Xiongfang
