Band Three Unit 1 Section A The Expensive Fantasy of Lord Williams Warm-up questions What do you know about crime? What type of crime does the main character commit in section A? We encounter crime everywhere—on TV, in our neighborhoods, in our homes, with our friends, or maybe even from ourselves. During the following part you will find information about different types of crime. Know the facts to fight crime. Types of crimes Offenses are divided by law into criminal and civil matters. While civil offenses infringe on a person's right to civil liberty, criminal offenses are those that violate public law. Federal and state laws divide these crimes into two categories of varying severity: misdemeanors（轻罪）and felonies（重罪）. Felonies are much more serious crimes than misdemeanors, and hence have much harsher sentences. Misdemeanors are punishable by no more than one year in jail and are heard primarily by the district court nearest to where the crime took place. Vandalism, shoplifting, trespassing, prostitution, and drunk driving, if it is a first or second offense, are all examples of misdemeanor crimes. Felony crimes are first heard in the district court where the crime occurred. The district court will conduct a hearing called a preliminary examination. If the district judge determines there is enough evidence, the case will be transferred to circuit court for trial. If you are convicted of a felony you could be sentenced from one year to life in prison and/ or pay a fine of more than $500. Homicide（杀人）, arson（纵火）, rape, robbery and burglary are examples of felony crimes.   （以上图表任选一） The following lists the full range of crimes, both felonies and misdemeanors, applicable by law. Sex Offenses: Rape, Prostitution, Sexual Abuse, Sexual Assault, Sexual Harassment, Sodomy et al. Computer-related Offenses: Cybercrime, Copyright Theft, Internet Fraud, Securities Fraud, Computer Viruses, Website Disruption（破坏), When Hackers Get Caught , Juvenile Hackers, et al. Drug Offenses: Possession, Possession for Sale, Marijuana（大麻）Cultivation, Driving While Intoxicated (喝醉了), Professional Drug Dealer et al. Violent Offenses: Assault（攻击）, Battery（殴打）, Domestic Violence, First Degree Murder, Homicide, Manslaughter（杀人）, Second Degree Murder, Self-Defense et al. Juvenile Offenses: （青少年犯罪） Juvenile Assault, Juvenile Battery, Juvenile First Degree Murder, Juvenile Homicide, Juvenile Manslaughter, Juvenile Second Degree Murder, Juvenile Self-Defense et al. White Collar Offenses: Embezzlement（盗用，侵占）, Perjury（伪证）, Fraud（欺诈）, Credit Card Fraud, Theft, Forgery（伪造）, Extortion（勒索）, Internet Offenses (cyber crime) et al. What is more prevalent in today's criminal court system, for example, bank robbery or identity theft? You guessed correctly: White-collar crime has become the primary law enforcement challenge of the 21st century. Types of white collar crimes White-collar crime is a term that is usually applied to crimes associated with business that do not involve violence or bodily injury to another person. Examples of so-called white-collar crimes are those crimes generally associated with lending institutions which involve bank fraud, such as making false statements to obtain a loan, filing false reports or returns with government agencies, embezzlement, using the mail or wire communications to defraud, and paying or accepting bribes（贿赂）. White-collar crimes may be prosecuted（起诉）in state or federal courts, depending upon whether state or federal laws have been violated. The penalties for committing white-collar crimes vary, but in some cases they may be as severe as those prescribed for violent crimes. Embezzlement: The illegal transfer of money or property that, although possessed legally by the embezzler, is diverted to the embezzler personally by his or her fraudulent action. For example, an employee would embezzle money from the employer or a public officer could embezzle money received during the course of their public duties and secretly convert it to their personal use. Fraud: The act of obtaining money or property by deceit, trick or a dishonest act. Most acts of fraud are felonies. Fraud commonly involves a misrepresentation of a material fact upon which the victim relies. Forgery: The making of false documents by alteration or by false signature. There must be the specific intent to deceive for economic or personal gain. Extortion: The act of obtaining money or gaining some form of personal advantage by threat of force of the victim or the victim's family. Writing Skill A general viewpoint supported by specific details Look at the sample composition on page 17 Assignment: Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories. Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex. In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some businesses which are run completely by women. It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society. Text Structure Analysis Part 1(Paras1-5): General background of the story. It tells us where the story took place and who was the hero of the story. It also tells us roughly about what the hero did and the truth behind what he did. Then it continues to tell us that the hero, Mr. Williams，was brought into court for what he had done. General background of the story:   Where and who? Tomintoul, Scotland; Lord Williams, or Tony. Paras. 1- 2   What did he do? He provided such a large injection of cash into the village that he single-handedly brought the community back to life. Para. 3   What is the truth? Mr. Williams was not a lord at all but a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and paying for it by stealing funds from Scotland Yard. Para. 4   What was the result for Mr. Williams? He was brought into court and sentenced to seven and a half years in prison. Para. 5     Part 2(Para 6-8): What are the responses from the villagers to Mr. Williams’ case? The part tells us that the villagers’ responses to Mr. Williams varied: some still supported him; some felt hard to understand how a clever person like him could mislead people; still others wondered where the money had come from. What are the responses from the villagers to Mr. Williams?   Response 1: At least some villagers are sticking by him. Para. 6   Response 2: It’s hard to understand how a clever person like him could mislead people like that. What he did benefited the village. A lot of the properties were beautifully restored. Para. 7   Response 3: Everyone wondered where the money was coming from. Why was he spending it in a little place in the mountains? He wouldn’t have gotten it back in 100 years. Para. 8     Part 3(Para 9-14): What are the major crimes that Mr. Williams committed and how did he spend the money? This part reveals that Mr. Williams stole more than ￡8 million over eight years. And he spent the money buying an estate and noble titles, fine stone cottages, a pub and a hotel, and also the most expensive crystal glasses for his restaurant. What are the major crimes that Mr. Williams committed? Mr. Williams stole more than ￡8 million over eight years. Para. 9   How did Mr. Williams spend the money? It went to create one more British lord. How? Para. 10   Mr. Williams spent the money buying an estate and noble titles, to become the Lord of Chirnside. Para. 11   Mr Williams sunk his dishonest gains into this village with fine stone cottages, central area of green grass, green rows of hedges. Para. 12   Mr. Williams spent the money buying multiple cottages, a pub and a run-down hotel and turned them into very good-looking places. Para. 13   Mr. Williams spent the money buying the crystal glasses, the most expensive ones for the restaurant. Para. 14    Part 4(Para15-17): What was the result of Mr. Williams, spending such a large amount of money? Part 4 tells us how Mr. Williams was caught by the bank and what the police did after they found Mr. Williams’ crime. And at the end of the story, Mr. Williams was feeling regretful for the crime. According to him, there was no way to justify it. New Words fantasy n. [C, U] 幻想，想像 —The young man lives in a world of fantasy. 这个年青人生活在幻想的世界里。fantastic a. 1). very good; excellent 极好的，极出色的 —You look fantastic in that skirt! 你穿那条裙子看上去棒极了！ wild and strange / impossible to carry out 奇异的；不切实际的 --My friend gave me some fantastic pictures of bicycles. --It’s a fantastic idea to go skating in summer. 我想他会来的,不过这仅是我的设想罢了 fancy n. 爱好, 迷恋, 想象力 —I think he would come but it's only a fancy of mine. -- I've taken a fancy to that silly hat. 我特别喜欢那顶怪帽子。 vt. 想象, 设想 —Fancy having a fool like that for a husband! 试想找了这么一个傻瓜做丈夫! -- Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了! wealthy a. 富裕的 —If we want everyone to be healthy, wealthy and happy,, strict birth control is quite essential.如果我们想使每个人都能过健康|富裕和幸福的生活,就必须实行严格的计划生育。 a man of wealth 富人 / a wealth of learning 丰富的学识 suspicion n. 1. [C] 猜疑，怀疑 —l have a suspicion that she is not telling the truth. 我有点疑心她讲的不是真话。 above [beyond] suspicion 无可怀疑的; 诚实的; 正直的 —A man of such integrity is above / beyond suspicion. on suspicion of ... 因...受到嫌疑, 作为(...的)嫌疑犯 —He was caught on suspicion of having stolen the money. be / fall under suspicion 受到怀疑 —The cashier was under suspicion of having appropriated some of the firm’s money. 受到侵吞公款的怀疑 suspect n. 嫌疑犯 —The police have taken the suspect to the police station. v. 怀疑, 猜想, 对...有所觉察 —The police suspect her of murder. suspicious adj. 可疑的； 引起怀疑的 —I am suspicious of that woman - I think she may have stolen sth. from our shop. arouse vt. 1). cause (sth.) to happen 引起，唤起，激起 arouse suspicion 引起猜疑 / arouse sb’s enthusiasm 激起某人的积极性 --His articles aroused the anger and indignation of the popular mass against invaders. 2). wake (sb.) from sleep 唤醒 arouse sb. from sleep 唤醒某人 --I was suddenly aroused by a slight noise. arise vi. arose, arisen 出现； 发生—That question did not arise. rise vi. rose, risen, rising —The sun rose at seven o'clock. raise vt. raise one's head / raise the flag / raise one's courage/raise salaries/ raise children. [试题] Many difficulties have _______ as a result of the changeover to a new type of fuel. A. risen B, raised C. aroused D. arisen deputy n. 1). 副职，副手 deputy 正职不在的情况下代理正职的副职。deputy mayor vice +president, chairman, governor 等职务 associate + professor 职称 2). [C] 代理人 a deputy for sb --I must find someone to act as a deputy for me during my absence a deputy to organization --He was elected to be a deputy to National People's Congress. (中国) 人民代表大会代表 considerate a. careful not to hurt others; thoughtful 体谅的，体贴的 —It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep. considerable adj. 相当大的；相当多的 --a considerable distance 一段颇远的距离 --a considerable man in local affairs 地方事务上相当重要的人物 considered adj. 经慎重考虑的；经过熟思的 —All things considered, it is a good plan, and a feasible one. 从全面考虑,这个计划是好的,而且是可行的。 mislead vt 使做错事； 引入歧途 —He is a good boy, but bad companions misled him. 他是个好孩子，但坏伙伴把他带坏了。 --Misleading advertisements are prohibited by law. —Morning sunshine misled us into believing it would be a warm day. restore vt. 1). 重建，修复 --restore a building. 修复一座建筑物 —He buys old cars and restores them to their original condition. 他购买旧汽车，并将它们修复到原来的状态。 2). 使恢复，使回复 —He feels completely restored to health after a period of rest. restore sb. to consciousness使某人恢复知觉 restore sb. to his old post 使某人复职 restore the book to the shelf把书放回书架 estate n. 1). 庄园；大片私有土地 housing estate 住宅区/ industrial estate 工业区 immovable estate 不动产, 不动地产 -- His country estate includes a large forest. 他乡下的产业包括一片大的树林。 2). [U, C] 财产（尤指遗产） estate of inheritance继承的遗产, 世袭财产 —He left behind him a considerable estate. auction n. [C, U] 拍卖；拍卖会 forced auction 强制拍卖 public auction 公开拍卖 auction price 拍卖价格vt. sell sth. by auction 拍卖 —The Army is auctioning a lot of old equipments. horizon n. 1). [U] 地平线 —The moon rose slowly above the horizon. —The setting sun disappeared below the horizon. 2. (pl.) 一个人的知识、经验、兴趣的限度或范围；眼界；见识 --the horizon of knowledge 知识范围 —The visit to the Far East certainly broadened our horizons. —The course in history opened up new horizons for the students. multiple a. 多重的，多样的，多的 multiple personality多重人格 / a man of multiple interests 兴趣广泛的人 n. [C] 倍数 —3x4=12, so 12 is a multiple of 3. 3乘以4等于12,所以12是3的倍数。 multiply vt., vi. -plied, -plying 1) 乘 —3 multiplied by 5 is 15. 三乘五等于十五。 2) 增加 to multiply one's chances of success 增加个人成功的机会 mess n. 1). [C] (usu. sing.) a dirty state 污秽，杂乱，混乱 —Your room is in a mess. Please tidy it. 2). [U, C] 困境，狼狈的处境 —I've got myself into a bit of a mess by telling a lie. 我因为撒了一个谎而使自己处于尴尬的境地。 --Seldom has John made such a mess of an exam. 把…弄得一团糟 glorious a. 1). beautiful; splendid; magnificent 美丽的，辉煌的，灿烂的 a glorious view 壮观 / a glorious day 美好的一天/glorious weather好天气 --The mountain looked perfectly glorious at sunrise. 2). deserving praise and honor 荣耀的，光荣的 glorious traditions 光荣传统 / a glorious achievement 辉煌的成就 —Our country has a glorious past. 我们的国家有一段光辉的历史。 furnish vt. 1). 供给家具，用家具布置 —The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table.房间里只布置了最简单的必需品, 一张床、一把椅子和一张桌子。 2). supply or provide 提供，供应 furnish sb. with sth. 供给某人某物 / furnish sth. to sb. 供给某人某物 --The company will furnish each contestant with a free ticket. deceive vt. 欺骗，蒙蔽 --He deceived me by pretending to be a famous movie star. deceive sb. into doing sth . 骗某人做某事 —He deceived her into thinking he could drive a car. 他骗她，使她相信他会开汽车。 inherit vt. 继承（财产、爵位、头衔等） —She inherited a little money from her grandfather. —She inherited all her mother's beauty. (喻) inheritor n. 继承人; 后继者 –He is the only inheritor of the wealth. inheritance n. 继承 –He received house by inheritance. deposit n. 1). [C] a sum paid into an account at a bank 存款 current deposit / demand deposit 活期存款 / time deposit 定期存款 2). [C] 定金，押金 —He put a deposit on a house. 他给一所房子付了押金。 vt. 1) 存放；储蓄；寄存 —She deposited her money in the bank. 2) 放下；置下—Deposit the sand here. 把沙子放在这儿。 notify vt. inform (sb. of sth.); report (sth. to sb.) 通知，报告 inform 指“以任何方式直接告知” —He informed me of your decision. notify指“官方正式通告” —We've notified our loss to the police. 我们已向警察局报告了损失情况。—They notified us of a rent increase. 他们通知我们房租涨了。 [试题] The university ________ me that I’d passed the entrance examination. A. noticed B. noted C. notified D. informed commission vt. 委任，任命 — I have commissioned my bank to pay my taxes. 我授权我存款的银行代我付税。 n. 1). [C] 考察团，调查团，委员会 — The Federal Trade Commission investigates false advertising. 联邦贸易委员会调查不实广告 2). [C] 任务，委托 — Investigation of fraud was their commission. 调查诈欺舞弊是他们的任务 commissioner n. [C] 委员，专员，特派员 supervise vt. 监督，管理 —Tomorrow he will supervise the students taking the English examination. supervisor n. 监督者; 主管人, 管理人 --Only the supervisor can authorize your leave. supervisee n. 被监督者 substantial a. 1) 物质的; 实质[体]的; 现实的 --A child can easily confuse the real substantial world with the world of his imagination. 2). large in amount; considerable 大的，相当可观的 —Tom has made substantial improvement / progress in English. 3). concerning the most important part of sth. 大体上的，实质上的 —The document requires substantial changes. 这个文件需要做一些重大的修改。 —We are in substantial agreement. 我们大体上意见相同。 bulk n. 1). (sing. Used with the) the main part (of sth.) 大半，大部分 —He left the bulk of his estate to his wife.他把大部分的财产留给了他妻子。 2) [U] largeness of size or quantity （巨大的）体积，大量 --a ship of great bulk 巨大的船 / a man of large bulk 一个魁梧的人 --Great bulk does not always mean great weight. 体积大不一定分量重。 motive 指“任何使人产生行动的推动力、感情、愿望等” —Greed was his only motive for stealing. incentive指“怂恿人去行动的刺激物(经常是奖赏)” —Money is still a major incentive to most people. 对于大多数人来说, 金钱仍是主要的刺激物。 motivation n. 动机的形成; 促动因素, 动力 —The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. 一个人学外语的内在要求越高, 那么他就学得越快。 justify vt. give or be a good reason for 为... ...辩护，证明... ...正当（或有理）—The course of events fully justifies our views. 事情的发展完全证明我们的意见是正确的。 —How can you justify your rude and foolish behavior? 你怎能为你粗鲁而愚蠢的行为辩护? —The fact that he annoyed you doesn’t justify your treating him in that way. —They are justified in turning down your proposal. justification n. 认为有理, 认为正当, 理由, 辩护, 释罪 Phrases & Expressions turn out 出席；到场 —Many boys turned out for football practice / to watch the football match. 2) 生产；出产 —We are to turn out 100,000 586 computers next year to meet the market requirements.我们计划明年生产十万台586计算机以满足市场需要。 3) （常与to, that连用）结果 —Things turned out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen. 事情正如教授所预见的那样。 —The plan turned out a failure. 这项计划结果归于失败。 buy up buy all or as much as possible (of sth.) 全部买进，尽量收购 --They have been buying up all available land. --The finance house is making a bid to buy the entire company. bring…to life give liveliness to 使…苏醒，使…富有生命 --They used artificial respiration to bring the swimmer to life. --A great actor can bring a fictional character to life. live out 过（某种生活） —I should like to live out my days in peace and comfort. 我想安宁舒适地度过剩余的日子。 live on 靠吃…生活, 靠（收入）…生活 living on rice and fish / lives on a small inheritance. live up to 真正做到；符合 —Did the TV play live up to your expectations? 这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗? live through渡过，经受住 —He had lived through the worst years of the depression. live with 忍受 —I disliked the situation but had to live with it.我不喜欢这种状态但必须忍受它 stick by sb. 继续支持，忠于（尤指在困难时刻） —Her husband stuck by her in good times and bad. 她的丈夫曾和她同甘共苦。stick to 粘住, 停留, 固守, 坚持 stick to a post坚守岗位/ stick to one's words 遵守诺言 --If you stick to the truth, you will have nothing to fear. add on 附加，加上 —Please add these names on at the end. 请把这些名字加在后面。 add in算入; 包括 —Would you add in these items please in order to complete the list? add to增加, 加到 —The balloons added to the festive atmosphere. add up 加起来, 总计; 和预期产总数相等 —Every time I added these figures up I get a different answer. add up to 总计共达; (总起来看)等于说; 意味着 —Shop-lifting can add up to 3 to 4 percent of a store’s sales. —His long silence just added up to a refusal. sink … into投资，陷入，深深映入脑中 —Although we sank all our money into the firm, it still failed to make a profit. 尽管我们把所有的钱都投到了那家公司，它还是没有赢利。 --He sank into a deep sleep. --The facts don’t seem to sink into his head. fix up修理；解决；安排 —Jim has fixed up a broken chair in his garden. --We have fixed up our little differences satisfactorily. --I have fixed up for the decorator to come on next Monday. fix up about 安排好某事 --Have you fixed up about the holidays yet? fix sb. up with 给…找工作，给…提供 --Can you fix me up with a part-time job? --He has fixed himself up with a smart flat on the sea-front. make … into: change … into 使转变为 —Many of the cinemas have been made into bowling alleys and bingo halls. --Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook. Language Points … they're still willing to raise a glass or two to “Lord Williams”, though now his title prompts laughter. (Para. 1) Meaning: The villagers are still willing to drink a toast to “Lord Williams” although he is no longer “Lord Williams” and people would burst into laughter upon hearing … Mr. Williams, who appeared on weekends turned out in fine suits, bought up property after property, … (Para. 3) Meaning: … who appeared on weekends dressed in fine suits, bought all the property that was available over and again… … providing such a large injection of cash into the village that he single-handedly brought the community back to life. (Para. 3) Meaning: … investing so much money in the village that he alone brought pleasure and happiness to the village that was once lifeless. But no one could have possibly guessed the truth — that the man with endless money and a friendly manner was not a lord at all but a government employee living out a fantasy that he was a Scottish noble and paying for it by stealing funds from Scotland Yard. (Para. 4) Meaning: But none of the villagers were able to guess the truth that Mr. Williams, who was very rich and friendly, was not a lord at all but a police officer from Scotland Yard. He dreamed of becoming a Scottish noble and paid for his dream by stealing money from his department. Notice the subjunctive mood in the sentence. And now that he has fallen upon dark days at least some villagers are sticking by him. (Para. 6) Meaning: Seeing that he is now experiencing a difficult period, some villagers are still giving him their support. now that: conj. seeing that; inasmuch as; since —Now that you are older, you should know better. 你长大了，该更懂事了。 —Now (that) I've heard the music I understand why you like it. 听过之后，我知道你为何喜欢这音乐了。 Please note that the word “that” may be omitted. Most of it came from a secret fund that had been placed under his sole authority… (Para. 9) Meaning: Most of the ￡8 million was from a secret fund that only he was in charge of. But most of all, he sunk his dishonest gains into this village that captured his heart with its fine stone cottages, … (Para. 12) Meaning: To a greater extent, he poured the money he had stolen into the village that fascinated him with its fine stone cottages, … The bank notified the police, who discovered, to their terrible embarrassment, that the criminal was one of their own. (Para. 15) Meaning: The bank informed the police of the fact, and when the police discovered that the criminal was from their own department, they were greatly embarrassed. Under a hastily made arrangement, the police will sell the properties, but at a substantial financial loss. (Para. 16) Meaning: When the police have made a hasty arrangement, they will sell the properties, but a large amount of money will be lost. I discovered this bloody huge amount of money. I went from the need to pay off a few debts to what can only be described as greed. There is no way to justify it. (Para. 17) Meaning: I discovered this very huge amount of money. At the very beginning I just wanted to pay off some of the money I owed to others, but by and by I became more and more greedy. I cannot give a good reason for what I have done. Grammar Enrichment 让步状语从句中的倒装 让步状语从句中的倒装形式为：强调对象＋as/though＋主语＋其它部分，强调对象可以是表语(名词，形容词)或状语(副词)。表语为名词时，前面通常不用冠词。如： —Child as he is, he behaves like a grown-up. —Tired as he is, he goes on with his work. —Fail as he did, he was not disappointed at all. —Much as I tried, I failed to persuade him. 例：_______, there was no hope of her being able to sleep. A) As she was exhausted B) If she was exhausted C) Exhausted though she was D) Now that she was exhausted 答案是C) Exhausted though she was。从属连词as, though可以用于让步状语从句中。这种从句必须以形容词（或形容词化的分词）、名词或动词原形开头，主语必须位于从句之后。D) Now that she was exhausted里的引导词Now that表示“既然”；B) If she was exhausted表示条件“如果”； A) As she was exhausted表示“由于”（因为使用的是正语序），都与后面句子的意思不通顺。 Be＋主语＋or连接的两个表语。这个句型相当于whether…or…引导的让步从句。 —Be it cheap or dear, I will take it.. 由as引导的部分倒装句： 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。 —Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question. 正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。 —She ran down the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran). 她跑下楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！ 当as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。 表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。 —Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him. 因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。 等于so时，意义是“也，也是” —She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. 她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。 原因状语从句 通常由because, as ,since引导, 三者区别： because 语气最强，重在交待原因，以why引导的疑问句只能because用来回答；其前可用only, just等词强调；可用在 It is…that…强调句型中。如： —You shouldn't get angry just because some people speak ill of you. as 一词口气最弱，表示明显的原因。如： —As she was in a hurry, she left her key in the car. since 表示人们已知的事实，所以常译成“既然……”。如： —Since everyone is here, let's get started. 另外，for属并列连词，不能位于句首，是对前一分句加以解释或说明。其后所接的是并列句中的一个独立句，而非从句。如： —It must have rained last night, for the yard is wet. 与since相近，seeing that, now that, considering that, given that 都有“鉴于某个事实、考虑到”的意思，此外，in that， for the reason that, not that…but that…，on the grounds that 均可表示原因。 —Considering that the sweater was hard made, it was not expensive. —Seeing that they are inexperienced, they are doing quite a good job. ___ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A) For B) Now C) Since D) Despite 本题前半部分的意思是：“我头部的症状已经消失”，后半部分的意思是：“脑子也开始变得灵活的多”。这两个部分无论是语法结构或意思都是完整的。因此，空格内应填入连接词。答案是B.now that是复合连接词，意为：“既然、由于”。其它选项都不能和that一起构成复合连词，因此都不是答案。 Not that John doesn't want to help you, _____ it's beyond his power. (95/01/54) A) but that B) for that C) and that D) in that Not that…but that是一固定结构，表示“不是因为……而是因为”。 Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _____ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes. (98/06/51) A) by that B) at that C) on that D) in that 空格后为主谓结构的句子，且成分齐全，只能选择连词为in that“因为”。由that引导的介词宾语只能和in，but，except等少数介词连用。 He will surely finish the job on time _____ he's left to do it in his own way.?? (00/01/61) A) in that B) in case C) as far as D) so long as 只要让他按自己的方式去做，他肯定能够准时完成工作。 解析：四选项的意思分别为：A) “因为”；B) “万一，惟恐”；C) “就……而言”；D) “只要”，故D 正确。 These two areas are similar _______ they both have a high rainfall during this season. A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that 空格前说：“这两个地区很相似”，空格后是：“它们在这个季节都有很大的降雨量”。从逻辑关系来看，后面部分是说明这两个地区为什么相似，所以答案是C) in that，意思是："因为"。 Section B The Romantic Life Of Secret Agent Albert Scanning Scanning is a reading technique used when one wishes to locate a single fact or a specific bit of information without reading everything. Scanning is not new to you; you have used this reading skill many times already in your daily activities. You have used scanning abilities when looking for the time and channel of your favourite show in the television listings of your newspaper or in television magazines. You have probably scanned pages in the telephone directory many times to find a friend address or telephone number. When trying to locate a name in a directory, you do not read every name and number on the page; it is not necessary. You simply move your eyes quickly down the page until you locate the name, address, and number and then look no further. Scanning for information in this way should be both fast and accurate. Steps for Scanning Note the Arrangement of Information. Unlike skimming in which you usually know little or nothing about the material beforehand, scanning is often done with material that you do know something about. In order to scan quickly and efficiently, you must become familiar with the arrangement of material. Take a few minutes to read the title and subheads, look at the illustrations, and read the first and last paragraphs. This will give you a general idea of the order of ideas and topics. Once you understand the arrangement of thoughts in the selection, you will have a better idea where the information you want may be located, and you can quickly turn to that section of the material. In this way you will be prepared to scan quickly and efficiently for the specific information you need. You are not to concern yourself with details at this stage, but are meant to simply register the basic layout of the chapter or article that you plan to read. You will be surprised how even a quick flip through a body of text will orient your mind and help you recognize where to look for the info you need in order to speed up the actual reading process. The quick scan gives a fast overview in just a few minutes so when you return to speed read it you already are familiar with the layout and contents. Keep Clue Words in Mind. Once you have found the section likely to contain the information you need, you are ready to begin scanning. Have in mind some clue words or phrases associated with the specific facts your are looking for. For example, in the case of a newspaper sports page, your clue words for locating the baseball scores would be baseball, run, the names of the teams, and the cities the team represent. Scanning involves flipping through very quickly, but still using your pointer finger (in skier fashion). When scanning, ask yourself questions about the material. "What is this, what does this mean, why is s/he talking about this?" Later you will find the answers to these on-the-fly questions. At this point you are simply priming your brain, focusing your attention and mapping the concepts that the author talks about. Most of the time, you should scan the material several times before you actually embark on reading the material. First scan the text in a general sense. In the next scan look for important pictures and graphs. On the third scan, check out titles, headings, and chapter summaries. Here are three examples from Text A in this unit that may illustrate how we probably scan for some particular information in the text. Example 1 Obviously, the whole text is from a newspaper. It is a report in fact about a certain person who is not honest. Having a glance at the title, the reader may want to know: Who is he? Where did the story take place? With these questions in mind, the reader moves his/her eyes quickly down the first paragraph. Then the reader finds out the place “Tomintoul, Scotland” and stops at the word “Tony”. By now he/she has got the answer or the information he/she wants. Example 2 Having satisfied himself/herself by finding the answers to the first questions, the reader may have others out of curiosity: What is he? How many years did the court sentence him for his crime?? To answer these questions the reader keeps his/her eyes moving quickly until he/she reaches the following sentence in Paragraph 5. Sure enough, the reader can find out the answers that Mr. Williams had worked for the London police as deputy director of finance and that he was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison by the court. Example 3 Now the reader may be curious enough to know: What is his crime? The reader moves his/her eyes as quickly as possible down again until he/she reaches Paragraph 9, which provides the answer. New Words agent n. 代理人；代理商; 经纪人 a travel agent 旅行代理商 house agent 房产经纪人 a secret agent 密探 an FBI agent 美国)联邦调查局探员agency n. 代理处, 行销处 advertising agency 广告商, 广告公司 accent n 1) 口音；腔调 --He speaks French with an English accent 说法语带有英语口音 2) 重音, 扬音, 强音 —In the word "today" the accent is on the second syllable. today 一词的重音在第二个音节上。 disguise n. [C, U] 伪装，伪装物 —He put on a large hat and glasses as a disguise and hoped no one would recognize him. v. 1) 伪装；乔扮 —He disguised himself as a woman. 他假扮成一女子。 2) 隐瞒；掩饰 ---disguise a fact 隐瞒事实 —She disguised her hatred by a false show of friendliness. 她假装友好来掩盖她的仇恨。 in disguise 伪装, 化装 —He looked like a farmer, but he was really a policeman in disguise. make no disguise of毫不掩饰 —She made no disguise of her feelings. exploit n. (pl.) brave or adventurous actions 英勇的行为，冒险的行为 —Their heroic exploits will go down in history. 他们的英雄业绩将被载入史册。 v. 1) use, work or develop fully (esp. mines and other natural resources) 开发利用 —We must exploit every opportunity to learn new things —They exploited its rich resources in oil. 2) use unfairly for one's own advantage 剥削 —The company exploited its workers with long hours and low pay. switch v. (cause sth. to) change, esp. Suddenly 转变，改变 --She started studying English at college, but switched to Business Studies in her second year. 她在大学里一开始主攻英语，可到了第二年却转修商务课程了。 --He switched the conversation from one subject to another. 他转变话题。 slender a. 指某一部位纤细、苗条,或指微弱的、渺茫的 --She has a slender waist. --His chance of winning is slender. slim 纤细、苗条,或指微弱的、渺茫的 --The fashion model had a very slim figure.那个时装模特身材苗条。 --He has very slim hopes [chances] of success. 成功的希望很渺茫 thin 多因疾病或疲劳而消瘦 --You look rather thin after illness. swear use abusive, violent, or blasphemous language against; curse. 咒骂，诅咒 --He was so angry that he swore at his mother. 他气愤得骂了他妈妈。 swear state or promise to tell the truth or do sth. in a particular way 发誓(郑重) -- You have sworn to be faithful to me. 你已立誓对我忠实。 guarantee 指为商品质量或为实施某一义务承担责任 assure用来指人，有“使某人放心”的意思，表示所说的是真的 ensure / insure: 确保, 表示事情一定能做到， insure 还可表示保险 指作出许诺，暗示有意向，但无义务 --The watch is guaranteed for two years. --We assured the old lady that flying was safe. (必须带间接宾语sb.) --We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.保证把工作做好。 --It is advisable to insure your life against accident. --He promised to send us a postcard when he arrived. mood n. [C] the way to feel at a particular time 心情，情绪 a man of moods喜怒无常的人 -- I was in no mood to laugh and talk with strangers. 我没有心情和陌生人一起谈笑 -- The beautiful sunny morning put me in a happy mood. 阳光明媚的早晨使我心情愉快。 anyhow ad. in any case; at least:无论怎样；无论如何；至少 carelessly随随便便地 -- It may rain, but anyhow I shall go out. 天可能要下雨，但无论如何我要出门。 -- I was in such a hurry that I put my clothes on anyhow. 我很匆忙, 所以随便地把衣服穿上了。 twist v. 1) 弯曲或压挤 —His face was twisted with pain. 他痛得龇牙咧嘴。 —He twisted his mouth into a wry smile.咧嘴苦笑了一下 2) 曲解，歪曲 —The paper twisted everything I said. 报纸歪曲了我所说的一切。 n. [C] 变化，转折，改变 —But for a cruel twist of fate, he could now run his own business. 要不是时运不济，他现在可能正在经营自己的公司了。 —You may have given my words a misleading twist. 误解了我的话 grasp v. 1) 抓住；紧握, 用手或臂紧紧握住或抱住 —I grasped the cat by the back of its neck. 我抓住了猫的后脖颈。 —He grasped at anything that might help him. 他试图抓住任何对自己有利的东西。 —Grasp all, lose all. [谚]贪多必失。 —A man who grasps at too much may lose everything. 贪得无厌的人, 可能毫无所得。 2) 理解，领悟 to grasp sb’s meaning 懂某人的意思 grab take suddenly and roughly 抓取（强调抓的动作很粗野或很快） --She grabbed the book and went off for school.她抓起书就上学校去了 seize take hold of suddenly and violently突然抓住，强调突然的猛烈动作 --The policeman caught up with the thief and seized him by the collar. 警察赶上小偷一把抓住他的衣领。 snatch put out the hand suddenly and take指动作更快或更具暴力性质 --The thief snatched her purse and ran away.小偷抓过她的钱袋跑了 clutch take hold of tightly 指抓牢某物以防漏掉或被拿走 --The little girl clutched her doll tenaciously in case it might be seized away. 小姑娘紧紧抓住娃娃以防被抢 frame n. 1). [C] 画框，边框，框架 a window frame 窗框 the frame of a mirror 镜框 2) 构架，骨架the frame of a house 房屋的骨架 —This old bed has a copper frame.这张旧床的床架是铜的。 v. 1.)在... ...上加框 frame a painting 框住一幅画 2) 表达，设计，构想出frame a plan 拟定计划 —An examiner must frame his questions clearly. 主考人必须把问题提得很清楚。 —The question was framed to draw only one answer. 这个问题被限定只能有一个答案 sigh vi. take a long deep breath that can be heard, expressing sadness, tiredness, etc. 叹息，叹气 --When they were gone, she sighed with relief. sigh about/over: 为…而叹息 --It’s no good sighing over your failure. It’s better to start again. sigh for 思念、渴望；为…而难过 --She sighed for home and friends. --She sighed for the lost good old days. shiver v. shiver指“由于寒冷、恐惧或生病而发抖” --He shivered with cold. 他冻得发抖。 shake系常用词, 指“上下来回短促而急速地摇动” --Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. tremble 指因恐惧、悲忿、兴奋等情绪引起无意识地颤抖 --She trembled at the lion's roar.听到狮吼, 她浑身发抖。 quake 较为正式, 指“强烈地颤动” --The earth quaked under their feet. 地震了。 quiver指“轻微而急速地颤动、摇动”，主语为物 --The leaves quivered with the breeze. 树叶随微风摆动。 Phrases & Expressions for one thing used to introduce a reason for sth.（用以列举理由）首先；一则— --For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living; For another, our society has greatly developed. make an appointment arrange to meet or visit sb. at a particular time 预约，约会 -- I made an appointment to see the doctor. 我约定好时间去看医生。 -- The student made an appointment with his teacher at 3pm. come on （电灯、电力机器等）开，开动，运转 —The darkness came very early. Then the electric lights came on. 开始--Rain came on just before daybreak.天快亮时开始下起雨来。 举行，上演 –The next examination comes on in early summer. 赶快，来吧（不要犹豫） --Come on, make a haste, or we will be late for the party. raise the devil become very angry or complain loudly 非常生气；大声抱怨 --He would raise the devil at the mention of the difficult situation. check on examine检查、核实、调查 --We had better check on the story before we print it. --Grandfather went to the doctor to have his health checked on. point at aim or direct at瞄准，对着 --They pointed their guns at her head but she was not afraid. point to 指向；说明 --We demanded that all gun muzzles (枪口) be pointed to foreign invaders. --All the evidence points to his guilt. point out 指出 --When the mistake was pointed out to him he hastened to correct it. Language Points Albert did not fit the description of any secret agent Charles had ever read about. (Para. 1) Meaning: Albert was different from any secret agent that Charles had ever learned about from novels. Albert was, for one thing, fat. very fat. And then there was his accent. (Para. 2) Meaning: One reason was that Albert was very fat, and another was that he still had his accent. You imagined mysterious figures in the night, the crack of guns, clever disguises, secret exploits. (Para. 3) Meaning: What you were thinking of were strange characters in the night, gun fighting, secret agents disguising themselves, taking their secret adventures. … a fat man who, instead of having messages slipped into his hand by dark-eyed beauties, gets only an ordinary telephone call making an appointment in his room. (Para. 4) Meaning: … a fat man who does not get messages secretly from beautiful women but receives an ordinary telephone call that is intended for an appointment with him in his room. Presently you will see a paper of singular importance for which several men and women have risked their lives. (Para. 5) Meaning: Soon you'll see a very important paper that several men and women have tried to get at the risk of their lives. In that thought is drama, is there not? (Para. 5) Meaning: It's a very exciting thought, isn't it? As the light came on, Charles had his first thrill of the day. (Para. 6) Meaning: As the light came on, Charles had his first excitement of the day. For across the room, a small gun in his hand, stood a man. (Para. 6) Meaning: Because there was a man standing across the room, with a small gun in his hand. (Charles suddenly had a feeling of excitement and fear.) Please notice that the sentence is reversed in order (倒装). I'm going to raise the devil with the management this time; … (Para. 10) Meaning: I'll be very angry with those people in charge this time; … … gotten into my room off that damn balcony! (Para. 10) Meaning: … gotten into my room from the very balcony! Max's face was black with anger as he made a swift movement towards the window; … (Para. 19) Meaning: Max was very angry as he moved very quickly towards the window. Keeping his body twisted so that his gun still pointed at the fat man and his guest, … (Para. 21) Meaning: While Max kept himself in a position so that he could still point the gun at Albert and his guest, …