Teaching Plan Book Three Unit Five Section A Graceful hands. Warm-up Questions and Introductory Remarks 1)What does the title “Graceful hands” remind you of at first sight? 2)How did the woman die? Everybody knows that birth and death are both natural events. But due to different emotional impact and the personal meaning, birth is usually anticipated with excitement and joy while the reality of death is often avoided as best one can. Since death is a normal and natural stage of life, people, especially some terminally ill patients have the right to choose their way of death. Writing Skill A dominant impression supported by details. Look at the sample composition on page 137 Assignment: Every large city has its shifting population of vagrants. But in most cases these are men, usually with an unhealthy appetite for alcohol. Only New York, it seems, attracts this peculiar populace of lone and homeless women who live in an isolated, mistrustful world of their own.. Shopping-bag ladies do not drink. They do not huddle together for warmth and companionship like bums. They do not seem to like one another very much. Neither are they too keen on conventional people. Urban hermits, one sociologist has called them . They will spend their days and nights in the same neighborhood for months on end, then disappear as inexplicably as they came. They know the hours when restaurants put their leftovers in the garbage cans where they search for food. And local residents, seeing the same bag lady on the same corner every day, will slip her some change as they pass. Shopping-bag ladies do not overtly beg, but they do not refuse what is offered. Once a shopping-bag lady becomes a figure of your neighborhood, it is as hard to pass her by without giving her some money as it is to ignore the collection box in church.. And although you may not like it ,if she chooses your doorway as her place to sleep in the night , it is as morally hard to turn her away as it is a lost dog. Text Structure Analysis In narrative, it is common to write according to a chronological order—listing events just according to the time sequence. This kind of writing is much used in brief biographical and autobiographical sketches, and in telling stories. For this reading passage, while the author is describing what happens according to the time sequence, she takes care to zero in on a single dominant impression that is to be left to readers. Look at the following chart and you will find: The first part of the passage consists of 4 paragraphs, from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 4, telling us something about “I”, the author—a medical worker, the patient—Mrs. Clark and how the patient is. The descriptions are presented in a chronological order. First the author tells us that she has never seen the patient—Mrs. Clark before and she learns from the medical report that the patient will die that night. Then the author describes what she sees on entering the room in Paragraph 2. From Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 4, the author gives a detailed description about the patient’s conditions—she is very thin; the skin hangs loosely around her skeleton; her sunken chest rises and falls with the uneven breaths; when the author feels about the patient she is shocked to find her thin fingers ice cold and her pulse faint. All the descriptions join to leave readers a dominant impression that the patient is dying. The second part has only one paragraph, Paragraph 5, which is arranged according to the time sequence too, though without any time markers. We can understand the time sequence from our knowledge of the real world: after the author examines the patient, she does something for the patient as a medical worker. Through her service to the patient, the author creates a dominant impression on readers that the patient is seriously ill, too weak for anything. The third part is made up of 2 paragraphs, from Paragraph 6 to Paragraph 7. Here we have a clear time marker: “When I am finished” with helping the patient. We have the real exchange between the two human beings. It is also the first time that the author mentions that the patient’s graceful hands catch her attention. And in this part the author comes to understand what is in the patient’s mind. The patient chooses to send her family home and expresses her thanks to the author for being with her at this special moment. The fourth part is Paragraph 8. We can find the time marker—“Some unknown interval of time passes before her eyes open again”, which clearly connects the present part to the preceding one. The patient dies. And the author seems to have a better understanding of the patient. Mrs. Clark spares her family from seeing her die and the author feels it a privilege to be there with the patient. The fifth part is Paragraph 9. It is only two days after Mrs. Clark’s death that the author comes to learn more about her from the newspaper. The last part is Paragraph 10—only one line: Yes, they were long and graceful fingers. It leaves readers much space for further thoughts. I have never seen the patient, Mrs. Clark before , but I know that she will die tonight. Para. 1     In the patient’s room: It is typical of a seriously ill patient’s room. The only light from a piece of medical equipment is flashing; the smell of decay hits my nose ; and it is very quiet with the light on. Para.2       About the patient’s conditions: The patient is dying. Mrs. Clark lies motionless, too weak to say anything. She is very thin; the skin hangs loosely around her skeleton; her sunken chest rises and falls with the uneven breaths. I feel about the patient to find her thin fingers ice cold and her pulse faint. I help her to some water and she managers to swallow some liquid with difficulty. Paras.3-4   Para.1—4   I offer service to the patient, who is too weak for anything. I go about providing for her needs without asking her. I turn her on her side, rub cream into her yellow skin and place a pillow between her legs. Para. 5   The exchange between the two human beings: I notice for the first time her long, thin and graceful fingers and wonder why she is alone Without anyone by her side . Mrs. Clark answers my thought with her last ounce of strength, “ I sent …my family…home…tonight…didn’t want…them…to see…” and she asks me to say. Para. 6   Time seems to stand still. Our eyes meet and her long fingers curl easily around my hand and Without words, I receive her thanks through her yellow eyes. Para. 7  Paras. 6—7 The patient dies. Without warning, her shallow breathing stops. There is a swell of emotion within me for this stranger. Yet I feel it was a privilege she has allowed me to stay with her at her last moment of life .Mrs .Clark spared Her family from seeing her die , yet she did not want to die alone. And I am glad I was there for her. Para.8   Who was the patient? Two days later, I read about Mrs. Clark in the newspaper. She was the mother of seven, grandmother of eighteen, an active member of her church, a leader of volunteer associations in her community , a concert piano player, and a piano teacher for over thirty years. Para.9   What do I remember of her? Yes , they were long and graceful fingers. Para.10   New Words 1.graceful : adj. 1)优雅的，优美的 --a graceful dancer 绰约多姿的跳舞者 2)得体的，礼貌而周到的 —His refusal was worded in such a graceful way that we could not be offended. 他婉言谢绝，无损于我们的颜面。 grace n.[u][c] --airs and graces 忸怩作态，做作的样子. --get into sb’s good graces 赢得某人的好感； --have the (good)grace to do sth. 有做某事的雅量 --in sb’s good[bad] grace 被某人喜欢[厌恶] --with (a) good (bad) grace 欣然[勉强]地 graceless adj. --without grace or elegance 不优美的，不文雅的 --ungracious; rude 不雅观的，粗鲁的 a graceless remark 无礼的言辞 compare： gracious: adj. (指人及其行为)和善的，有礼貌的，大方的（尤指）礼贤下士的 —She is gracious to/toward all. 她对所有的人和蔼可亲。 2．preceding：adj. 在前的，在先的 —This point has been dealt with in the preceding paragraph. 这一点在前面一段已交代过了。 precede: v. 1)之前，先于 —Mr. Eisenhower preceded Mr. Kennedy as President. 艾森豪威尔先生是肯尼迪的前任总统。 —The flashing of lightening preceded the sound of thunder by two seconds. 闪电先于雷电2秒钟。 2）在讲某话之前先讲某话 —He preceded his speech with a few words of welcome to the special guests. 他在发言之前先向贵宾们讲了几句欢迎辞。 precedence n.（顺序，时间，重要程度，地位等的）领先；优先，优先权 --give precedence (to) 给予（…）优先考虑（或关注等） --take precedence over /of 优于；（地位或重要程度上）高于 precedent n.先例，前例，惯例 --set a precedent 开…先例，为…提供先例 --without precedent无先例的，空前的 3.decay v. 1) (使某物)变坏，腐烂，变质 —Sugar decays your teeth. 糖能腐蚀牙齿 2) 失去权力，活动，影响等。 —Our powers decay in old age .我们的体力，精力在老年时就衰退。 decay n [u] 1)腐败，衰退的状态 --tooth decay 虫蛀牙 --The feudal system slowly fell into decay. 封建制度在缓慢地衰亡。 4.pit n.[c] 1) 坑 a gravel-pit 采石场； a lime-pit 石灰采石场 a chalk-pit 白垩取土坑 2) a coal mine 煤矿 an uneconomic pit 不赢利煤矿 3) the pit of one’s/the stomach 胸口，心窝 4)dig a pit for sb. =dig sb. a pit 设圈套陷害某人，使某人陷入困境 5.secure adj. 无忧无虑的；无疑虑的 -- feel secure about one’s future 对自己的前途无忧无虑 有把握的；确切的；有保证的 --a secure investment 无风险的投资 牢固的；稳固的；可靠的 —Is that ladder secure? 那个梯子安全吗？ 安全的，受保护的 —When you’re insured, you’re secure against loss. 只要买了保险，就不会遭受损失。 secure v. 将（某物）固定住，缚住，系住 —Secure all the doors and windows before leaving. 要把所有的门窗关好再出门。 2) 使某物安全；保护 --secure sth. from/against sth. 得到某事物（有时有困难） —They’ve secured government backing (for the project) 他们得到政府（对该计划）的支持 security n.. securities 证券； the Secure Council (联合国)安全理事会 security risk (威胁国家安全的)危险人物； security guard 保安人员；护卫员 6.drip v. 1)滴下 —Rain was dripping(down) from the trees. 雨水从树上滴下。 2)让（液体）滴下 —Is that roof still dripping? 那个屋顶还漏雨吗？ 3)充满，布满 --dripping with jewels 浑身珠光宝气。 Compare：drip, leak, ooze, run, seep 除seep 外都表示液体从容器或活门 流出的方式 drip: (使某物)有规律的滴落； —Water is dripping from the pipe. 水从管中滴落。 leak: (使某物从孔中)漏出 —The barrel is leaking (wine). 酒桶漏酒。 ooze: (使某物)慢慢流出（因很稠） —The wound is oozing(blood). 伤口在出血。 run: (使某物)连续不断流出 —Water is running from the tap. 水从龙头中流出。 seep: (从细孔中)慢慢流出 —Oil is seeping from the engine. 油从发动机中渗出。 7.faint adj. 1)微弱的，模糊的；暗淡的，隐约的 —The sounds of music grew fainter in the distance. 音乐的声音在远处逐渐模糊了。 2)（指想法等）模糊的，不明确的 —There is a faint hope that she maybe cured. 她获治愈的希望渺茫。 3） a．（指体力）无力的，虚弱的 —His breathing became faint. 他的呼吸变得微弱了。 (指人)易失去知觉；昏眩 —She feels faint.他感到快要晕倒了 （idm） in a (dead) faint (完全)失去知觉 8.moisture: word-formation:suffix-ure pressure disclosure failure exposure closure seizure 9.slide v. 1) (使某物)滑动 —The drawers slide in and out easily. 这些抽屉很容易推进拉出 2)（使某物）悄悄地或偷偷地移动 —The thief slid out (of the door) while no one was looking. 小偷趁没人注意时溜了出去。 3)（如指价格）逐渐降低 —House values may begin to slide. 房价可能开始逐渐降低。 4)慢慢进入（某状态，通常指坏的） --slide into bad habits of sth. 逐渐染上坏习惯 slide n. 幻灯片 10. thirst n. [u] 1)渴。 --quench (satisfy) one’s thirst with a long drink of water 喝很多水来解渴 2)热望，渴望，渴求 --a/the thirst for knowledge/fame/revenge 渴望知识；渴望成名；决心复仇 11．injure v 伤害（某人），损害 --be slightly/seriously/badly injured in the crash 在事故中受得伤很轻/很严重/很重 （fig.比喻） injure one’s health by smoking 因吸烟损害健康 injured adj. --the injured party (律) 被害者 --the injured 在事故战斗中受伤的人 [试题] The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages, several fishing boats were____ and many houses collapsed. A. wrecked B. spoiled C. torn D injured 12. hint n. 1) 暗示；示意；间接的提示 --a strong/broad/gentle/delicate, etc hint 强烈的，明白的，轻微的，微妙的暗示 细微的迹象；线索 —The calm sea gave no hint of the storm that was coming . 平静的海上没有一点迹象显示暴风雨即将来临。 在实际方面给予的指点；忠告；注意事项 --helpful hints for plant lovers 对植物爱好者的有益忠告 (idm) take a hint: 领会示意并付诸行动 hint v. 稍微或间接地提及某事物 --hint at sth. hint sth. to sb. —The possibility of an early election has been hinted at. 已有迹象表明可能提前进行选举。 13.ounce n.[c] 盎司（1/16 磅 等于28.35克） --an ounce of sth. :(inflm 口) 尤与动词否定式连用：少量，一点 14.interval 1) 间隔，间距 2) 幕间休息，中场休息 （idm）at intervals a.每隔…时间；间或；不时；时而 --at frequent intervals 隔一小会儿 b.每隔…距离 --at intervals of two feet 每隔2英尺 [试题] Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular____ A.gaps B. rate C. length D. intervals 15.blank a. 1) 空白的，无痕迹的 --a blank page 空白的一页 2)不理解的，空虚的，没表情的 -- a blank expression/face/gaze 茫然的表情/面孔/凝视 blank n .空白，空虚 —My memory was a complete blank. 我记忆完全是一片空白 --blank cheque 空白支票 --blank verse 无韵诗 compare: empty 指中间空无一人或一物 如 —The house was empty when the fire broke out. 火灾发生时那屋子是空的。 vacant 指未被占用 —The house was vacant. (这屋子没有人居住）； 若表示某一职位空缺，得用vacant 不用empty , —The position of school principal is vacant now. 校长的职位空缺。 blank 指表面上空无一物，或者一片空白，如 --a blank page in a book (书页中的空白页) [试题] Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still____ A. blank B. hollow C. vacant D. bare 16.shallow adj. 1)浅的 shallow water 浅水 2)（derog. 贬）（指人）肤浅的，浅薄的；（指思想言语等）肤浅 的，浅显的 --a shallow conversation 浅薄的言谈 shallows n.[pl.] 河或海的浅水处 17.emotion n. 1)激情；情感；情绪 —Love ,joy ,hate, fear and jealousy are all emotions. 爱情，喜悦，憎恨，恐惧，嫉妒都是强烈的感情。 2) 激动，感动 --overcome by/with emotion 为情感所动 [试题]My father seemed to be in no ___to look at my school report. A. mood B .emotion C .attitude D. feeling emotional adj.情感的，引起情感的，易激动的 emotionless adj. 没有情感的；冷漠的 unemotional adj. 不显露情感的 18. privilege n.. [c] 特有的权利，利益或好处 —Parking in this street is the privilege of the residents. 在这条街上停车是此处居民特有的权利。 2）[n] 特别地荣幸 —It was a privilege to hear her sing. 能听到她唱歌十分荣幸 privileged adj. 1) (有时作贬义) 享有特权的；享有特殊待遇的；获得优待的 无须公开的；有权保守秘密的 —This information is privileged .这项消息无须公开。 19.episode n. [c] 1). (小说或人生等的)片段，插曲 —That is an episode in my life I’d rather forget. 那是我一生中很愿忘却的经历。 2)（电视或无线电广播的）一集 --the final episode 大结局 20.association n. 1)联合；联系；联盟；合伙 association with sb./sth. 2)友谊；友情；交往 联想 —What associations does the sea have for you? .你从大海能联想到什么？ 社团，协会，学会 —Do you belong to any professional associations? 你是哪个专业学会的？ associate adj. 1)联合的，联盟的，合伙的，an associate judge 陪审法官 2)（准的）会员 associate professor 副教授 associate n. 合伙人；同事；伙伴 —They are associates in crime .他们是共犯。 --one’s business associates 业务合伙人 associate v. 将（人或事物）联系起来 associate sb./ sth .with sb./sth. 与某人交往或常打交道 associate with sb. 声称或表示自己赞同某事物 associate oneself with sth. Phrase and Expressions 1. hang around sth. （使）在…..上挂着，（使）围在……上 hang about/around (在某处)闲荡；（和某人）在一起，厮混 hang back :退缩，踌躇不前；逗留不走 hang on :紧紧握住，抓住不放；坚持 hang together : (被)挂在一起；团结一致 hang up :挂起；挂断电话；搁置；拖延 [试题] It is not easy to learn English well, but if you ____,you will succeed in the end. A .hang up B. hang about C. hang on D .hang onto 2.reach for :伸出手以触到或拿到 reach for one’s gun :伸手掏枪；作出极度的敌对反应 reach for the roof/sky 举双手投降 [试题]When there are small children around ,it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of___ A .reach B. hand C. hold D .place 3. feel for :　1) (用手，足，棍等)摸索，寻找 　　 —She felt in her bag for her key. 他把手伸进提包里摸钥匙。 　　　　　 2) 同情 　　　　　　　—We ought to feel for those in trouble .我们应该同情那些目 前处于困境的人。 feel like 1.想要，愿意 2.摸上去如同 feel (like, quite) oneself 觉得自己身体（或精神）正常 feel one’s way 摸索着走（或干），试探 it feels like :好象要….,似乎是…. 4.turn towards 转向 turn about 1)依次地，轮流地（尤指两者相互交替地）2)转身3)反复思 考 turn aside (使)让开，挡开 turn away 不准….入内；回绝，驱逐，解雇 turn back (使)往回走，重新翻到 turn down 拒绝，关小，调低 turn in 交还；就寝；拐弯进入 turn off 关上，解雇，辞退 turn on 打开，取决于，攻击 turn out 关掉，制造，生产，原来是，证明是 turn over 翻掉，移交 　turn round 转身；使好转 　turn up :开大，调高 　by turns 轮流地，交替地 　in turn :依次地，轮流地 　take turns to do sth.依次轮流 5.go about doing sth. 着手干某事 [试题] 1)The early pioneer had to ___many hardships to settle on the new land. A. go along with B. go back on C. go through. D. go into 2)Then the speaker __the various factors leading to the present economic crisis. A. went after B. went for C. went into D.　went on 3)There are other problems which I don’t propose to ___at the moment . A. go into B. go around C. go for D. go up go after 追逐；追求；设法得到 go back on 不守（诺言）失信 go into 进入；研究；探讨（问题）；从事（某行业或活动）；开始（冗 长的讲话或演讲） go for 支持，赞成；攻击 go up 上升，增长，提升 go through 穿过，审阅，经历 go along with 赞同，遵守 go around (或about ,round) (消息等)传开；（食物等）够分配 6.provide for sth. —The planners had not provided for a failure of the power system.. 计划制定者未对动力系统可能出现的故障一事制定应变措施。 provided(that)：假若，倘若，除非 7.pick sb. up 1)用汽车搭载某人或接某人 2)偶然结识某人（贬义，口语） 3)救起某人（如从海上） 4)（指警方等）逮捕某人 　 5)拿起，举起 pick on :选中某人（尤指屡次）惩罚，批评，或责怪 pick out:挑出，分辨出，凭记忆奏（乐曲） pick over :检查（蔬菜，水果，衣物等）以挑出最佳者或剔除劣品 pick up :好转，改善；重新开始，继续 8.pull up :把…拉过来，把….拉向前 pull. into sth.:(指火车)进站 pull out of sth.(指火车)驶离车站 pull ahead (of sb./sth.)领先于（某人／某事） pull (sb.) back: (使)某人退却 pull sth.　down:毁坏，拆毁 pull-up (Bri.) (US pull-off) 路旁停车处 Language Points As I stand there, the smell hits my nose, and I close my eyes as I remember the smell of decay from past experience.(Para.2) Meaning: While I stand there , I smell the unpleasant smell of a dying person and I close my eyes as I recall the smell of decay from the experience I had before. hit: 极大地影响 —The increase in food prices hits everyone’s pocket. 食品的提价会使每个人的经济收入受到损失。 —The farmers were badly (或hard) hit by the lack of rain. 雨水不足使农民们蒙受巨大损失。 2.I reach for the light switch, and as it silently lights the scene, I return to the bed to observe the patient with an unemotional, medical eye.(Para.2) Meaning: I stretch out my hand to turn on the light , and as the light quietly lights the whole room, I return to the bed to watch the patient without any personal emotions as a professional doctor does. 3.….the skin is dark yellow and hangs loosely around exaggerated bones that not even a blanket can hide….(Para.3) Meaning:…the skin has the color of dark yellow and hangs loosely around the large bony skeleton that even a blanket can not hide… 4….the right arm lies straight out at the side , taped cruelly to a board to secure a needle so that fluid may drip in …(Para.3) Meaning: …the right arm lies over the edge of the bed , and is fixed cruelly with a piece of tape to a board so as to fix a needle to let fluid enter the body drop by drop… 5.Taking a glass of water from the table , I put my finger over the end of the straw and allow a few drops of the cool moisture to slide into her mouth and ease her thirst.(Para.4) Meaning: Taking a glass of water from the table , I put my finger over the end of the straw and let a few drops of water drip into her mouth and relieve her thirst. 6.She makes no attempt to swallow; there is just not enough strength.(Para.) Meaning: She doesn’t try to swallow the water, for she is too weak to do that. 7.Naked, except for a light hospital gown, she is so very small and light that she seems like a victim of some terrible famine.(Para.5) Meaning: She wears nothing except for a light hospital gown, and she is very small and light as if she was suffered from eating nothing for quite a long time. 8.Carefully, to avoid injuring her ,I rub cream into the yellow skin, which rolls freely over the bones , feeling perfectly the outline of each bone in the back.(Para.5) Meaning: I take care and try not to hurt her while I rub cream into the yellow skin. The loose skin rolls freely over the bones , and I can feel perfectly the outline of each bone in the back. 9.Slowly ,still holding her hand, I become aware that I do not mind this emotional battle , that in fact , it was a privilege she has allowed me , and I wound do it again, gladly. (Para.8) Meaning: While I still hold her hand , I gradually realize that I do not mind this emotional struggle between having her with me and saying good-bye to her. I also become aware that in effect ,the struggle was a special right she has given me,and I would experience it again ,and with pleasure. Note that here “it” refers to the emotional struggle, i.e. the “swell of emotion within me for this stranger who so quickly came into and went from my life”. Note also the second that-clause(that in fact…) goes together with the first that-clause(that I do not mind…) 10.Mrs. Clark spared her family an episode that perhaps they were not equipped to handle and instead shared it with me.(Para.8) Meaning: Mrs. Clark prevented her family from suffering an event which perhaps they were not prepared to deal with and shared it with me instead. Grammar: 主谓一致中的就近原则 由or ,either…or, neither …nor ,not only…but (also)连接的并列主语的主谓 一致，通常根据就近原则处理。 --Neither you nor I ,nor anyone else was awarded the prize . 可是，在非正式语体中，由neither …nor 连接的并列主语也可根据意义一致的原则采用复数动词,例如 --Neither my father nor I were there that day. 由neither …nor 连接两个单数名词做主语后跟复数动词的用法在口语中很常见，它比单数动词听起来更加自然 试题：Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university ____.(98/01/33) A)has been accepted B)have been accepted C)was accepted D)were accepted 以not only 和so 开首的句子或分句结构的局部倒装问题， 以关联词not only (…but also) 开首的句子或分句结构往往引起局部倒装 --Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. 如果置于句首的not only (…but also)仅是连接用作主语的两个并列名词词 组，那就不产生倒装问题。 --Not only men but women and children are affected by the new law . 当构成关联从属连词so…that 的so 出现于句首时，通常引起局部倒装， 如果谓语动词为be 则为全部倒装。 --So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night . --So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 另一种情况是：当句首so 用作替代词表示“也是”某种情况时，也引起 局部倒装，如果谓语动词为be则为全部倒装。 A: I’ve read his new novel. B: So have I. 如果句首so不是表示“也是”，而是表示“是的，确实”，即在简短回答 中表示同意对方的意见时，则不引起倒装。 A: We have all worked hard. B: So we have. Section B. Decisions of the Heart Reading Skills Understanding Idiomatic Expressions The meaning of idiomatic expressions can be very hard---even impossible----to guess. Word formations in dictionaries don’t always help, and even fool us entirely ! Idioms grow out of events and usage within the specific culture and that is why learning the cultural behavior is as important ---and maybe more important in some instances—as learning the words if we are to achieve truly effective communication. To understand idiomatic expressions in a reading passage , one must be good at : searching for context clues, looking at examples if there are any , finding explanations if there are any, locating opposite or similar expressions. Here are more examples picked from Reading Passage A. Example 1 They are ice cold, and I quickly move to the wrist and feel for the faint pulse. (Para. 4, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) feel for :try to find sth. by touch Example 2 She is too weak for conversation, so without asking,I go about providing for her needs.(Para.5, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) Go about (doing sth.):start to work at sth. Example 3 When I am furnished, pull a chair up beside the bed to face her and ,taking her free hand between mine ,again notice the long ,thin fingers.(Para. 6, Reading Passage A, Unit 5) pull a chair up :move a chair forward. New Words: 1.stroke n. stoke of sth. (某类型的) 一次成功或有效的行动或事情 stroke of luck (idm) at a /one stroke 一下子，一举 2.deny v. 拒绝 He denies nothing to his family.家里人要什么就给什么。 不承认，否认 —The prisoner denies the charges against him. 囚犯否认对他的指控。 —Green denied doing anything illegal. 格林否认干过任何非法的事。 deny oneself 节制；戒绝；屏弃 deny oneself to: 不会见，谢绝 there is no denying…不可否认 denial n. 3.condemn 1)谴责；责备；指摘 —The papers were quick to condemn him for his mistake. 报纸及时指摘他的错误。 判某人刑 condemn sb. to death 判处某人死刑。 —He was found guilty and condemn to be shot. 他被判有罪，处以枪决。 使某人接受不好的某事物；使某人注定 —An unhappy worker, condemned to a job he hates. 闷闷不乐的工作者，无奈何要做他厌恶的工作。 —As an old person ,one is often condemned to live alone. 老年人常出于无奈而独自生活。 4．relieve 1)减轻或解除（痛苦，困苦，忧虑等） --relieve suffering ,hardship 解除痛苦，苦难 救济，援助 —relieve famine in Africa 救济非洲的饥荒灾区 —The bypass relieves traffic jams in our city center. 这条道路缓解了我们城市中心的交通阻塞情况。 --relieve oneself 解小便或大便（委婉语） （idm）--relieve one’s feelings 发泄感情 --relieve sb. of sth.. 解除某人的（负担，责任等） relieved adj. 宽慰的，放心的。 5．withdraw 1）取钱 He withdrew 500 yuan from the bank. 他从银行取出500元钱。 2) 退出、收回、撤走 The general refused to withdraw his troops. 那个将军拒不撤回部队。 withdrawal n.[u][c] 撤回、收回、取回 withdrawn adj. （指人）不交际的、离群索居的 6．necessity necessities of life 生活必需品 7．sympathetic 1）同情的，出于同情的 a sympathetic smile 表示同情的笑容 2）表示好感或赞同 —We asked for her support in the election, but she wasn’t sympathetic to our request. 我们请求她在选举中给予支持，但他对我们的要求无动于衷。 sympathy n. in sympathy with sb./sth. 对某人事业等表示出支持，赞同 sympathize v. sympathize with sb./sth. 同情，赞同，支持 8．profession (尤指须受高深教育及专业训练者)职业 by profession (idm) : as one’s paid occupation 作为职业 —I am a teacher by profession.我的职业是教师。 Phrases and Expressions: 1.（all） on one’s own 1)独自 —She lives on her own. 她独自过日子。 2)单独地；独立的 —He can be left to work on his own . 工作可交给他一个人做 compare: of one’s own : 属于自己的 —Children need toys of their own. 儿童需要有自己的玩具。 2.come along : arrive ,appear —When the right opportunity comes along, she’ll take it . 到适当的机 会来临，她就能抓住。 3.take (run) its course :听其自然发展；按常规进行 —We can’t cure the disease ; it must take its course. 我们治不了这种疾病，只好听其自然 4.fight off 抵抗，击退 --fight off a cold , a feeling of tiredness 治愈感冒，驱除疲劳感 --fighting off repeated enemy attacks 击退敌人一次又一次的进攻 compare fight (against) sth. :争取克服，战胜，摧毁或防止（某事 物） --fight (against) poverty 与贫困作斗争 5.in vain : 无结果的，无用的 [试题] The thief tried to open the locked door but___. A)in no way B)in vain C)without effect D) at a loss 6.come by sth. 得到某事物（通常靠努力） —Jobs are hard to come by these days. 2) 偶然获得某事物 —How did you come by that scratch on your cheek? 你脸上的抓伤是怎么来的？ 7.chances are(that): it is likely that —Chances are that she’ll be coming. 她很有可能会来 8.confront with: face with 使面对（问题，挑战等） —When confronted with the evidence of her guilt, she confessed. 她面对罪证，供认不讳。 9.die of 因（患）….而死 —She died of pneumonia .她死于肺炎。 die from 由于….而死 — She died from an accident. 她因事故而死。 10.come down to sth. /doing sth. 沦落为 —He had come down to begging. 他已沦为乞丐。 可归结为某事物；是某事物的问题 —It comes down to two choices : you either improve your work, or you leave. 归结起来有两条出路：你或者改进工作，或者辞职。 11.bar…from 禁止某人做某事 —She was barred from(entering) the competitionbecause of her age. 她因年龄的关系而被禁止参加比赛。 Language Points: When I say better ,I mean she’ll go on as she has—until some other germ comes along.( Para.4) Meaning: When I say better ,I mean she’ll be restored to the condition before the infection and remain like that—until some other germ appears. On the one hand, you cannot bear to see your once vigorous mother living the painful, limited life to which the stroke has condemned her .(Para.5) Meaning: On the one hand, it makes you feel painful to see your mother, who was once healthy and active, living the painful ,limited life because of the stroke. On the other hand, you hate to be the one to decide to let nature take its course.(Para.5) Meaning: On the other hand, you hate to be the person who has to make the decision to let your mother die on her own. let nature take its course : allow events to happen and develop naturally Here, of course, “nature” refers to “the life of your mother”. Therefore, the implied meaning of the phrase is “let your mother’s life come to a natural end” or “let your mother die on her own”; I’d say ,”Don’t give her anything to fight the infection.”(Para.6) Meaning: I would say(My suggestions is),”Don’t give her any medicine to prevent or stop the infection.” Please note that here “would” is used when you are giving your opinion. For example : I’d say she’s about 40. 我想他40岁左右。 5．…maybe she’ll fight off the infection on her own and if she doesn’t, she’ll die a peaceful death.(Para.6) Meaning: …maybe she’ll get rid of the infection by herself and if she doesn’t , she’ll die a peaceful and natural death. 6. I can make this decision because I’ve gone down this road with patients many times(Para.7) Meaning: I’m able to make this decision because I’ve experienced the same thing with patients many times. Here “gone down this road with patients” refer to the process of making the choice mentioned in the previous paragraph ,that is, “Don’t give her anything to fight the infection .Keep her comfortable and let’s see what happens.” 7. Similarly ,I can give you fluids through a needle in your arm, which will keep you fed as your appetite slips away ;the fluids might add a week or two to your life. (Para.) Meaning: In about the same way ,I can keep you alive by giving you fluids to feed you through a needle in your arm while you gradually lose your appetite .The fluids might enable you to live one or two weeks longer. Keep you fed: prevent you from going hungry Please note the structure:keep+n.+v.-ed keep the windows closed 让窗一直关着 slip away: move smoothly ,secretly ,or unnoticedly I hope we can slip away before she notices. 我希望我们能在她觉察之前溜走。 8．No one wanted to take the responsibility for permitting an operation, yet no one would give permission to stop feeding the patient entirely.(Para.11) Meaning: No one wanted to be responsible for letting the patient undergo an operation, yet no one would agree to stop feeding the patient completely. 9.For the 30 years I have been a doctor ,and for hundreds of years before that, doctors and families have been quietly cooperating to decide what is best for a patient in the final phase of an illness.(Para.14) Meaning:For the 30 years I have been a doctor , and for hundreds of years before that ,doctors and families have been quietly working together to decide what is best for a patient in the last moment of his or her life . before that: before the year when I became a doctor 10.But there is no question that if either party insists on bringing in a so-called “neutral” third party…(Para.16) there is no question that ….:undoubtedly; certainly There is no question that success calls for hard work. 毫无疑问，成功是要靠努力的。 What we are trying to avoid is neutrality ;the only people with any question to decide are those who know the patient intimately and can put his or her interests first.(Para.17) Meaning: We are trying not to be neutral; the only people who are qualified to make decision are those who know the patient very well and care his or her interests more than their own.