Chapter three,
Unit four,
You are What You Think
*subject vs,topic (theme)
Revision of,grammatical meaning”
? Try to translate the following sentences
? In 1945,Japan?s industrial capacity was
? totally destroyed and years later,Made
? in Japan” was a catch phrase for shoddy,
second-rate merchandise,Things have changed.
? 1945年日本完全丧失了工业生产能力 。 几年后虽然
,日本制造, 频频见诸于各种商品, 但也只是伪劣
品和残次品的代名词 。 而 如今 情况却大不相同了 。
? In part,that?s because optimists and pessimists
deal with the same challenges and disappoint-
ments in very different ways.
? 其中部分原因是, 对同样的 挑战和挫折, 乐
观者和悲观者 的处理 方法 截然不同 。
Revision of,grammatical meaning”
? The grocery store which gave us credit is still
there,and there can be no doubt that it is still
giving credit,The people in the project
certainly need it--far more,indeed,than they
ever needed the project,The last time I
passed by,the Jewish proprietor was still
standing among his shelves,looking sadder and
heavier but scarcely any older,Farther down
the block stands the shoe-repair store in
which our shoes were repaired until reparation
became impossible and in which,then we bought
all our ?new? ones,The Negro proprietor is still
in the window,head down,working at
the leather,（ James Baldwin,A Letter
From Harlem）
Revision of,grammatical meaning”
? 杂货店 还 在 。 以前 人们急需那项房屋计划, 而
今 看来, 人们更需要这家杂货店 。 从前 它总给
人们赊账, 现在 显然和以前没什么两样 。 记得
我 上次 经过这家店铺时, 犹太老板就站在货架
旁, 虽然看上去比 现在 更加沉重, 更加难过,
可没有 现在 这样苍老 。 远处的那家修鞋铺也 还
在 。 透过玻璃窗, 我 仍 能看到黑人鞋匠低着头,
打理着皮子 。 以前 我们总是把鞋子拿到那里去
修, 如果再也没法修补了, 我们就会在那里买
一双, 新鞋, 。
Subject vs,topic (theme) (1)
? Subject in linguistics,(the traditional way of explanation)
? It refers to one of the nouns in the nominative case.
– She loves her father.
? In English,grammatical subject refers to a noun which
can establish correspondence with the verb and which
can be checked by a tag-question test.
– He is a teacher,(Isn?t he? X Isn?t a teacher)
– He was taught by the teacher,(Wasn?t he?)
? For the semantic point of view,a subject is the doer of
the action.
– The boy kicked the dog.
– The books sold well,(book is not the doer)
? Psychologically,people tend to regard the first major
constituent of a sentence as the subject.
– The moon is rising.
– Yesterday,I went to the zoo.
Subject vs,topic (theme) (2)
? In Chinese,subject is what is stated and described.
– 北京 我没到过 。 我的法语 看报很吃力 。
– 他脸色 不大好 。 这墙 没法钉钉子 。
– 自行车 骑走了 。 家里的事 不用你管 。
? Theme in linguistics (the new idea,from discourse
grammar)
? Halliday divides a sentence into theme and rheme.
Theme is the part appears at the beginning of the
sentence.
? sentence
? theme rheme
? Discourse Modal cognitive
? Well then surely he must have made
? a lot of money.
Subject vs,topic (theme) (3)
? More examples,theme-rheme
– If the duck gives anything to my aunt,it?ll be that
teapot.
– Without computer,it is impossible to solve the
problem.
? Compare some sentences and their translation in
the text,(difference)
– Do you see the glass as half full rather than half
empty?
– 盛有半杯水的杯子, 你是否只考虑它有水的一半, 而不管
哪没水的一半？
– In a major study,psychologist Seligman surveyed
sales representatives at… Co.
– 心理学家塞里曼 …… 对保险公司的销售人员做过一
次重要的调查 。
Homework
? Read from P109 to P112
? Translate passage 7,para,6--10
Discussion on the passage 7
? Difficult points:
? The concept … raises all kinds of … questions.
? 引发各种各样的有关 ……的问题 。
? 引发关于 ……等各种各样的问题 。
? Like any new product entering the food chain,
genetically modified foods must be subjected
to rigorous testing.
? 就像任何 ……一样, 转基因 ……必须经过严格的检验 。
? 任何一种新食品要进入食物链都要经过严格的检验,转基因食品也不例外 。
? 和其他产品一样, 转基因 ……就要经过严密的检验 。
? In wealthy countries,the debate about biotech
is tempered by the fact that we…
? 在发达国家 ……,我们 ……
Unit four,
You are What You Think
*subject vs,topic (theme)
Revision of,grammatical meaning”
? Try to translate the following sentences
? In 1945,Japan?s industrial capacity was
? totally destroyed and years later,Made
? in Japan” was a catch phrase for shoddy,
second-rate merchandise,Things have changed.
? 1945年日本完全丧失了工业生产能力 。 几年后虽然
,日本制造, 频频见诸于各种商品, 但也只是伪劣
品和残次品的代名词 。 而 如今 情况却大不相同了 。
? In part,that?s because optimists and pessimists
deal with the same challenges and disappoint-
ments in very different ways.
? 其中部分原因是, 对同样的 挑战和挫折, 乐
观者和悲观者 的处理 方法 截然不同 。
Revision of,grammatical meaning”
? The grocery store which gave us credit is still
there,and there can be no doubt that it is still
giving credit,The people in the project
certainly need it--far more,indeed,than they
ever needed the project,The last time I
passed by,the Jewish proprietor was still
standing among his shelves,looking sadder and
heavier but scarcely any older,Farther down
the block stands the shoe-repair store in
which our shoes were repaired until reparation
became impossible and in which,then we bought
all our ?new? ones,The Negro proprietor is still
in the window,head down,working at
the leather,（ James Baldwin,A Letter
From Harlem）
Revision of,grammatical meaning”
? 杂货店 还 在 。 以前 人们急需那项房屋计划, 而
今 看来, 人们更需要这家杂货店 。 从前 它总给
人们赊账, 现在 显然和以前没什么两样 。 记得
我 上次 经过这家店铺时, 犹太老板就站在货架
旁, 虽然看上去比 现在 更加沉重, 更加难过,
可没有 现在 这样苍老 。 远处的那家修鞋铺也 还
在 。 透过玻璃窗, 我 仍 能看到黑人鞋匠低着头,
打理着皮子 。 以前 我们总是把鞋子拿到那里去
修, 如果再也没法修补了, 我们就会在那里买
一双, 新鞋, 。
Subject vs,topic (theme) (1)
? Subject in linguistics,(the traditional way of explanation)
? It refers to one of the nouns in the nominative case.
– She loves her father.
? In English,grammatical subject refers to a noun which
can establish correspondence with the verb and which
can be checked by a tag-question test.
– He is a teacher,(Isn?t he? X Isn?t a teacher)
– He was taught by the teacher,(Wasn?t he?)
? For the semantic point of view,a subject is the doer of
the action.
– The boy kicked the dog.
– The books sold well,(book is not the doer)
? Psychologically,people tend to regard the first major
constituent of a sentence as the subject.
– The moon is rising.
– Yesterday,I went to the zoo.
Subject vs,topic (theme) (2)
? In Chinese,subject is what is stated and described.
– 北京 我没到过 。 我的法语 看报很吃力 。
– 他脸色 不大好 。 这墙 没法钉钉子 。
– 自行车 骑走了 。 家里的事 不用你管 。
? Theme in linguistics (the new idea,from discourse
grammar)
? Halliday divides a sentence into theme and rheme.
Theme is the part appears at the beginning of the
sentence.
? sentence
? theme rheme
? Discourse Modal cognitive
? Well then surely he must have made
? a lot of money.
Subject vs,topic (theme) (3)
? More examples,theme-rheme
– If the duck gives anything to my aunt,it?ll be that
teapot.
– Without computer,it is impossible to solve the
problem.
? Compare some sentences and their translation in
the text,(difference)
– Do you see the glass as half full rather than half
empty?
– 盛有半杯水的杯子, 你是否只考虑它有水的一半, 而不管
哪没水的一半？
– In a major study,psychologist Seligman surveyed
sales representatives at… Co.
– 心理学家塞里曼 …… 对保险公司的销售人员做过一
次重要的调查 。
Homework
? Read from P109 to P112
? Translate passage 7,para,6--10
Discussion on the passage 7
? Difficult points:
? The concept … raises all kinds of … questions.
? 引发各种各样的有关 ……的问题 。
? 引发关于 ……等各种各样的问题 。
? Like any new product entering the food chain,
genetically modified foods must be subjected
to rigorous testing.
? 就像任何 ……一样, 转基因 ……必须经过严格的检验 。
? 任何一种新食品要进入食物链都要经过严格的检验,转基因食品也不例外 。
? 和其他产品一样, 转基因 ……就要经过严密的检验 。
? In wealthy countries,the debate about biotech
is tempered by the fact that we…
? 在发达国家 ……,我们 ……
