PREFACE
绪论
教学目标 Objectives：
? 了解经济学的研究内容
? 理解经济, 稀缺, 生产可能性边界, 机会成本的含义
? 掌握人类社会的基本经济问题
? 分析解决人类社会的基本经济问题的影响因素
知识点 Knowledge：
? 资源的稀缺性
? 经济学的研究内容
? 人类社会的基本经济问题
技能点 Skills：
? 正确理解资源的稀缺性和选择问题
? 分析 解 决 人 类 社 会 的基本 经济问题 的影 响 因素
Economics
Production
Consumption
Factors of production Labor
Land and raw materials Capital
scarcity the Production Possibility
Economic System
Mixed economy
opportunity cost Microeconomics
Macroeconomics
专业词汇 Professional terms
Production,The transformation of inputs into outputs
by firms in order to earn profit (or meet some other
objective).
Consumption,The act of using goods and services to
satisfy wants,This will normally involve purchasing
the goods and services.
Factors of production (or resources),The inputs into the
production of goods and services,labor,land and raw
materials,and capital.
Definition
Definition
Labor,All forms of human input,both physical
and mental,into current production.
Land and raw materials,Inputs into production
that are provided by nature,e.g,unimproved land
and mineral deposits in the ground.
Capital,All inputs into production that have
themselves been produced,e.g,factories,machines
and tools.
0.1 WHAT DO ECONOMICS STUDY?
经济学的研究对象
What is the scarcity?
Scarcity is the excess of human wants over
what can actually be produced,Because of
scarcity,various choices have to be made
between alternatives,
相对于人类社会的无限欲望而言, 经济物
品, 或者生产这些物品所需要的资源总是
不足的, 资源的这种相对有限性就是资源
的稀缺性 。
一、什么是资源的稀缺性
How can we perceive the scarcity?
The scarcity is comparative with human wants.
The problem of scarcity will exist forever.
Economics could not live without scarcity.
理解资源稀缺性这一概念时, 要注意三点：
第一，资源稀缺性强调的不是资源绝对数量的多少，而是相
对于人类社会需要的无限性而言的资源的有限性。
第二，对于人类社会来说，资源稀缺性的存在是一个永恒的
问题。
第三，经济学研究的问题是由于资源稀缺性的存在而产生的，
没有资源稀缺性就没有经济学研究的必要性。
二、怎样理解资源的稀缺性
（ 一 ） 生产可能性 the Production Possibility
What is the production possibility curve?
A curve showing all the possible combinations of two
goods that a country can produce within a
specified time period with all its resources fully
and efficiently employed.
三、人类社会的基本经济问题
（二）人类社会经济基本问题的种类
1.生产什么，生产多少
? What goods and services are going to be produced and in
what quantities,since there are not enough resources to produce all
the things people desire?
?2.怎样生产 （ 如何生产 ）
? How are things going to be produced,given that there is
normally more than one way of producing things?
3.为谁生产
For whom are things going to be produced? In other words,
how will the nation’s income be distributed?
三、人类社会的基本经济问题
Economic System
Scarcity
Choice and opportunity cost
Opportunity cost of any activity is the
sacrifice made to do it,It is the best
thing that could have been done as an
alternative.
（三）解决人类社会基本经济问题的影响因素
三、人类社会的基本经济问题
（一）微观经济学 Microeconomics
? 微观经济学研究的内容要点
? 微观经济学研究的假设条件
? 微观经济学研究的基本内容
（ 二 ） 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics
? 宏观经济学 研究的内容要点
? 宏观经济学 研究的假设条件
? 宏观经济学 研究的基本内容
（三）微观经济学与宏观经济学的联系
四、经济学的研究对象
绪论
教学目标 Objectives：
? 了解经济学的研究内容
? 理解经济, 稀缺, 生产可能性边界, 机会成本的含义
? 掌握人类社会的基本经济问题
? 分析解决人类社会的基本经济问题的影响因素
知识点 Knowledge：
? 资源的稀缺性
? 经济学的研究内容
? 人类社会的基本经济问题
技能点 Skills：
? 正确理解资源的稀缺性和选择问题
? 分析 解 决 人 类 社 会 的基本 经济问题 的影 响 因素
Economics
Production
Consumption
Factors of production Labor
Land and raw materials Capital
scarcity the Production Possibility
Economic System
Mixed economy
opportunity cost Microeconomics
Macroeconomics
专业词汇 Professional terms
Production,The transformation of inputs into outputs
by firms in order to earn profit (or meet some other
objective).
Consumption,The act of using goods and services to
satisfy wants,This will normally involve purchasing
the goods and services.
Factors of production (or resources),The inputs into the
production of goods and services,labor,land and raw
materials,and capital.
Definition
Definition
Labor,All forms of human input,both physical
and mental,into current production.
Land and raw materials,Inputs into production
that are provided by nature,e.g,unimproved land
and mineral deposits in the ground.
Capital,All inputs into production that have
themselves been produced,e.g,factories,machines
and tools.
0.1 WHAT DO ECONOMICS STUDY?
经济学的研究对象
What is the scarcity?
Scarcity is the excess of human wants over
what can actually be produced,Because of
scarcity,various choices have to be made
between alternatives,
相对于人类社会的无限欲望而言, 经济物
品, 或者生产这些物品所需要的资源总是
不足的, 资源的这种相对有限性就是资源
的稀缺性 。
一、什么是资源的稀缺性
How can we perceive the scarcity?
The scarcity is comparative with human wants.
The problem of scarcity will exist forever.
Economics could not live without scarcity.
理解资源稀缺性这一概念时, 要注意三点：
第一，资源稀缺性强调的不是资源绝对数量的多少，而是相
对于人类社会需要的无限性而言的资源的有限性。
第二，对于人类社会来说，资源稀缺性的存在是一个永恒的
问题。
第三，经济学研究的问题是由于资源稀缺性的存在而产生的，
没有资源稀缺性就没有经济学研究的必要性。
二、怎样理解资源的稀缺性
（ 一 ） 生产可能性 the Production Possibility
What is the production possibility curve?
A curve showing all the possible combinations of two
goods that a country can produce within a
specified time period with all its resources fully
and efficiently employed.
三、人类社会的基本经济问题
（二）人类社会经济基本问题的种类
1.生产什么，生产多少
? What goods and services are going to be produced and in
what quantities,since there are not enough resources to produce all
the things people desire?
?2.怎样生产 （ 如何生产 ）
? How are things going to be produced,given that there is
normally more than one way of producing things?
3.为谁生产
For whom are things going to be produced? In other words,
how will the nation’s income be distributed?
三、人类社会的基本经济问题
Economic System
Scarcity
Choice and opportunity cost
Opportunity cost of any activity is the
sacrifice made to do it,It is the best
thing that could have been done as an
alternative.
（三）解决人类社会基本经济问题的影响因素
三、人类社会的基本经济问题
（一）微观经济学 Microeconomics
? 微观经济学研究的内容要点
? 微观经济学研究的假设条件
? 微观经济学研究的基本内容
（ 二 ） 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics
? 宏观经济学 研究的内容要点
? 宏观经济学 研究的假设条件
? 宏观经济学 研究的基本内容
（三）微观经济学与宏观经济学的联系
四、经济学的研究对象
