Chapter 8 Learning strategies
Illiteracy = not knowing how to learn
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? 8.1 What are learning strategies?
? Learning strategies are specific methods of
learning information that help them learn and
remember things,The four commonly observed
trends in the development of learning strategies
? (1)rehearsal increases during the elementary
school years,It is rare in kindergarten children
but increases in frequency and effectiveness
throughout the elementary school years.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? (2) organization improves throughout the
elementary and secondary grades,Researches
consistently show that organized information is
learned more easily and remembered more
completely than unorganized information.
? (3) Elaboration emerges around puberty and
increases throughout adolescence,Elaboration
is a process of using what you already know to
expand on new information.
? (4)Learning strategies become increasingly
efficient and effective.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? 8.2 Effective learning strategies
? (1) Identifying important information
? The first sentence of a lesson or paragraph,(but not
always)
? Items that look different(italics or boldface type)
? Items presented in more than one way.
? Items that are intrinsically interesting.
? How we help students learn more effectively by
letting them know what ideas are most important in
lectures and reading materials?
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? (1) Identifying important information
? ＊ Provide a list of objectives for a lesson.
? ＊ Write key concepts and major ideas on the
chalkboard.
? ＊ Ask questions that focus students’s attention on
important ideas.
? (2) Taking notes
? It serves two very important functions,first,it helps
learners pay attention to and encode information,
thus allowing for more effective storage in memory,
Second,it provides a means of external storage for the
information,Long-term memory is often unreliable,
whereas notebooks are fairly dependable.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? (3) Retrieving relevant prior knowledge.
? (4) Organizing,
? ＊ outlining the material
? ＊ making concept maps(a diagram that depicts the
concepts of a unit and their interrelationships)
? (5) Elaborating
? (6) summarizing
? ＊ separating important from unimportant
information.
? ＊ Considering details into more general ideas.
? ＊ Identifying important relationships among those
general ideas.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? (7) Comprehension monitoring
? Check to make sure they understand what
they are reading or hearing,and take steps to
correct the situation when they don’t
comprehend,perhaps by rereading a section
of a textbook or asking a question in class.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? 8.3 Factors affecting strategy use
? (1)knowledge base
? (2) previous comprehension monitoring
? (3)beliefs about the nature of knowledge and
knowledge acquisition.
? (4)strategies training.
? time management,effective learning and
reading strategies,note-taking strategies,
specific memory techniques,comprehension-
monitoring strategies,test-taking strategies.
Illiteracy = not knowing how to learn
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? 8.1 What are learning strategies?
? Learning strategies are specific methods of
learning information that help them learn and
remember things,The four commonly observed
trends in the development of learning strategies
? (1)rehearsal increases during the elementary
school years,It is rare in kindergarten children
but increases in frequency and effectiveness
throughout the elementary school years.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? (2) organization improves throughout the
elementary and secondary grades,Researches
consistently show that organized information is
learned more easily and remembered more
completely than unorganized information.
? (3) Elaboration emerges around puberty and
increases throughout adolescence,Elaboration
is a process of using what you already know to
expand on new information.
? (4)Learning strategies become increasingly
efficient and effective.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? 8.2 Effective learning strategies
? (1) Identifying important information
? The first sentence of a lesson or paragraph,(but not
always)
? Items that look different(italics or boldface type)
? Items presented in more than one way.
? Items that are intrinsically interesting.
? How we help students learn more effectively by
letting them know what ideas are most important in
lectures and reading materials?
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? (1) Identifying important information
? ＊ Provide a list of objectives for a lesson.
? ＊ Write key concepts and major ideas on the
chalkboard.
? ＊ Ask questions that focus students’s attention on
important ideas.
? (2) Taking notes
? It serves two very important functions,first,it helps
learners pay attention to and encode information,
thus allowing for more effective storage in memory,
Second,it provides a means of external storage for the
information,Long-term memory is often unreliable,
whereas notebooks are fairly dependable.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? (3) Retrieving relevant prior knowledge.
? (4) Organizing,
? ＊ outlining the material
? ＊ making concept maps(a diagram that depicts the
concepts of a unit and their interrelationships)
? (5) Elaborating
? (6) summarizing
? ＊ separating important from unimportant
information.
? ＊ Considering details into more general ideas.
? ＊ Identifying important relationships among those
general ideas.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? (7) Comprehension monitoring
? Check to make sure they understand what
they are reading or hearing,and take steps to
correct the situation when they don’t
comprehend,perhaps by rereading a section
of a textbook or asking a question in class.
Chapter 8 Learning strategies
? 8.3 Factors affecting strategy use
? (1)knowledge base
? (2) previous comprehension monitoring
? (3)beliefs about the nature of knowledge and
knowledge acquisition.
? (4)strategies training.
? time management,effective learning and
reading strategies,note-taking strategies,
specific memory techniques,comprehension-
monitoring strategies,test-taking strategies.
