Scientific basis of costs:
A surprising view of economic
processes
John Coulter johntsinghua@hotmail.com
成本的学术理论基础：
从一个崭新的视角来看待经济运行过程
壮歌德 博士
It is useful and very tempting to value
MANY THINGS in $
But there are also many problems.
No market,no price.
No price,can’t count it.
Can’t count it,doesn’t count
Eg:
house cleaning,
raising children,loving children
Straw 干草 (estimated 660,000,000
tonnes a year in China,estimated
worth $7,000,000,000 - not counted
in GDP).
The ecological service of the oceans
and global water cycle,
There has been a long history of
discontent with conventional
economics price determination
by market forces,or by
government decree.
人们对由市场力量或者政
府规制决定的传统经济价
格的不满由来已久
There are many attempts to
uncover a,scientific” value of
products and an objective,
universal costing of economic
processes.
一直以来，我们都在不断尝
试搞清产品或客观、世界性
的经济过程成本的某种, 学
术, 价值。
1,Background
a) Ricardo (1817) and,free”
Nature,including water,
virgin land,air and all new
natural resources.
1．背景
a)李嘉图 (1817) 的, 自由, 自然
界，包括水、处女地、空气和所
有新的自然资源,
Quesnay
“circular
flow”
Ricardo
.
Herman Daly,
Chief Economist,
Environment,
World Bank
Through the Industrial Revolution in England,the rest of Europe and then the shift to
the New World (east coast then to the US’s west),new resources were tapped from
colonies and other distant cornucopias.
通过起使于英国，到其他欧洲国家再到
新大陆（东海岸然后到美国西部）的工
业革命，新的资源被从殖民地和其它的
遥远而富饶的地方开发。
This expansion has met its logical contradiction in globalisation,where there are now
no new fields to exploit.
这种膨胀已经遇到了它的逻辑上的矛盾，
在全世界正没有新的领域去开拓。
b) Sraffa and
“production by products”
b)皮埃罗,斯拉发的
,用商品生产商品, 理论,
c） Energy valuation of economic
activity
c)经济活动的能量价值,
d） Georgescu Roegen
and,entropy of economic processes”
d)乔治斯库,罗根的
,热力学第二定律和经济过程,
理论
e) Odum and,energy systems”
e)奥达姆的
,能量系统, 理论
f) Costanza and
environmental capital
f)科斯坦策的
环境成本理论
In the world’s leading science
journal,Nature,in 1997,a new
paradigm was introduced to
appreciate the value of natural
resources,
在 1997年，世界居领导地位的科
学杂志, 自然界, 中，介绍了一
个新的增值自然资源价值的范例。
The services of
ecological systems to
the biosphere are worth
$33 trillion per year
h) Material balance
h)物料平衡
i) Faber and,joint
production”
i)纤维与
,合成产品,
3H2 + N2 2NH3
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+6H2O
+”energy”
j) Circular economy
j) 循环经济
2,The poor state of the
scientific toolbox needed
to analyze economic
processes
2,分析经济过程的学术工
具的落后状态
.3,The fallback on
“rational man”
3．,理性人假设,
的后退
4,A fresh look at the
science of simple
economic activity.
4．以新视角看待简单
经济活动
CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
rH= -890kiljoules
why minus
.
14 10 16 16
14+10 16+16
8 electronvolts released from 24 eV of
bond increasing to 32 eV
.
14 10 16 1672 72 72 72 72 72 72 72
14+10 16+16
72+72 + 72+72 72+72 + 72+72
8 electronvolts released from 24 eV of
bond increasing to 32 eV
The ratio increases from 24/288 to 32/288
Matter becomes more,locked up,energy less
“available”
5,A case study in
glass manufacturing
5．玻璃制造案例
.
SiO2 73%
Na2O16%
CaO 5%
K2O 1%
MgO 4%
Al2O3 1%
Glass crystallized structure
Sheet glassHeat
Fuel
Sand,Sand and fuel,produce”
glass for profit.
Sheet glassHeat
Fuel
Sand,Sand and fuel,produce”
glass for profit.
$10
$10
$100
.
SiO2 73%
Na2O16%
CaO 5%
K2O 1%
MgO 4%
Al2O3 1%
Glass crystallized
structure
Heat
Fuel
Sand
oxygen
carbon dioxide
waste
heat
.
SiO2 73%
Na2O16%
CaO 5%
K2O 1%
MgO 4%
Al2O3 1%
Glass crystallized
structure
Heat
Fuel
Sand
oxygen
carbon dioxide
waste
heat
186
410
41
213
600
11
41 11
637 824
Glass production
Entropy of the
“universe” is
increasing
Entropy analysis
J/K/mol
6,In a global economy,the
market is the biosphere.
Extrapolating a microeconomic
case study to the global
macroeconomy.
6,全球经济情况下，市场是一个
生物圈。讲微观经济研究推广到
全球宏观经济研究。
7.Implications and
applications,
7．启示和应用
A surprising view of economic
processes
John Coulter johntsinghua@hotmail.com
成本的学术理论基础：
从一个崭新的视角来看待经济运行过程
壮歌德 博士
It is useful and very tempting to value
MANY THINGS in $
But there are also many problems.
No market,no price.
No price,can’t count it.
Can’t count it,doesn’t count
Eg:
house cleaning,
raising children,loving children
Straw 干草 (estimated 660,000,000
tonnes a year in China,estimated
worth $7,000,000,000 - not counted
in GDP).
The ecological service of the oceans
and global water cycle,
There has been a long history of
discontent with conventional
economics price determination
by market forces,or by
government decree.
人们对由市场力量或者政
府规制决定的传统经济价
格的不满由来已久
There are many attempts to
uncover a,scientific” value of
products and an objective,
universal costing of economic
processes.
一直以来，我们都在不断尝
试搞清产品或客观、世界性
的经济过程成本的某种, 学
术, 价值。
1,Background
a) Ricardo (1817) and,free”
Nature,including water,
virgin land,air and all new
natural resources.
1．背景
a)李嘉图 (1817) 的, 自由, 自然
界，包括水、处女地、空气和所
有新的自然资源,
Quesnay
“circular
flow”
Ricardo
.
Herman Daly,
Chief Economist,
Environment,
World Bank
Through the Industrial Revolution in England,the rest of Europe and then the shift to
the New World (east coast then to the US’s west),new resources were tapped from
colonies and other distant cornucopias.
通过起使于英国，到其他欧洲国家再到
新大陆（东海岸然后到美国西部）的工
业革命，新的资源被从殖民地和其它的
遥远而富饶的地方开发。
This expansion has met its logical contradiction in globalisation,where there are now
no new fields to exploit.
这种膨胀已经遇到了它的逻辑上的矛盾，
在全世界正没有新的领域去开拓。
b) Sraffa and
“production by products”
b)皮埃罗,斯拉发的
,用商品生产商品, 理论,
c） Energy valuation of economic
activity
c)经济活动的能量价值,
d） Georgescu Roegen
and,entropy of economic processes”
d)乔治斯库,罗根的
,热力学第二定律和经济过程,
理论
e) Odum and,energy systems”
e)奥达姆的
,能量系统, 理论
f) Costanza and
environmental capital
f)科斯坦策的
环境成本理论
In the world’s leading science
journal,Nature,in 1997,a new
paradigm was introduced to
appreciate the value of natural
resources,
在 1997年，世界居领导地位的科
学杂志, 自然界, 中，介绍了一
个新的增值自然资源价值的范例。
The services of
ecological systems to
the biosphere are worth
$33 trillion per year
h) Material balance
h)物料平衡
i) Faber and,joint
production”
i)纤维与
,合成产品,
3H2 + N2 2NH3
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+6H2O
+”energy”
j) Circular economy
j) 循环经济
2,The poor state of the
scientific toolbox needed
to analyze economic
processes
2,分析经济过程的学术工
具的落后状态
.3,The fallback on
“rational man”
3．,理性人假设,
的后退
4,A fresh look at the
science of simple
economic activity.
4．以新视角看待简单
经济活动
CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
rH= -890kiljoules
why minus
.
14 10 16 16
14+10 16+16
8 electronvolts released from 24 eV of
bond increasing to 32 eV
.
14 10 16 1672 72 72 72 72 72 72 72
14+10 16+16
72+72 + 72+72 72+72 + 72+72
8 electronvolts released from 24 eV of
bond increasing to 32 eV
The ratio increases from 24/288 to 32/288
Matter becomes more,locked up,energy less
“available”
5,A case study in
glass manufacturing
5．玻璃制造案例
.
SiO2 73%
Na2O16%
CaO 5%
K2O 1%
MgO 4%
Al2O3 1%
Glass crystallized structure
Sheet glassHeat
Fuel
Sand,Sand and fuel,produce”
glass for profit.
Sheet glassHeat
Fuel
Sand,Sand and fuel,produce”
glass for profit.
$10
$10
$100
.
SiO2 73%
Na2O16%
CaO 5%
K2O 1%
MgO 4%
Al2O3 1%
Glass crystallized
structure
Heat
Fuel
Sand
oxygen
carbon dioxide
waste
heat
.
SiO2 73%
Na2O16%
CaO 5%
K2O 1%
MgO 4%
Al2O3 1%
Glass crystallized
structure
Heat
Fuel
Sand
oxygen
carbon dioxide
waste
heat
186
410
41
213
600
11
41 11
637 824
Glass production
Entropy of the
“universe” is
increasing
Entropy analysis
J/K/mol
6,In a global economy,the
market is the biosphere.
Extrapolating a microeconomic
case study to the global
macroeconomy.
6,全球经济情况下，市场是一个
生物圈。讲微观经济研究推广到
全球宏观经济研究。
7.Implications and
applications,
7．启示和应用
