Biological Oxidation
ĸ
Ҫʽ
⡢ʧӡ
ڽֽ
ΪҪָǡ֬͵
ʵڷֽʱͷ
ˮͶ̼Ĺ̡
Ҫͬ
ͬ,1ղͬ,CO2 + H2O
2ܺͬ
3ͬ
ͬ,1ڷӦºͣ
2ͷţֱ
3ʽΪѧܺ
ܣΪܺܡ
4 CO2Ȳ,H2O
⾭ݸɣ
ֱ̼ɡ
һ
ATPϵ
һ
1.1 ĸ
1.2
1.3 ɷֵ˳
1.4 2 Ҫ
лµijɶԭ 2H, ͨ
øøӦ
, ˮ ˹ϸ
й, ʽ˴Ϊ
Respiratory chain, ֳ Ӵ
Electron transfer chain
ֲĤ
1.1 ĸ
Ľṹ
ø
I NADH-ԭø 39 FMN,Fe-S
II -ԭø 4 FAD,Fe-S
III -ϸɫ cԭø 10 ߲,Fe-S
IV ϸɫø 13 ߲,Fe-S
I
II
III IV Q
e- e-
e- e-
e-
O2
FADH2 NADH
Һ
Ĥ
ʲ
λʾͼ
Cyt c1
A I,NADH-ԭø
a,NAD+ø I,Coenzyme I,Co I
NADP +ø II,Coenzyme II,Co II
bصףΪ,FMN Flavoprotein
cף Iron-sulfer protein
dø Q,Coenzyme Q,Co Q
a,NAD+
NAD+ + 2H NADH+H+
ܣΪøĸøܴлµ
2H䴫ݸ I
NADP+
NADP+ + 2H NADPH+H+
b,ص
,FMNصᣩ
, NADHӺ͵Ӳ䴫ݸ Co Q
c,
iron-sulfer cluster,Fe-S
, FMNH2ĵӴݸ Co Q
Fe 2+ Fe 3+ +e
ķӽṹ
dø Q
Co Q + 2H Co QH2
ܣ 2eݸ IIIĴݹ
Ϊݵӡ
B II -ԭø
aصףΪ,FAD
b
cϸɫ b560
ܣ 2Hᴫݸ Co Q
1,ϸһӴݵ
ø࣬Ϊʺɫϸɫء
2,a,b,c ༰
3,߲
4,ݵ
Fe 2+ Fe 3+ +e
ϸɫ Cytochrome,Cyt
N
N N
N
Fe3+
H3C-
-CH3
-CH=CH2
CH3
CH2
CH2
COO-
CH2
CH2
COO-
ϸ
ɫ
b
H3C-
H2C=CH
ϸɫ bķӽṹ
N
N N
N
Fe3+
CH3
CH2-(CH2-CH=C-CH2)3-H
HO-CH
H3C-
-CH3
-CH=CH2
O
HC-
CH3
CH2
CH2
COO-
CH2
CH2
COO-
ϸ
ɫ
a
N
N N
N
Fe3+
H3C-
-CH3
-CH-CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
COO-
CH2
CH2
COO-
ϸ
ɫ
c
H3C-
Cys
S
H3C-CH Cys S
C III - Cyt cԭø
A,Cyt b562
B,Cyt b566
C
D,Cyt C1
ܣ 2e Co Qݸ Cyt C
D IV,Cyt c ø
A,Cyt a
B,Cyt a3
ֳΪ Cyt aa3
Cu + Cu 2+ +e
ܣ 2e Cyt Cݸ
Ӵ
ϵͳò
NADH
FADH2
NADH FMN Q10 Cytb Cytc1 Cytc aa3
(Fe-S) (Fe-S)
O2
FAD.H2
(Fe-S)
Ӵݵ˳
II
I III
IV
NADH
FADH2
˳
һ,ɲõıԭλ ?E0㡣
,Cyt,FMN FAD NAD+
̬ͻԭ̬չı仯
ӴƼӦúݵ
ԭ״̬ϲλǰݴԭ״
̬
ġݾĵӴݵı
ԭλ
뷴Ӧ ?E0(V)
2H+ + 2e H2 - 0.41
NAD+ + 2H + 2e NADH + H+ - 0.32
FMN + 2H + 2e FMN.H2 - 0.30
FAD + 2H + 2e FAD.H2 - 0.06
Q10 + 2H + 2e Q10 (ԭ ) 0,04( 0.10)
Cyt b (Fe3+) + e Cyt b (F 2 +) 0.07
Cyt c (Fe3+) + e Cyt c (F 2 +) 0.22
Cyt a (Fe3+) + e Cyt a (F 2 +) 0.29
Cyt a3 (Fe3+) + e Cyt a3 (F 2 +) 0.55
1/2O2 + 2H + 2e H2 0.82
1,NADH,
ͪ
- ͪ
F A D 2e
ƻ
Ȱ NAD
+
[ FM N (Fe - S)] C oQ b(Fe - S) c
1
c aa
3
- Ƕ 2 H 1/2O
2
- ֬ Co A
2H
+
H
2
O
2,,
-
[ F AD (F P )]
֬ CoA
F A D
(F e - S) CoQ b(F e - S) c
1
c aa
3
1/ 2O
2
Cy tb
ữ
Oxidative Phosphorylation
2.1 ,
2.2 żλ,
2.3 ż,
2.1 ,
лµ 2Hں
Ӵݹż ADPữ
ATPĹ̳Ϊữ
ATPҪʽ֮һ
2.2 żλ,
ָʱÿ 1mol
ԭĵĦ
ADPĦ
A,P/Oֵ,
ͬʱ P/Oֵ,
FAD 2
NADH FMN Co Q Cyt c Cytaa3 O2
-Ƕ Ѫ Cyt cԭͣ
3 1 1
NADH Co Q CoQ
Cyt c Cyt aa3ܱ仯
Ϊ,69.5,40.5,102.3 kJ/mol,
ATP 30.5kJ/mol
B,ܱ仯,
2.3 ż,
Aѧ˵
chemiosmotic hypothesis
20 60, Peter Mitchell
1978ŵѧ
ѧ
˵
ʾ
ͼ
aӾʱͷŵ
ӣ H+Ĥʲõ
Ĥࡣ
ѧ˵ĻҪ
bĤγӵ绯ѧ
ȣ
c˳ݶȾ ATPø F0ֻ
ʱ,F1 ADPữΪ ATP
B,ATPø ATP synthase
--- V
b F0֣ǶĤͨ
F1֣ 33æĦǻ
H+˳ŨݶȾ F0ֻʱ,
F1ǻ ADP Piϳ ATP
aλĤʲĿ״ͻ
ͨ
Һ
ͷ
A
T
P
ø
ģ
ʽ
ͼ
?ǻ
?ǻ
?ǻ
?ǻ
?ǻ
IF1(inhibitor of F1)
OSCP
ż 6 F6
aǻ
bǻ
cǻ
? 3? 3? ? ?
ab2cn
F1
F0 Ĥ
ATPø
ṹģʽͼ
ATPøĹ
øе
Oligomycin-sensitivity-conferring protein,OSCP
λ ATPø F0 F1֮ı
F0 F1,OSCPʱ,F1
Թøжƣʹ ATPø
ܴ ATPĺϳɡ
Ӱữ
3.1 Ƽ
3.2 ADPĵ
3.3 ״
3.4 DNAͻ
ͪ ø A CO
۵ù ϻ CN
ͱ N3
H2S
NADH FMN CoQ cytb cytc cytaa3 O2
Fe-S
A,Ƽ,
ϺijλӴ
3.1 Ƽ,
B,ż
ʹĤ H+ ATP
ø F0ͨ, Ӷʹ
ữż
dinitrophenol,DNP
ż uncoupling protein
ȱɵ, Ӳ,
C,ữƼ
ϺĵӴ,
Ӱ ADPữΪ ATP ù
oligomycin
respiratory control ratio,RCR
йʱ ADP
ĺеʱĺ֮
ȳΪʡΪ۲ữ
ż̶Ƚеָꡣ
3.2 ADPĵ
ADP/ATP ữ TAC
״ ϸĤ Na+,K+ - ATPø
ATPˮ ADP/ATP ữ
TAC
״ żϳ
3.3 ״
״ٹܿл
˷
,
CO2
H2O
ATP
Ӫʷֽ
B,ص,
a Ӱữ
b ܽ϶֯ȳֹϰ
c ĸϵŴӶ
d , ͻ
A,ԭ,
a ¶, ȱʱ
b ȱϵͳ
3.4 DNA(mtDNA)ͻ
,ATP
4.1 ܼ,
,
ܻ,
ữ,
ܼܻ
ữ,
ﻯѧ,ữˮʱͳ
>20KJ/molߣΪ
energy-rich phosphate bond) ? Pʾ
,
ɣ CoA֬ CoA
CoAȣˮʱ ?Go?=-34.3 KJ/mol
ͨ ʽ ?G0 kj/mol
O O
ATP,GTP
O - P - O ? P - O - -30.5
ADP,UTP
O O -
ϩ CH2 O
ϩ
R - C - O ? P - O - ͱͪ -61.9
O -
ᣩ O O
1,3-
R - C - O ? P - O- -61.9
O-
NH O
R - C - N ? P - O- ἡ -43.9
H O-
O
N
N
N
N
NH2
-H H-
OH
H H
O O
-P-O-P-O-H2C
- O - O
CH3
CO-CH-C-CH2O
OH CH3
CH2-NH-
CH2
CO
NH
CH2
CH2
S~
ø A SH-CoA)
O
- O-P-O-
- O
?-ϻҰ
CH3
C=O
O
N
N
N
N
NH2
-H H-
OH
H
O
- O-P ~ O
- O
O O
-P ~ O-P-O-CH2
- O - O
OH
? ? ?
ATP
4.2 ATPĽṹ,
4.3 ATPɺ,
ATPϸ Яߺʹ
4.4 ATPĹ,
A,ṩʴлҪ
B,ṩҪ
C,ᣬл
ATP+UDP ADP+UTPԭϳɣ
ATP+CDP ADP+CTP֬ϳɣ
ATP+GDP ADP+GTPʺϳɣ
D,ϳܻ
ἡ Creatine phosphate,CP
ἡ
ἡǼʹһʽ
塢ͨĤת
5.1 Һ NADH
5.2
5.3 嵰ʵĿĤת
A,-ʹ
- glycerophosphate shuttle
B,ƻ -춬ᴩ
malate-asparate shuttle
5.1 Һ NADH
A,-ʹ
- glycerophosphate shuttle
a λ,
b ,
c ,2 ATP
CH2OH
C=O
CH2O- P
DZͪ
CH2OH
CHOH
CH2O- P
?-
NADH+H+
NAD+
QH2
Q
1/2O2
H2O
2~P
FAD
Fe-S
Ĥ
Һ
ʹʾͼ
?-
ø
a λ, ļ
b ,
c ,3 ATP
B,ƻ -춬ᴩ
malate-asparate shuttle
Glu/Asp
Ȱ
Ȱ
춬
a ͪ
NAD+
NADH
+H+
NADH
+H+
NAD+
1/2O2
3~P
H2O
ƻ ƻ ƻ ƻ
ƻ 춬ᴩ
a ͪ
춬
Һ Ĥ
H2PO4-
H+
ADP3+
ATP4+
H2O
H2PO4-
H+
ADP3+
ATP4+
Һ Ĥ
5.2
------ֳ ADP-ATP壨תλ
ø
ATP,ADP,Pi ת
5.3 嵰ʵĿĤת
DNA嵰ǰ
۵ø ܲ뵰 ½
壬 ӹø £ɳ쵰
ס
ڶ
ϵ
? 塢øҲ
ij
? вżữ,
ATP
һøø
1.1 ø
к CuӣΪ壬
Ϊ H2O磺ϸɫ cø
1.2 ø
Ϊ FMN FADΪ壬
Ϊ H2O2
øøҪ
ø
ø FMN H2O2 D-ø FAD
FAD L-ø FMN
ȩø FADΣ
ø Cu2+ H2O ϸɫ c ø
Ѫø
Ӱø
øû
, øеø
2.1 ø catalase
ֳƴø, ΪѪ, ,
2H2O2 2H2O + O2
2.2 ø perioxidase
ΪѪ, ,
R+ H2O2 RO+ H2O
RH2+ H2O2 R+2H2O
绯ø
superoxide dismutase,SOD
3.1 ,
2O2+ 2H SOD H2O2+ O2
ɵ H2O2ø
øԭ H2O
H2O2 2-SH NADP+
ROOH
H2O G-S-S-G NADPH+H +
ROH+ H2O
Ĺø
2H2O2 2H2O + O2 øã
3.2 ,
ϸ,
Һ,Cu2+ Zn2+,CuZn-SOD
,Mn2+,Mn-SOD
3.3 ,
ڡгӵ
ġеø
4.1 ӵø monooxygenase
Ϲø mixed-function oxidase
ǻø hydroxylase
A,ãһԭӼӵ
ǻ ǻ
RH+NADPH+H++O2 ROH+NADP++H2O
B,û,
C,壺̴ء֭ᡢ
ɫصԼҩ, ת
4.2 ˫ø dioxygenase
2ԭӼӵд˫ 2
̼ԭϡ
End of Chapter 7