威胁生命的室性心律失常治疗的
循 证 基 础
A satellite sympsoium.
XXth Congress of the ESC,Vienna,Aug.1998
室性心律失常
v 二级预防 (Secondary Prevention)
已有威胁生命的室性心律失常史
v 一级预防 ( Primary Prevention)
有危险因素但尚未有快速室性心律失常发作
Trials Therapy Study Size All-cause mortality Population
(F-U duration)
CASCADE
Wever
et al
AVID
CASH
CIDS
Empirical amiodarone vs
guided conventional
antiarrhythmic therapy
Implantable defibrillator
as first choice
Implantable defibrillator
vs class III drugs
(mainly amiodarone)
Groups:implantable
defibrillator,amiodarone,
metoprolol,Propafenone
Implantable defibrillator
vs amiodarone
n=202
(6 years)
n=60
(24 months)
n=1016
(18.2 months)
n=346
(2 years)
n=659
(3 years)
Including resuscitated VF and
syncopal defibrillator shocks 47%
vs 60% (guided therapy) P=0.007
Including sudden circulatory
arrest and terminal pump failure
14% vs 35% (control) p=0.02
15.8% vs 24.0%
(drugs)
P<0.02
Propafenone limb interrupted due
to excess mortality 12.1% vs
19.6% (drug limb) p=0.047
25% vs 30%
(amiodarone)
p=0.072
Cardiac arrest
survivors
Cardiac arrest
survivors
Patients resuscitated
from cardiac arrest or
poorly tolerated VT
Cardiac arrest
survivors
Cardiac arrest
survivors and patients
with poorly tolerated
VT
表 I 抗心律失常治疗对猝死二级预防的研究汇总
结 论, 目 前 支 持 用 ICDs 进 行 二 级 预 防,ICDs 已 成 为 心 脏 猝 死 病
人 复 苏 后 首 选 的 预 防 措 施
v 无威胁生命快速室性心律失常发作史
v 心肌梗塞后
v 心力衰竭,EF↓↓
v 频发室早伴晚电位阳性,HRV↓
v 电生理诱发 +
一级预防以药物为主,ICD?
一级预防研究的主要对象
Trials Therapy Study Size (F-U duration) All-cause mortality Population
CAST I
CAST II
SWORD
EMIAT
CAMIAT
GESICA
STAT-CHF
MADIT
CABG
Patch trial
n=1455 (300 days)
n=1325 (18 months)
n=3121 (18 months)
n=1486 (21 months)
n=1202 (1.79 years)
n=516 (24 months)
n=674 (45 months)
n=196 (27 months)
n=900 (32 months)
Post-MI lowered
LVEF complex VEA
Post-MI LVEF≤ 40%
Post-MI LVEF≤ 40%
Post-MI LVEF≤ 40%
Post-MI complex VEA
CHF LVEF ≤ 35%
CHF10 VPCs/hour
Post-MI LVEF ≤ 35%
NSVT Inducible,non-
suppressible VT
Coronary bypass
surgery patients LVEF
≤ 35% Abnormal SA-
ECG
Encainide/
Flecainide
Moricizine
d-Sotalol
Amiodarone
Amiodarone
Amiodarone
Amiodarone
Implantable
defibrillator
Implantable
defibrillator
7.7% vs 3.0% (PL) p<0.001
Early SD,17 vs 3 (PL) p<0.02
5.0% vs 3.1% (PL) p<0.01
13.9% vs 13.7% (PL) p=NS
6.2% vs 8.3% (PL) p=NS
33.5% vs 41.4% (control) p<0.3
39% vs 42% (PL) p=NS
15% vs 38% (control) p=0.009
22.6% vs 20.9% (control) p=NS
表 II 抗心律失常治疗对猝死一级预防的研究汇总
一级预防以药物为主,ICD?
胺碘酮适宜于一级预防
v 广泛电生理作用
v 有效的抗心律失常作用
v 良好的血液动力学作用
v 最低的致心律失常作用
ATMA 胺碘酮研究荟萃分析
Effect of prophylactic amiodarone on mortality after
acute mycardial infarction and in congestive heart failure,
meta-analysis of individual data from 6500 patients in
randomised trials
Amiodarone Trials Meta-Analysis Investigators
<<THE LANCET>>
Vol.350 No,9089 Nov,1997
ATMA13个研究的结果综述
总死亡率研究 (索引 )
EMIAT(8)
CAMIAT(7)
GEMICA(9)
PAT(10)
SSSD(11)
BASIS(12)
HOCKINGS(13)
CAMIAT-P(14)
CHFSTAT(15)
GESICA(16)
EPAMSA(17)
NICKLAS(18)
HAMER(19)
总括
相关性检验 P=0.030
异源性检验 P=0.058
比数比
1/8 1/4 1/2 1 2 4 8
0.87(95% Cl 0.78~0.99)
ATMA13个研究的结果综述
心律失常 /猝死
研究 (索引 )
EMIAT(8)
CAMIAT(7)
GEMICA(9)
PAT(10)
SSSD(11)
BASIS(12)
HOCKINGS(13)
CAMIAT-P(14)
CHFSTAT(15)
GESICA(16)
EPAMSA(17)
NICKLAS(18)
HAMER(19)
总括
相关性检验 P=0.00026
异源性检验 P=0.24
比数比
1/8 1/4 1/2 1 2 4 8
0.71(95% Cl 0.59~0.85)
ATMA死亡的积累风险
0 3 6 12 18 24
随机分组时间 (月 )
心律失常 /猝死
总死亡率胺碘酮对照
累积风险
(%)
25
20
15
10
5
0
ATMA不良反应
导致早期永久性停药的主要不良反应
Amiodarone(%) Placebo(%) OR
甲减 181/2580(7.0) 27/2545(1.1) 7.3
甲亢 37/2580(1.4) 13/2545(1.1) 2.5
周围神经病 12/2580(0.5) 4/2545(1.1) 2.8
肺浸润 42/2580(1.6) 12/2545(1.1) 3.1
心动过缓 44/2580(2.4) 19/2545(1.1) 2.6
肝功能 26/2580(1.0) 9/2545(1.1) 2.7
ATMA 结论
对新近有心肌梗塞或心力衰竭的患者预防性应
用胺碘酮可减少其心律失常 /猝死的发生率,并最
终减少 13% 的总死亡率 !