Anatomy of female
reproductive system
Zhao Aimin
Bony pelvis
Sacrum(骶骨）
Coccyx（ 尾骨）
Coxae（ 髋骨）
?Ilium（ 髂骨）
?Ischium（ 坐
骨）
?Pubis（ 耻骨 ）
Pelvis
Falase pelvis
(major)
True pelvis
(minor)
To surport the pregnancy
Bounded by lumbar
vertebrae posteriorly,
iliac fossa bilaterally
abdominal wall anteriorly
Sacrum and coccyx
posteriorly
Ischium and pubis
bilaterally
and anteriorly
The pelvis plane
Four planes
?The pelvic inlet,the greatest
?The midplane:the least
?The pelvic outlet(two planes)
Pelvic inlet
?Posteriorly by promontory of
sacrum
?Bilaterally by linea of iliac-pubis
?Anteriorly by superior surface of
pubis
midplane
?Anteriorly by the lower border of
pubis
?Bilaterally by ischial spines
is very important clinically
because arrest of fetal descent occurs
most frequently
outlet
Irregular
Consisting of two triangles
It is bounded by
? Posteriorly,the tip of sacrum
? Laterally, ischial tuberosities
sacrotuberous ligaments
? Anteriorly:the lower border of pubis symphysis
Type of female pelvis
? Gyecoid type
52-58.9%
? Platypelloid type
23.2-29%
? Anthropoid type
14.2-18%
? Android type
1-3.7%
External genital organs
?mons pubis,fatty
tissue
?labia majora
?labia minora
which lie inside
the labia majora
?clitoris,is located
anterior to the
labia minora
Vestibule(前庭）
?Lies between the labia minora
?Is bounded
Anteriorly by clitoris
Posteriorly by perineum
?Urethra and vaginal orifice open to the
midline of the vestibule
?Bartholin’s glands also empty into the
vestibule
Internal genital organs
Vagina(阴道）
?an organ for coitus
?a drainage of menstrual flow
?a passage for childbirth
?posterior wall 10cm,anterior wall 7.5cm
? Fornix, the
area arounded
the cervix
(anterior,posterior,l
ateral)
? the posterior
fornix is
important pouch
which allows
access to the
peritoneal cavity
from vagina
?The vagial wall is consisted of
Mucouse membrance,is lined by
squamous
?Beneath this is a submucosal layer of
connective tissue which contains a rich of
veins and lymphatics
?The muscular wall has three layers of
smooth muscle,
Uterus(子宫）
?Lies between rectum and bladder
?Volume,7*5*3cm
?Weight,50g
?Divided into two portions by isthmus
The body
? Cornu:where the fallopians enter
? Fundus:the part of the body above the cornu
The uterus is surported by
the following ligaments
?Round ligament
?Broad ligament
?Cardinal ligament
?Utero-sacral ligament
Histology of uterus
?There are three layers of the body
?The inner is endometrium which is
consisted of the simple columnar
epithelium
?Beneath the mucosa is the muscular
layer,covered by peritoneal serosa
Fallopian tubes
Length,8-14cm
The tube is divided four portions
? Interstitial,
? isthmun
? Ampulla:the centre portion
? Infundibulum:surround the ovary and help to
collect the oocyte at the time of ovulation
The innner layer is covered by
ciliate columnar epitheliun
The cilia beat toward the uterus
assisting in oocyte transport
ovaries
?Be located on either side of the uterus
?Volume:4*3*1cm
?Weight:5-6g
?be almond-shaped
?Is divided two portion,
cortex(outer portion),contains amount of
follicles
medulla(central portion),blood vessels,
nerve fibres,
lymphatics
Arterial system
?Ovarian
artery,from
abdominal aorta
(left may be from
kedney artery
?Uterine artery
?Vaginal artery
?Internal
pudendal artery
from internal
iliac artery
Arterial system
? Ovarian arteries,from abdominal aorta
? (left may be from kedney
artery
? Uterine
reproductive system
Zhao Aimin
Bony pelvis
Sacrum(骶骨）
Coccyx（ 尾骨）
Coxae（ 髋骨）
?Ilium（ 髂骨）
?Ischium（ 坐
骨）
?Pubis（ 耻骨 ）
Pelvis
Falase pelvis
(major)
True pelvis
(minor)
To surport the pregnancy
Bounded by lumbar
vertebrae posteriorly,
iliac fossa bilaterally
abdominal wall anteriorly
Sacrum and coccyx
posteriorly
Ischium and pubis
bilaterally
and anteriorly
The pelvis plane
Four planes
?The pelvic inlet,the greatest
?The midplane:the least
?The pelvic outlet(two planes)
Pelvic inlet
?Posteriorly by promontory of
sacrum
?Bilaterally by linea of iliac-pubis
?Anteriorly by superior surface of
pubis
midplane
?Anteriorly by the lower border of
pubis
?Bilaterally by ischial spines
is very important clinically
because arrest of fetal descent occurs
most frequently
outlet
Irregular
Consisting of two triangles
It is bounded by
? Posteriorly,the tip of sacrum
? Laterally, ischial tuberosities
sacrotuberous ligaments
? Anteriorly:the lower border of pubis symphysis
Type of female pelvis
? Gyecoid type
52-58.9%
? Platypelloid type
23.2-29%
? Anthropoid type
14.2-18%
? Android type
1-3.7%
External genital organs
?mons pubis,fatty
tissue
?labia majora
?labia minora
which lie inside
the labia majora
?clitoris,is located
anterior to the
labia minora
Vestibule(前庭）
?Lies between the labia minora
?Is bounded
Anteriorly by clitoris
Posteriorly by perineum
?Urethra and vaginal orifice open to the
midline of the vestibule
?Bartholin’s glands also empty into the
vestibule
Internal genital organs
Vagina(阴道）
?an organ for coitus
?a drainage of menstrual flow
?a passage for childbirth
?posterior wall 10cm,anterior wall 7.5cm
? Fornix, the
area arounded
the cervix
(anterior,posterior,l
ateral)
? the posterior
fornix is
important pouch
which allows
access to the
peritoneal cavity
from vagina
?The vagial wall is consisted of
Mucouse membrance,is lined by
squamous
?Beneath this is a submucosal layer of
connective tissue which contains a rich of
veins and lymphatics
?The muscular wall has three layers of
smooth muscle,
Uterus(子宫）
?Lies between rectum and bladder
?Volume,7*5*3cm
?Weight,50g
?Divided into two portions by isthmus
The body
? Cornu:where the fallopians enter
? Fundus:the part of the body above the cornu
The uterus is surported by
the following ligaments
?Round ligament
?Broad ligament
?Cardinal ligament
?Utero-sacral ligament
Histology of uterus
?There are three layers of the body
?The inner is endometrium which is
consisted of the simple columnar
epithelium
?Beneath the mucosa is the muscular
layer,covered by peritoneal serosa
Fallopian tubes
Length,8-14cm
The tube is divided four portions
? Interstitial,
? isthmun
? Ampulla:the centre portion
? Infundibulum:surround the ovary and help to
collect the oocyte at the time of ovulation
The innner layer is covered by
ciliate columnar epitheliun
The cilia beat toward the uterus
assisting in oocyte transport
ovaries
?Be located on either side of the uterus
?Volume:4*3*1cm
?Weight:5-6g
?be almond-shaped
?Is divided two portion,
cortex(outer portion),contains amount of
follicles
medulla(central portion),blood vessels,
nerve fibres,
lymphatics
Arterial system
?Ovarian
artery,from
abdominal aorta
(left may be from
kedney artery
?Uterine artery
?Vaginal artery
?Internal
pudendal artery
from internal
iliac artery
Arterial system
? Ovarian arteries,from abdominal aorta
? (left may be from kedney
artery
? Uterine
