Unit Eight
Text B
The Finger of Suspicion
Unit Eight Text B
I,Pre-reading Task
II,Related Information
III,Detailed Study
IV,Outline& Summary
V,Home Assignment
I,Pre-reading Task,
1,What is the role of the fingerprints in criminal charges?
2,What is the problem of the fingerprints presented here?
Back
II,Related Information,(1) fingerprinting
II,Related Information, (2) Scotland Yard
Scotland Yard,the London Metropolitan Police,
including the famous Criminal Investigation department
(CID),The headquarters was moved in 1890 and again in
1967 and is now called New Scotland yard,It maintains
criminal records for the entire United Kingdom and has a
special branch that guards visiting dignitaries,I t also
maintains links with Interpol and assists in the training of
police personnel in Commonwealth countries,Its
fingerprint division was the prototype of similar systems
used by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation and by
many other modern police forces,
III,Detailed Study,
I,Word Study
1,suspicion n,the act or the state of being suspected 怀
疑 [同 ]doubt
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词,suspicious adj,易于引起怀疑
的, 可疑的,suspiciously adv,
2,fingerprint n,复合词 finger- print
3.charge v,to accuse ; to ask as a price (for); ask in
payment指控, 控告 ;收 （ 费 ）, 要 （ 价 ）
n,accusation指控, 控告
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词,chargeable adj.- 可能被控诉
的 ;charger n,控 诉者
近形词,change n./u,变化,改变 ;changeable adj,可改
变的 ;changely adj..可改变地
[常用短语 ] to charge sb.with(sth.) 指控某人 ( 犯某事 );
take charge负责,看管
in charge of 负责,管理
in the charge of 受管理
4,inquiry n,[同 ] investigation esp,an official one 询问,
调查
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词, inquire v,询问,调查 ; inquiring
adj,好询问的 inquiringly adv,探询地
近形词,inquest n,审讯,调查
[常用短语 ] make inquiries of sb.about sth,向某人询问
某事
5,investigation n,[同 ] inquiry
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词,investigate v,询问 ; 调查,
investigative,调查的, 爱调查研究的 investigation,n,
调查 investigator调查者
6,legal adj,of or based on law,permitted by law
[反 ] illegal
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词,legal adj.:legally adv,合法
地 ;legalese n.,法律 术 语 ;legalism n,墨守法规,条文主
义 ;legalist n,墨守法规者,条文主义者,法律学家
7,transfer v,to move from one place to another同 源派
生词, transferable adj.可转移的； transference n, 转移,
调动
近形词,transform v 转变, 改造； transformable adj.可
转变的, 可改造的 transformation n,转变, 改造
[常用短语 ] transfer from … to 从 …… 转到 ……,
transfer into 把 …… 变为 ……
8,establish v,to set up,to begin建立,创办,确立,使确
认
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词,establishment n.建立,确
立 ;established adj.已确立的,基础牢固的
9,deposit v to lay or put down同源派生词,deposit 存
放,寄存物 ; depositor
n,存放者,储户 ;deposition n,沉淀 (物 )
[常用短语 ] deposit sth.with sb,把某物存放在某人处
10.detect v[.同 ] discover
[记忆技巧 ]方向 同源派生词,detectable adj,可察觉的,
易发现的 ; detective adj.侦察的,探测的,n.侦探
detection n.,察觉,侦查 ;detector n,察觉者,探测器
[常用短语 ] detect sb.in (doing)sth,察觉某人在做不正
当的事
II,Text-related information
Scotland Yard,the London Metropolitan Police,
including the famous Criminal Investigation department
(CID),The headquarters was moved in 1890 and again in
1967 and is now called New Scotland yard,It maintains
criminal records for the entire United Kingdom and has a
special branch that guards visiting dignitaries,I t also
maintains links with Interpol and assists in the training of
police personnel in Commonwealth countries,Its
fingerprint division was the prototype of similar systems
used by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation and by
many other modern police focus,
III,Introductory Remarks
As we know,fingerprinting is one of the earlist forms of
scientific evidence to be recognized by courts of law,
and fingerprint records can be used for identification,
despite changes in an individual’s appearance or age,
But now more and more controversies have emerged in
the scietific community over the use of fingerprinting in
criminal investigations,A growing number of
defendants have called into question the fingerprinting
method used to prove guilt rather than just establish
innocence,In particular,they are arguing for the
possibility that their, prints” have been,lifted” and
planted at scenes of crimes,Is it possible?
What will be the final say of the committee of criminal
lawyers and what will be the result of the investigation
ordered by justice? The passage will tell you something
about the issue,
IV,Notes to the Text
1,Fingerprints,one of the great deciders of innocence
or guilt in criminal charges,are now in the dock
themselves,
作为在刑事诉讼案中判定无罪与否的重要证据之一
的指纹,现在它本身也被送上了审判台 。
1) [辨 ] mocence 和 guilt,这两个名词均属不可数名
词,无复数形式
a) innocence 意为, 无罪；天真,,guilt 意为, 犯罪,
有罪,
e.g.The accused man proved his innocence of the crime,
被告证明自己无罪 。,
She has not lost her innocence,她还没有失去天真 。
b) guilt 意为, 犯罪,有罪,
e.g,She has not lost her innocence,
她还没有失去天真 。
The guilt of the accused man was in doubt,
被告之罪有疑问 。
2).,charge
n,
a) 控告,指控
e.g.The judge quashed the charges against the prisoner
and set him free,
法官宣布对犯人的控告无效并将他释放 。
b)主管,看管
e.g.He will take charge during my absence,
我不在 时将由他负责 。
v,
a) 控告,指控,把 …… 归咎于
e.g.;The coach charged the loss of the game to the team's
disobeying his orders,
教练把比赛失败归咎于队员们不服从他的命令 。
b) 要价,收费
e.g,Doctors and lawyers charge a fee for their service,
医生和律师提供服务是要收费的 。
3) [辨 ].accuse(v..) 和 charge(v.)
accuse 意为, 指责,指控, 多指直接指责或指控某
人犯有某种罪或过错,但不一定很严重,也不一定揭发 。
其句型为, accuse sb.of sth.”。
charge 意为, 指控,控告,斥责,,正式法律用语,通
常指向法院控告某人犯
严重违法行为或过失 。 其句型为, charge sb.with
sth.” 。
e.g,She accused him of turning the radio up,
她指责他把收音机开大了 。
He was charged with murder,
他被指控犯谋杀罪 。
3) in / on the dock受到谴责, 处于被动局面
e.g,Eighteen members of the Ku Klux Klan were in / on
the dock in a trial that had drawn national attention,
18名三 K党党员在一次引起全国注意的审判中受审 。
The United States was obviously relievd to find the
Russians in the dock once again.看到俄国人又一次受到
非难,美国显然感到宽慰 。
4) in doubt 不能肯定的,不确定的
If you are in doubt,take the advice of an expert-
如果你有怀疑,就去请教专家 。
The outcome of the match was in doubt then,
当时比赛的结果还看不见 。
2,This is because of a growing number of claims from
defendants that their,prints” have been,lifed” and
planted at scenes of crimes,---- The reason for this is
that more and more defendants declared that their
fingerprints have been taken and moved to criminal sites,
因为,越来越多的被告声称他们的, 指纹, 已被, 提
取, 并移植到犯罪现场 。
3,And these allegation are being taken setiously by
lawyers,judges a policemen because it is possible to
move a fingerprint from one spot and place it
elsewhere,
而且,这些指控正受到律师, 法官和警察的重视,因为
把指纹从一个地方提取后转移到另一个地方是可能的 。
1) take sth.seriously 认真对待某事
e.g.They could not take such small things seriously,
他们不必对这么小的事情小题大作 。
2) it is possible to move,..中的, it,为原因状语从句中
的形式主语,不定式短语作真正主语 。
4,With one of the cornerstones of evidence now being
placed in doubt a committee of criminal lawyers is
carrying out an inquiry into fingerprinting,(原因 状
语 )
鉴 于作为重要证据之一的指纹已受到怀疑,由刑事律
师组成的委员会正在对指纹进行调查 。
1) With one of,..being placed in doubt 是, with+ 复
合结构, 的用法 。 该结构在本句中表示原因 。
2） evidence 在此为不可数名词,无复数形式,意为
,证据, 。 若表示, 痕迹, 时,则要用复数形式 。
e.g,There wasn’t enough evidence to prove him guilty,
没有充分的证据证明他有罪 。
There were evidences of glacial action on the rocks,
这些岩石上有冰河留下的痕迹 。
3) in doubt 不能肯定的,不确定的
e.g,If you are in doubt,take the advice of an expert-
如果你有怀疑,就去请教专家 。
The outcome of the match was in doubt then,
当时比赛的结果还看不准 。
4）,.,is carrying out an inquiry into ----,..is making
an investigation into…
正在对 …… 进行调查 。
e.g,They are carrying an inquiry into a case
他们正在 对一桩案子进行调查
5） carry out 执行, 进行, 实现
e.g,The computer carries out all its work on the machine
words by following a long list of instructions,called a
program,
计算机的全部工作是按照一张长长的称之为程序的指
令表形式的计算机语言来进行的 。
The manager said that he hoped we should carry out his
advice,
经理说他希望我们能按他的意见办 。
6) [辨 ] doubt (v.) 和 suspect (v..)
doubt 意为, 怀疑,不相信,拿不 准, 指缺乏自信,通
常带有否定的意味 。 在否定句和疑问句中,其后不能
接 whether 或 if 引导的从句 。
suspect 意为, 可疑,疑心,,指无证据的怀疑,有猜
想的含义 。 不可接 whether 或 if 引导的从句 。
e.g,I doubt whether he will succeed,我怀疑他是否会成
功 。
I suspect that he is a cheater,我猜他是个骗子 。
5．,.,and a report is due early next year,
预定明年初提交一份调查报告 。
due 在句中为形容词,意为, 预期的,到期的, 。
e.g.Your report is due tomorrow,
你的报告应于明天交来 。
I want to renew a book that's due today,
我想续借今天到期的一本书。
6.We are not aiming to establish if these allegations
are true or not,but we are questioning current finger
printing methods as part of general investigation into
scientific evidence,
我们的目的不是判断这些指控的真伪,而是对现行的
指纹检验法进行调查,这种方法是进行一般性调查时
作为取得科学证据而使用的 。
1) aim(v.) 表示, 目的在于,旨在, 时,美国人用 aim
to do,英国人则用 aim at doing 。 也可用 aim at/for sth,
表示 。
e.g,We must aim at increasing / to increase exports
我们要力求增加出口货物 。
We should aim for the best results,
我们应力争获得最好的效果 。
2) not-..but-..,不是而是 …… 。
e.g,He is not handsome but ugly,他并非英俊而是丑陋 。
It is not that I disliked the food but that I was full,
不是我不喜欢这些食物,而是我饱了 。
3) establish v,to find out or make certain of
1) to set up,fond 建立,创办
e.g,Our hospital was established in 1956
我们的医院是在 1956年创办的 。
2) to cause sb,to accept( abelief,claim,custom,etc.) 确 /
立,使确认
e.g,The usage is now firmly established,这个用法现已
得到确认 。
Newton conclusively established the law of gravity,
牛顿确定了万有引力定律 。
3) to settle/ place使定居
e.g,We are now comfortably established in our new house,
我们现已舒舒服服地在新居里安顿下来了 。
7,It can then be deposited on another,perhaps
incriminating object,
然后置于另一物品上,或许就是作案工具上 。
deposit
1) 放,存放
e.g,Some insects deposit their eggs in the ground
有些昆虫产卵于土中 。
2) 储蓄
He always deposits half of his salary in the bank,
他总是将一半薪金存入银行 。
3) 沉积
The river deposited silt at its mouth,
河口沉积了淤泥 。
8,Accusations about,planted prints” were first put
up at an Old Bailey IRA bomb trial nine years
age--Without success,
9 年前,伦敦中央刑事法庭对爱尔兰共和军炸弹案进行
审讯时首次提出了有关, 指纹移植, 的指控,但没有
成功 。
put up 在此意为, 提出, 。 表示此义时,常用, put
forward”。
e.g,I’ll see that your suggestion is put up at the next
meeting,
我一定设法让你的建议在下次会议上提出来 。
Are you serious in putting forward such a view?
你提出那样的观点是当真的吗?
9,Fingerprints at the scene of a crime used to be
dusted down with fine powder,photographed for
identification purpose,the pictures and the objects
carrying the prints were produced in court,
---- In the past fingerprints at the criminal site were
usually first covered with fine powder,which was then
quickly wiped off,so that they were enough to be
pictured with an aim to make out the suspects; finally
both the photos and the objects with fingerprints on them
were shown in court,
过去总是用细微粉末撒在犯罪现场的指纹上面 。 然后
拍下照片以供鉴别 ; 再把照片和带有指纹的物品同时
在法庭上出示 。
1) [辨 ] used to 和 be used to
used to 后接不定式,表示, 过去经常性的动作或存在
的状态,,强调现在同过去的对,含有过去常常怎么样,
现在不这样了的意味 。
be used to 后接名词或动名词,表示, 习惯于, 含有
经常做某事或做某事
已有经验,所以对此已习以为常了的意味 。
e.g.-I didn’t use to like opera,but now I am getting
interested,
我过去不喜欢歌剧,但是现在慢慢地感兴趣了 。
Having grown up in the countryside,I'm used to manual
labor,
我生长在农村,习惯体力劳动了。
2)dust down去掉 …… 的灰尘 ;dust (down)with 把 ……
撒于
e.g,Let's dust down the furniture,咱们把家具上的灰尘
揩掉吧 。
The child dusted a cake with sugar,那孩子把糖撒在饼上 。
10,Before 1973 the object on which the prints were
found- a bottle,dagger or a gun – used to be shown in
court as well,
1973前,带有指纹的物证,如瓶子, 匕首或手枪同时也
要在法庭上出示 。
[辨 ] as well as 和 as well 这两个词语都可表示, 也,
的意思,但用法不同,所强调的重点也不同 。
as well as 是连词,意为, 不但 …… 而且, 与, not
only,..but aim” 同义 。
as well 作副词用,只能放在句末 。 一般和 and,but 等
连词合用 。 含有, 除上所说,此外还在 …… 之意,,
语义重点在后半部分 。
e.g,Small towns as well as big cities are being
industrialized,
小城市和大城市都在迅速实现工业化 。
He is a great scientist,and a courageous fighter as well,
他是一名伟大的科学家,也是一名英勇的战士 。
11,This is no longer necessary,---- It is no longer
necessary to carry to court the photos and objects with
fingerprints on them,而现在没有这样做的必要了 。
12,As a result criminals are claiming that their prints
have been,lifted” and planted elsewhere,
结果,许多罪犯声称他们的指纹是被, 提取, 后移植
到其他地方的 。
as a result,with the result that; therefore 由于, 因此
e.g,As a result,the game was postponed for a week,
结果, 比赛延期了一周 。
cf,as a result of, because of 由于 …… 的结果
e.g,As a result of the snow,he was late for work,
由于下雪, 他上班迟到了 。
13,There have been two successful claim in the United
States,though this line of defence has failed in Britain,
虽然这种辩护在英国未获得成功,但在美国却有两个
成功的案例 。
1) claim n,意为, (根据权利而提出 ) 要求 ;(应得的 ) 权
利, 。
e.g,The government would not even consider his claim,
政府甚至拒绝考虑他的要求 。
His claim to literary recognition rests on this great work,
他能得到文学界承认靠的是这部伟大的著作 。
2) Line of,a way or method of (doing something or
thinking about something) 在本句中意为 方法,方式
e.g,What line do you expect？
你打算采用什么样的方式进行?
The hospital is run on scientific methods,
这家医院是以科学方法管理的。
14,But so far I have not seen any fingerprint evidence
that proves the allegations to be true,---- But up to the
present there has not been any fingerprint evidence that
proves the allegations to be true,
但迄今为止,我还没有见到任何一种指纹证据可以证
明这种抗诉属实 。
so far:迄今为止
与这个短语相似的表达还有,thus far,up to now,
e.g,Future buildings,roads,and cities may be made from
garbage.But so far it is only a dream,
将来的大楼, 道路,乃至城市可能用垃圾废物来建造 。
但至今为止这还是一种梦想 。
I have heard nothing from him up to now,
迄今为止,我没有得到他一点音讯
14,… but there is a chance that even I may not be able
to tell,
…… 但有可能即使是我也无法断定 。
1) chance 在本句中意为, 可能性, 。 可用作可数名
词或不可数名词 。
e.g.The chances are a hundred to one that he will win,
他有百分之九十九取胜的把握 。
You would have more chance of catching the train if you
got a taxi to the station instead of waiking,
假如你乘出租车而不是步行去火车站,你赶上那班火
车的可能性就大 了 。
2) tell 在本句中意为, 辨别,区别, 。
e.g.I can tell them by their accent,
我能从他们的口音上辨别他们 。
Can you tell the difference between these two verbs?
你能区别这两个动词吗?
VI,Summary of Unit 8 (B)
Fingerprints,which are usually used for identification
purpose,are now in the dock themselves because more
and more defendants claim that their prints have been
lifted and planed at scenes of crimes,Lawyers,judges and
policemen,are questioning if fingerprints can be produced
in court as evidence when the objects with the prints are
not necessarily shown there,Though it is almost
impossible for people to lift a finger mark and transfer it
to another object,it can be done anyhow,Ex-Chief
Superintendent Squires would like the old method of
photographing prints and producing them together with
the object pictured to be generally used again.,
VII.课文佳 句 背诵
1,Fingerprints,one of the great deciders of innocence or
guilt criminal charges,are now in the dock themselves,
2,As a result criminals are claiming that their prints have
been,lifted”,and planted elsewhere,
3,But in far I have not seen any fingerprint evidence that
proves the allegations to be true,
4 Petty crooks are always accusing the police of lifting
their prints and planting them at the scene of a crime,
5,Mr.Squires sees the new line of defence as an attack on
the police by desperate men,
Text B
The Finger of Suspicion
Unit Eight Text B
I,Pre-reading Task
II,Related Information
III,Detailed Study
IV,Outline& Summary
V,Home Assignment
I,Pre-reading Task,
1,What is the role of the fingerprints in criminal charges?
2,What is the problem of the fingerprints presented here?
Back
II,Related Information,(1) fingerprinting
II,Related Information, (2) Scotland Yard
Scotland Yard,the London Metropolitan Police,
including the famous Criminal Investigation department
(CID),The headquarters was moved in 1890 and again in
1967 and is now called New Scotland yard,It maintains
criminal records for the entire United Kingdom and has a
special branch that guards visiting dignitaries,I t also
maintains links with Interpol and assists in the training of
police personnel in Commonwealth countries,Its
fingerprint division was the prototype of similar systems
used by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation and by
many other modern police forces,
III,Detailed Study,
I,Word Study
1,suspicion n,the act or the state of being suspected 怀
疑 [同 ]doubt
[记忆技巧 ]同源派生词,suspicious adj,易于引起怀疑
的, 可疑的,suspiciously adv,
2,fingerprint n,复合词 finger- print
3.charge v,to accuse ; to ask as a price (for); ask in
payment指控, 控告 ;收 （ 费 ）, 要 （ 价 ）
n,accusation指控, 控告
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词,chargeable adj.- 可能被控诉
的 ;charger n,控 诉者
近形词,change n./u,变化,改变 ;changeable adj,可改
变的 ;changely adj..可改变地
[常用短语 ] to charge sb.with(sth.) 指控某人 ( 犯某事 );
take charge负责,看管
in charge of 负责,管理
in the charge of 受管理
4,inquiry n,[同 ] investigation esp,an official one 询问,
调查
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词, inquire v,询问,调查 ; inquiring
adj,好询问的 inquiringly adv,探询地
近形词,inquest n,审讯,调查
[常用短语 ] make inquiries of sb.about sth,向某人询问
某事
5,investigation n,[同 ] inquiry
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词,investigate v,询问 ; 调查,
investigative,调查的, 爱调查研究的 investigation,n,
调查 investigator调查者
6,legal adj,of or based on law,permitted by law
[反 ] illegal
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词,legal adj.:legally adv,合法
地 ;legalese n.,法律 术 语 ;legalism n,墨守法规,条文主
义 ;legalist n,墨守法规者,条文主义者,法律学家
7,transfer v,to move from one place to another同 源派
生词, transferable adj.可转移的； transference n, 转移,
调动
近形词,transform v 转变, 改造； transformable adj.可
转变的, 可改造的 transformation n,转变, 改造
[常用短语 ] transfer from … to 从 …… 转到 ……,
transfer into 把 …… 变为 ……
8,establish v,to set up,to begin建立,创办,确立,使确
认
[记忆技巧 ] 同源派生词,establishment n.建立,确
立 ;established adj.已确立的,基础牢固的
9,deposit v to lay or put down同源派生词,deposit 存
放,寄存物 ; depositor
n,存放者,储户 ;deposition n,沉淀 (物 )
[常用短语 ] deposit sth.with sb,把某物存放在某人处
10.detect v[.同 ] discover
[记忆技巧 ]方向 同源派生词,detectable adj,可察觉的,
易发现的 ; detective adj.侦察的,探测的,n.侦探
detection n.,察觉,侦查 ;detector n,察觉者,探测器
[常用短语 ] detect sb.in (doing)sth,察觉某人在做不正
当的事
II,Text-related information
Scotland Yard,the London Metropolitan Police,
including the famous Criminal Investigation department
(CID),The headquarters was moved in 1890 and again in
1967 and is now called New Scotland yard,It maintains
criminal records for the entire United Kingdom and has a
special branch that guards visiting dignitaries,I t also
maintains links with Interpol and assists in the training of
police personnel in Commonwealth countries,Its
fingerprint division was the prototype of similar systems
used by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation and by
many other modern police focus,
III,Introductory Remarks
As we know,fingerprinting is one of the earlist forms of
scientific evidence to be recognized by courts of law,
and fingerprint records can be used for identification,
despite changes in an individual’s appearance or age,
But now more and more controversies have emerged in
the scietific community over the use of fingerprinting in
criminal investigations,A growing number of
defendants have called into question the fingerprinting
method used to prove guilt rather than just establish
innocence,In particular,they are arguing for the
possibility that their, prints” have been,lifted” and
planted at scenes of crimes,Is it possible?
What will be the final say of the committee of criminal
lawyers and what will be the result of the investigation
ordered by justice? The passage will tell you something
about the issue,
IV,Notes to the Text
1,Fingerprints,one of the great deciders of innocence
or guilt in criminal charges,are now in the dock
themselves,
作为在刑事诉讼案中判定无罪与否的重要证据之一
的指纹,现在它本身也被送上了审判台 。
1) [辨 ] mocence 和 guilt,这两个名词均属不可数名
词,无复数形式
a) innocence 意为, 无罪；天真,,guilt 意为, 犯罪,
有罪,
e.g.The accused man proved his innocence of the crime,
被告证明自己无罪 。,
She has not lost her innocence,她还没有失去天真 。
b) guilt 意为, 犯罪,有罪,
e.g,She has not lost her innocence,
她还没有失去天真 。
The guilt of the accused man was in doubt,
被告之罪有疑问 。
2).,charge
n,
a) 控告,指控
e.g.The judge quashed the charges against the prisoner
and set him free,
法官宣布对犯人的控告无效并将他释放 。
b)主管,看管
e.g.He will take charge during my absence,
我不在 时将由他负责 。
v,
a) 控告,指控,把 …… 归咎于
e.g.;The coach charged the loss of the game to the team's
disobeying his orders,
教练把比赛失败归咎于队员们不服从他的命令 。
b) 要价,收费
e.g,Doctors and lawyers charge a fee for their service,
医生和律师提供服务是要收费的 。
3) [辨 ].accuse(v..) 和 charge(v.)
accuse 意为, 指责,指控, 多指直接指责或指控某
人犯有某种罪或过错,但不一定很严重,也不一定揭发 。
其句型为, accuse sb.of sth.”。
charge 意为, 指控,控告,斥责,,正式法律用语,通
常指向法院控告某人犯
严重违法行为或过失 。 其句型为, charge sb.with
sth.” 。
e.g,She accused him of turning the radio up,
她指责他把收音机开大了 。
He was charged with murder,
他被指控犯谋杀罪 。
3) in / on the dock受到谴责, 处于被动局面
e.g,Eighteen members of the Ku Klux Klan were in / on
the dock in a trial that had drawn national attention,
18名三 K党党员在一次引起全国注意的审判中受审 。
The United States was obviously relievd to find the
Russians in the dock once again.看到俄国人又一次受到
非难,美国显然感到宽慰 。
4) in doubt 不能肯定的,不确定的
If you are in doubt,take the advice of an expert-
如果你有怀疑,就去请教专家 。
The outcome of the match was in doubt then,
当时比赛的结果还看不见 。
2,This is because of a growing number of claims from
defendants that their,prints” have been,lifed” and
planted at scenes of crimes,---- The reason for this is
that more and more defendants declared that their
fingerprints have been taken and moved to criminal sites,
因为,越来越多的被告声称他们的, 指纹, 已被, 提
取, 并移植到犯罪现场 。
3,And these allegation are being taken setiously by
lawyers,judges a policemen because it is possible to
move a fingerprint from one spot and place it
elsewhere,
而且,这些指控正受到律师, 法官和警察的重视,因为
把指纹从一个地方提取后转移到另一个地方是可能的 。
1) take sth.seriously 认真对待某事
e.g.They could not take such small things seriously,
他们不必对这么小的事情小题大作 。
2) it is possible to move,..中的, it,为原因状语从句中
的形式主语,不定式短语作真正主语 。
4,With one of the cornerstones of evidence now being
placed in doubt a committee of criminal lawyers is
carrying out an inquiry into fingerprinting,(原因 状
语 )
鉴 于作为重要证据之一的指纹已受到怀疑,由刑事律
师组成的委员会正在对指纹进行调查 。
1) With one of,..being placed in doubt 是, with+ 复
合结构, 的用法 。 该结构在本句中表示原因 。
2） evidence 在此为不可数名词,无复数形式,意为
,证据, 。 若表示, 痕迹, 时,则要用复数形式 。
e.g,There wasn’t enough evidence to prove him guilty,
没有充分的证据证明他有罪 。
There were evidences of glacial action on the rocks,
这些岩石上有冰河留下的痕迹 。
3) in doubt 不能肯定的,不确定的
e.g,If you are in doubt,take the advice of an expert-
如果你有怀疑,就去请教专家 。
The outcome of the match was in doubt then,
当时比赛的结果还看不准 。
4）,.,is carrying out an inquiry into ----,..is making
an investigation into…
正在对 …… 进行调查 。
e.g,They are carrying an inquiry into a case
他们正在 对一桩案子进行调查
5） carry out 执行, 进行, 实现
e.g,The computer carries out all its work on the machine
words by following a long list of instructions,called a
program,
计算机的全部工作是按照一张长长的称之为程序的指
令表形式的计算机语言来进行的 。
The manager said that he hoped we should carry out his
advice,
经理说他希望我们能按他的意见办 。
6) [辨 ] doubt (v.) 和 suspect (v..)
doubt 意为, 怀疑,不相信,拿不 准, 指缺乏自信,通
常带有否定的意味 。 在否定句和疑问句中,其后不能
接 whether 或 if 引导的从句 。
suspect 意为, 可疑,疑心,,指无证据的怀疑,有猜
想的含义 。 不可接 whether 或 if 引导的从句 。
e.g,I doubt whether he will succeed,我怀疑他是否会成
功 。
I suspect that he is a cheater,我猜他是个骗子 。
5．,.,and a report is due early next year,
预定明年初提交一份调查报告 。
due 在句中为形容词,意为, 预期的,到期的, 。
e.g.Your report is due tomorrow,
你的报告应于明天交来 。
I want to renew a book that's due today,
我想续借今天到期的一本书。
6.We are not aiming to establish if these allegations
are true or not,but we are questioning current finger
printing methods as part of general investigation into
scientific evidence,
我们的目的不是判断这些指控的真伪,而是对现行的
指纹检验法进行调查,这种方法是进行一般性调查时
作为取得科学证据而使用的 。
1) aim(v.) 表示, 目的在于,旨在, 时,美国人用 aim
to do,英国人则用 aim at doing 。 也可用 aim at/for sth,
表示 。
e.g,We must aim at increasing / to increase exports
我们要力求增加出口货物 。
We should aim for the best results,
我们应力争获得最好的效果 。
2) not-..but-..,不是而是 …… 。
e.g,He is not handsome but ugly,他并非英俊而是丑陋 。
It is not that I disliked the food but that I was full,
不是我不喜欢这些食物,而是我饱了 。
3) establish v,to find out or make certain of
1) to set up,fond 建立,创办
e.g,Our hospital was established in 1956
我们的医院是在 1956年创办的 。
2) to cause sb,to accept( abelief,claim,custom,etc.) 确 /
立,使确认
e.g,The usage is now firmly established,这个用法现已
得到确认 。
Newton conclusively established the law of gravity,
牛顿确定了万有引力定律 。
3) to settle/ place使定居
e.g,We are now comfortably established in our new house,
我们现已舒舒服服地在新居里安顿下来了 。
7,It can then be deposited on another,perhaps
incriminating object,
然后置于另一物品上,或许就是作案工具上 。
deposit
1) 放,存放
e.g,Some insects deposit their eggs in the ground
有些昆虫产卵于土中 。
2) 储蓄
He always deposits half of his salary in the bank,
他总是将一半薪金存入银行 。
3) 沉积
The river deposited silt at its mouth,
河口沉积了淤泥 。
8,Accusations about,planted prints” were first put
up at an Old Bailey IRA bomb trial nine years
age--Without success,
9 年前,伦敦中央刑事法庭对爱尔兰共和军炸弹案进行
审讯时首次提出了有关, 指纹移植, 的指控,但没有
成功 。
put up 在此意为, 提出, 。 表示此义时,常用, put
forward”。
e.g,I’ll see that your suggestion is put up at the next
meeting,
我一定设法让你的建议在下次会议上提出来 。
Are you serious in putting forward such a view?
你提出那样的观点是当真的吗?
9,Fingerprints at the scene of a crime used to be
dusted down with fine powder,photographed for
identification purpose,the pictures and the objects
carrying the prints were produced in court,
---- In the past fingerprints at the criminal site were
usually first covered with fine powder,which was then
quickly wiped off,so that they were enough to be
pictured with an aim to make out the suspects; finally
both the photos and the objects with fingerprints on them
were shown in court,
过去总是用细微粉末撒在犯罪现场的指纹上面 。 然后
拍下照片以供鉴别 ; 再把照片和带有指纹的物品同时
在法庭上出示 。
1) [辨 ] used to 和 be used to
used to 后接不定式,表示, 过去经常性的动作或存在
的状态,,强调现在同过去的对,含有过去常常怎么样,
现在不这样了的意味 。
be used to 后接名词或动名词,表示, 习惯于, 含有
经常做某事或做某事
已有经验,所以对此已习以为常了的意味 。
e.g.-I didn’t use to like opera,but now I am getting
interested,
我过去不喜欢歌剧,但是现在慢慢地感兴趣了 。
Having grown up in the countryside,I'm used to manual
labor,
我生长在农村,习惯体力劳动了。
2)dust down去掉 …… 的灰尘 ;dust (down)with 把 ……
撒于
e.g,Let's dust down the furniture,咱们把家具上的灰尘
揩掉吧 。
The child dusted a cake with sugar,那孩子把糖撒在饼上 。
10,Before 1973 the object on which the prints were
found- a bottle,dagger or a gun – used to be shown in
court as well,
1973前,带有指纹的物证,如瓶子, 匕首或手枪同时也
要在法庭上出示 。
[辨 ] as well as 和 as well 这两个词语都可表示, 也,
的意思,但用法不同,所强调的重点也不同 。
as well as 是连词,意为, 不但 …… 而且, 与, not
only,..but aim” 同义 。
as well 作副词用,只能放在句末 。 一般和 and,but 等
连词合用 。 含有, 除上所说,此外还在 …… 之意,,
语义重点在后半部分 。
e.g,Small towns as well as big cities are being
industrialized,
小城市和大城市都在迅速实现工业化 。
He is a great scientist,and a courageous fighter as well,
他是一名伟大的科学家,也是一名英勇的战士 。
11,This is no longer necessary,---- It is no longer
necessary to carry to court the photos and objects with
fingerprints on them,而现在没有这样做的必要了 。
12,As a result criminals are claiming that their prints
have been,lifted” and planted elsewhere,
结果,许多罪犯声称他们的指纹是被, 提取, 后移植
到其他地方的 。
as a result,with the result that; therefore 由于, 因此
e.g,As a result,the game was postponed for a week,
结果, 比赛延期了一周 。
cf,as a result of, because of 由于 …… 的结果
e.g,As a result of the snow,he was late for work,
由于下雪, 他上班迟到了 。
13,There have been two successful claim in the United
States,though this line of defence has failed in Britain,
虽然这种辩护在英国未获得成功,但在美国却有两个
成功的案例 。
1) claim n,意为, (根据权利而提出 ) 要求 ;(应得的 ) 权
利, 。
e.g,The government would not even consider his claim,
政府甚至拒绝考虑他的要求 。
His claim to literary recognition rests on this great work,
他能得到文学界承认靠的是这部伟大的著作 。
2) Line of,a way or method of (doing something or
thinking about something) 在本句中意为 方法,方式
e.g,What line do you expect？
你打算采用什么样的方式进行?
The hospital is run on scientific methods,
这家医院是以科学方法管理的。
14,But so far I have not seen any fingerprint evidence
that proves the allegations to be true,---- But up to the
present there has not been any fingerprint evidence that
proves the allegations to be true,
但迄今为止,我还没有见到任何一种指纹证据可以证
明这种抗诉属实 。
so far:迄今为止
与这个短语相似的表达还有,thus far,up to now,
e.g,Future buildings,roads,and cities may be made from
garbage.But so far it is only a dream,
将来的大楼, 道路,乃至城市可能用垃圾废物来建造 。
但至今为止这还是一种梦想 。
I have heard nothing from him up to now,
迄今为止,我没有得到他一点音讯
14,… but there is a chance that even I may not be able
to tell,
…… 但有可能即使是我也无法断定 。
1) chance 在本句中意为, 可能性, 。 可用作可数名
词或不可数名词 。
e.g.The chances are a hundred to one that he will win,
他有百分之九十九取胜的把握 。
You would have more chance of catching the train if you
got a taxi to the station instead of waiking,
假如你乘出租车而不是步行去火车站,你赶上那班火
车的可能性就大 了 。
2) tell 在本句中意为, 辨别,区别, 。
e.g.I can tell them by their accent,
我能从他们的口音上辨别他们 。
Can you tell the difference between these two verbs?
你能区别这两个动词吗?
VI,Summary of Unit 8 (B)
Fingerprints,which are usually used for identification
purpose,are now in the dock themselves because more
and more defendants claim that their prints have been
lifted and planed at scenes of crimes,Lawyers,judges and
policemen,are questioning if fingerprints can be produced
in court as evidence when the objects with the prints are
not necessarily shown there,Though it is almost
impossible for people to lift a finger mark and transfer it
to another object,it can be done anyhow,Ex-Chief
Superintendent Squires would like the old method of
photographing prints and producing them together with
the object pictured to be generally used again.,
VII.课文佳 句 背诵
1,Fingerprints,one of the great deciders of innocence or
guilt criminal charges,are now in the dock themselves,
2,As a result criminals are claiming that their prints have
been,lifted”,and planted elsewhere,
3,But in far I have not seen any fingerprint evidence that
proves the allegations to be true,
4 Petty crooks are always accusing the police of lifting
their prints and planting them at the scene of a crime,
5,Mr.Squires sees the new line of defence as an attack on
the police by desperate men,
