国民收入核算的基本方法
10.2 The Basic Methods of National Income Accounting
教学目标 Objectives：
?掌握支出法计算国民收入的基本方法
?掌握收入法计算国民收入的基本方法
?掌握增值法计算国民收入的基本方法
知识点 Knowledge：
支出法、收入法、增值法
技能点 Skills：
学会计算国民生产总值
households
National Income Accounting
real flow money flow
payments
Leakages injections
Withdrawals import
investment expenditure
consumer spending employment
the expenditure approach
the income approach
the gross value added approach
专业词汇 Professional terms
Real and Money Flows
The figure below divides the economy into two
sections or sectors made up of households and
firms.
There are two types of flow (an amount per time
period) between these groups:
A real flow,Households own factor services
which they hire out to firms,Factor services are
then used to manufacture goods and services.
A money flow,Households receive payments for
their services (income) and use this money to buy
the output of firms (consumption).
Leakages or Withdrawals From the Circular
Flow
Not all income will flow from households to firms
directly,The circular flow below shows that some
part of household income will be:
? Put aside for future spending,ie saved.
? Paid to the government in taxes.
? Spent on foreign made goods imported into the
country.
Injections Into the Circular Flow
These flows out of the circular flow of income
will be counterbalanced by flows back in,These
flows are known as injections,These may take
the form of:
?Other firms,ie investment expenditure.
?The government,ie government expenditure.
?Foreigners,ie export expenditure,
The diagram shows the impact of these
injections on the circular flow:
一、支出法 the expenditure approach
支出法也称为最终产品法或产品流动法 。
Q1P1＋ Q2P2＋ …… ＋ QNPN ＝ GNP
国民生产总值 （ GNP） = 个人消费 （ C） ＋投资 （ I ）
＋政府购买 （ G） ＋净出口 （ 出口 X－进口 M）
一、支出法 the expenditure approach
?个人消费支出 （ C） 包括购买耐用品 （ 如小汽车, 电
冰箱, 洗衣机, 收录机 ）, 非耐用品 （ 如食物, 衣服
之类 ）, 劳务 （ 如医疗, 旅游, 理发, 看戏等 ） 等方
面的支出
?私人国内总投资 （ I） 是指个人或企业增加或替换资
本资产 （ 包括厂房和住宅建筑, 购买机器设备以及存
货 ） 的支出
?政府购买支出 （ G） 是指各级政府购买商品和劳务的
支出
?净出口 （ X－ M） 是指出口货物与进口货物之间的差
额
二、收入法 the income approach
按照收入法计算的国民收入中的生产要素
收入应该是工资, 利息, 地租和企业家才
能的报酬 （ 利润 ） 的总和 。
三、增值法 the gross value added approach
按照收入法计算的国民收入中的生产要素
收入应该是工资, 利息, 地租和企业家才
能的报酬 （ 利润 ） 的总和 。
三、增值法 the gross value added approach
生产阶段 产品价值 中间产品成本 增 值
棉 花 10 —— 10
棉 纱 15 10 5
棉 布 28 15 13
服 装 50 28 22
合 计 103 53 50
产品增值额计算表 单位：百万元
National Income,Accounting
Q1,Suppose that in the country of Betania,the real
gross national product in 1987 was ￡1483 billion (1972
equals 100),In 1988,real gross national product is
￡1510 billion (1972 equals 100),In Betania,real gross
national product grew by
(Select one answer)
(a) -2.4 percent.
(b) 4.6 percent.
(c) 1.8 percent.
(d) -3.5 percent.
National Income,Accounting
Q2,Real gross national product is best defined as
(Select one answer)
(a) the pound value of all final goods and services produced in
the economy during a particular time period and measured in
current prices.
(b) the pound value of all goods produced for final consumption
by households in a particular year and measured in constant
prices.
(c) the current pound value of all new and used goods produced
and sold in the economy during a particular time period.
(d) the market value of all final goods and services produced by
the economy during a given time period,with prices held
constant relative to some base period.
National Income,Accounting
Q3,The total market value of all final goods and
services produced within a given period by factors of
production located within a country is
(Select one answer)
(a) gross national product.
(b) gross domestic product.
(c) net national product.
(d) net national income.
National Income,Accounting
Q4,Real GDP is gross domestic product measured
(Select one answer)
(a) in the prices of a base year.
(b) in current dollars.
(c) at a constant output level but at current prices.
(d) as the difference between the current year's GDP
and last year's GDP
10.2 The Basic Methods of National Income Accounting
教学目标 Objectives：
?掌握支出法计算国民收入的基本方法
?掌握收入法计算国民收入的基本方法
?掌握增值法计算国民收入的基本方法
知识点 Knowledge：
支出法、收入法、增值法
技能点 Skills：
学会计算国民生产总值
households
National Income Accounting
real flow money flow
payments
Leakages injections
Withdrawals import
investment expenditure
consumer spending employment
the expenditure approach
the income approach
the gross value added approach
专业词汇 Professional terms
Real and Money Flows
The figure below divides the economy into two
sections or sectors made up of households and
firms.
There are two types of flow (an amount per time
period) between these groups:
A real flow,Households own factor services
which they hire out to firms,Factor services are
then used to manufacture goods and services.
A money flow,Households receive payments for
their services (income) and use this money to buy
the output of firms (consumption).
Leakages or Withdrawals From the Circular
Flow
Not all income will flow from households to firms
directly,The circular flow below shows that some
part of household income will be:
? Put aside for future spending,ie saved.
? Paid to the government in taxes.
? Spent on foreign made goods imported into the
country.
Injections Into the Circular Flow
These flows out of the circular flow of income
will be counterbalanced by flows back in,These
flows are known as injections,These may take
the form of:
?Other firms,ie investment expenditure.
?The government,ie government expenditure.
?Foreigners,ie export expenditure,
The diagram shows the impact of these
injections on the circular flow:
一、支出法 the expenditure approach
支出法也称为最终产品法或产品流动法 。
Q1P1＋ Q2P2＋ …… ＋ QNPN ＝ GNP
国民生产总值 （ GNP） = 个人消费 （ C） ＋投资 （ I ）
＋政府购买 （ G） ＋净出口 （ 出口 X－进口 M）
一、支出法 the expenditure approach
?个人消费支出 （ C） 包括购买耐用品 （ 如小汽车, 电
冰箱, 洗衣机, 收录机 ）, 非耐用品 （ 如食物, 衣服
之类 ）, 劳务 （ 如医疗, 旅游, 理发, 看戏等 ） 等方
面的支出
?私人国内总投资 （ I） 是指个人或企业增加或替换资
本资产 （ 包括厂房和住宅建筑, 购买机器设备以及存
货 ） 的支出
?政府购买支出 （ G） 是指各级政府购买商品和劳务的
支出
?净出口 （ X－ M） 是指出口货物与进口货物之间的差
额
二、收入法 the income approach
按照收入法计算的国民收入中的生产要素
收入应该是工资, 利息, 地租和企业家才
能的报酬 （ 利润 ） 的总和 。
三、增值法 the gross value added approach
按照收入法计算的国民收入中的生产要素
收入应该是工资, 利息, 地租和企业家才
能的报酬 （ 利润 ） 的总和 。
三、增值法 the gross value added approach
生产阶段 产品价值 中间产品成本 增 值
棉 花 10 —— 10
棉 纱 15 10 5
棉 布 28 15 13
服 装 50 28 22
合 计 103 53 50
产品增值额计算表 单位：百万元
National Income,Accounting
Q1,Suppose that in the country of Betania,the real
gross national product in 1987 was ￡1483 billion (1972
equals 100),In 1988,real gross national product is
￡1510 billion (1972 equals 100),In Betania,real gross
national product grew by
(Select one answer)
(a) -2.4 percent.
(b) 4.6 percent.
(c) 1.8 percent.
(d) -3.5 percent.
National Income,Accounting
Q2,Real gross national product is best defined as
(Select one answer)
(a) the pound value of all final goods and services produced in
the economy during a particular time period and measured in
current prices.
(b) the pound value of all goods produced for final consumption
by households in a particular year and measured in constant
prices.
(c) the current pound value of all new and used goods produced
and sold in the economy during a particular time period.
(d) the market value of all final goods and services produced by
the economy during a given time period,with prices held
constant relative to some base period.
National Income,Accounting
Q3,The total market value of all final goods and
services produced within a given period by factors of
production located within a country is
(Select one answer)
(a) gross national product.
(b) gross domestic product.
(c) net national product.
(d) net national income.
National Income,Accounting
Q4,Real GDP is gross domestic product measured
(Select one answer)
(a) in the prices of a base year.
(b) in current dollars.
(c) at a constant output level but at current prices.
(d) as the difference between the current year's GDP
and last year's GDP
