Chapter Two Supply Theory and
its Application
第 2章 供给理论及其应用
2.1 Supply Function
and Theorem
供给函数与供给定理
教学目标 Objectives：
? 理解供给的含义
? 明确如何区分供给量的变动和供给变动
? 学会分析供给受不同因素影响的变化情况
? 学会运用所学知识解释或解决一些现实问题
知识点 Knowledge：
供给的含义, 影响供给的因素
供给曲线
影响供给弹性的因素
技能点 Skills：
? 分析各因素对供给的影响
? 正确区分供给量的变动和供给变动
? 分析日常经济现象
? 利用所学知识解决一些现实问题
Supply Government policy
Supply Function Price elasticity of supply
Supply Curve
Output
Cost
Market Supply
Supplier
The aims of producer
profit maximization
The price of product
Change in technology
Change in input prices
专业词汇 Professional terms
一、什么是供给 (supply)
? Supply The different quantities of a good that producers
are willing and able to provide or sell at various prices
over a given time period.
Supply curve A graph showing the relationship between
the price of a good and the quantity of the good
supplied over a given period of time.
? 供给是指在某一特定时期内，在每一价格水平时厂商（生产
者）愿意而且能够出售的商品量。
一、什么是供给 (supply)
供给概念的理解：
? 供给不同于供给量
? 供给也需要同时具备两个条件：一是生产者愿意出售，二是
生产者有供给能力
? 供给也分为个人供给和市场供给
? 供给量不一定等于实际销售量
二、供给的影响因素
? As firms supply more,they are likely to find that
beyond a certain level of output,costs rise more
and more rapidly.
? Given time,if the price of a good remains high,
new producers will be encouraged to set up in
production,Total market supply thus rises.
? The number of suppliers
二、供给的影响因素
? 厂商的目标
? 商品本身的价格
? 生产技术
? 生产要素的价格
? 相关商品的价格
? 厂商对未来的预期
? 政府的政策
二、供给的影响因素
? The aims of producers For most of the time we shall assume that
firms are profit maximization.
? The price of product The higher the price of the good,the more
profitable it becomes to produce.
? Change in technology Technological advances can
fundamentally alter the costs of production.
? Change in input prices Costs of production will rise if wages,
raw material price,rents,interest rates or any other input prices
rise.
? The profitability of goods in joint supply Sometimes when one
good is produced,another good is also produced.
? expectations of future price changes
? Government policy Costs will be lowered by government
subsidies and raised by various taxes.
三、供给函数（ Supply function）
? 用函数关系表示影响供给的因素与供给量之间的数量对应关
系
? S=f(a,b,c,---,n)
? 只考虑总供给量与价格之间的关系
? S=f(p)
四、供给定理
? Supply and price
? When the price of a good rises,the quantity supplied
will also rise.
? 供给曲线的例外
图 2-2 供给曲线
的例外
SP
0 Q(b)
P
0 Q(a)
S P
0 Q(c)
S
四、供给定理
? Supply and price
? When the price of a good rises,the quantity supplied
will also rise.
? 供给曲线的例外
图 2-2 供给曲线
的例外
SP
0 Q(b)
P
0 Q(a)
S P
0 Q(c)
S
四、供给定理
? Supply and price
? When the price of a good rises,the quantity supplied
will also rise.
? 供给曲线的例外
图 2-2 供给曲线
的例外
SP
0 Q(b)
P
0 Q(a)
S P
0 Q(c)
S
五、供给的变动和供给量的变动
0 Q2 Q0 Q1 Q
P
P
０
图 2-4 供给的变动
S1S0
S2
a
b
S
0 Q1 Q2 Q
P
P2
P1
图 2-3 供给量的变动
六、供给价格弹性
Price elasticity of supply The responsiveness of
quantity supplied to a change in price.
供给价格弹性 是指商品价格变动的比率所引起的供给量变动的
比率，它反映了供给量变动对价格变动反应的敏感程度。
六、供给价格弹性
影响供给弹性的因素
? 生产成本的变化
? 生产时期的长短
? 生产规模变化的难易程度
? 生产的难易程度
its Application
第 2章 供给理论及其应用
2.1 Supply Function
and Theorem
供给函数与供给定理
教学目标 Objectives：
? 理解供给的含义
? 明确如何区分供给量的变动和供给变动
? 学会分析供给受不同因素影响的变化情况
? 学会运用所学知识解释或解决一些现实问题
知识点 Knowledge：
供给的含义, 影响供给的因素
供给曲线
影响供给弹性的因素
技能点 Skills：
? 分析各因素对供给的影响
? 正确区分供给量的变动和供给变动
? 分析日常经济现象
? 利用所学知识解决一些现实问题
Supply Government policy
Supply Function Price elasticity of supply
Supply Curve
Output
Cost
Market Supply
Supplier
The aims of producer
profit maximization
The price of product
Change in technology
Change in input prices
专业词汇 Professional terms
一、什么是供给 (supply)
? Supply The different quantities of a good that producers
are willing and able to provide or sell at various prices
over a given time period.
Supply curve A graph showing the relationship between
the price of a good and the quantity of the good
supplied over a given period of time.
? 供给是指在某一特定时期内，在每一价格水平时厂商（生产
者）愿意而且能够出售的商品量。
一、什么是供给 (supply)
供给概念的理解：
? 供给不同于供给量
? 供给也需要同时具备两个条件：一是生产者愿意出售，二是
生产者有供给能力
? 供给也分为个人供给和市场供给
? 供给量不一定等于实际销售量
二、供给的影响因素
? As firms supply more,they are likely to find that
beyond a certain level of output,costs rise more
and more rapidly.
? Given time,if the price of a good remains high,
new producers will be encouraged to set up in
production,Total market supply thus rises.
? The number of suppliers
二、供给的影响因素
? 厂商的目标
? 商品本身的价格
? 生产技术
? 生产要素的价格
? 相关商品的价格
? 厂商对未来的预期
? 政府的政策
二、供给的影响因素
? The aims of producers For most of the time we shall assume that
firms are profit maximization.
? The price of product The higher the price of the good,the more
profitable it becomes to produce.
? Change in technology Technological advances can
fundamentally alter the costs of production.
? Change in input prices Costs of production will rise if wages,
raw material price,rents,interest rates or any other input prices
rise.
? The profitability of goods in joint supply Sometimes when one
good is produced,another good is also produced.
? expectations of future price changes
? Government policy Costs will be lowered by government
subsidies and raised by various taxes.
三、供给函数（ Supply function）
? 用函数关系表示影响供给的因素与供给量之间的数量对应关
系
? S=f(a,b,c,---,n)
? 只考虑总供给量与价格之间的关系
? S=f(p)
四、供给定理
? Supply and price
? When the price of a good rises,the quantity supplied
will also rise.
? 供给曲线的例外
图 2-2 供给曲线
的例外
SP
0 Q(b)
P
0 Q(a)
S P
0 Q(c)
S
四、供给定理
? Supply and price
? When the price of a good rises,the quantity supplied
will also rise.
? 供给曲线的例外
图 2-2 供给曲线
的例外
SP
0 Q(b)
P
0 Q(a)
S P
0 Q(c)
S
四、供给定理
? Supply and price
? When the price of a good rises,the quantity supplied
will also rise.
? 供给曲线的例外
图 2-2 供给曲线
的例外
SP
0 Q(b)
P
0 Q(a)
S P
0 Q(c)
S
五、供给的变动和供给量的变动
0 Q2 Q0 Q1 Q
P
P
０
图 2-4 供给的变动
S1S0
S2
a
b
S
0 Q1 Q2 Q
P
P2
P1
图 2-3 供给量的变动
六、供给价格弹性
Price elasticity of supply The responsiveness of
quantity supplied to a change in price.
供给价格弹性 是指商品价格变动的比率所引起的供给量变动的
比率，它反映了供给量变动对价格变动反应的敏感程度。
六、供给价格弹性
影响供给弹性的因素
? 生产成本的变化
? 生产时期的长短
? 生产规模变化的难易程度
? 生产的难易程度
