四川外语学院英语系经贸口译课程 第二周《经贸口译》授课教案(部分) 授课教师: 陶丽霞 根据本课程教学纲要: 第二周 Preliminary business talks and interviews (对话体口译:学生演示为主) 2.Number interpretation skills (specialized intensive practice) 1. 模拟现场,熟悉一些表达惯例。 2.练习多位整数和倍数的口译并达到熟练程度。   主题 (Theme): Establishment of business relation建立贸易关系 2. Number interpretation skill (多位整数和多位倍数的口译练习) 本课教学重点:1. 熟悉并演绎商家在初次见面时的不同礼仪、表达和文化(口译部分为主)。 2. 熟悉复杂数字的口译并能熟练快捷地脱口而出。 预期效果:1. 学生能在涉外活动中,得体地表达和表现。 2. 训练数字表述基本功。 检测手段:(1)学生现场表现。 (2)以快速出题快速口译的形式,检测学生的反应力和熟练程度。 教学步骤: I.分组活动,熟悉内容(课文),要求或鼓励适当发挥,充实内容,使之更加具有情景性和应变性。 II.分组演示,要求有应景性、情理性、适当性,符合商务惯例。 III.数字快速口译表演,并评选优秀小组 IV.选择性地口译随机选词 V.提问或出思考题,引导学生回答或展开讨论。 部分课文内容和作业要求: 1.课文原文: =========== Wishing to Establish Business Relations W. It is said that you’re just had a successful visit to Japan. B. Yes, quite successful. Nearly every year I have a chance to visit Japan. I have been longing to visit China and establish business relations with Chinese companies. W. It is also out hope to establish business relations with our American friends. What’s your line of business? B. Textiles and textile machinery. As a matter of fact, we are distributors with business branches in most major cities in the States. We’d like to introduce Chinese textiles to our markets, if your conditions are favorable. W. Let me assure you of our best attention, Mr. Black. We are willing to do trade with you on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and the exchange of needed goods. B. Could you give me an introduction of your products? W. Yes, of course. To give you a general idea of the various kinds of our products available for export, I’d like to give you our latest catalogue and price list. B. Very good. Thanks. But would you give me some more copies? I’d like to airmail some back home. W. Certainly. Are they enough? B. Yes, quite enough. Thank you. W. After you go over this catalogue and price list, I’ll take you down to the sample-room to have a close look at our samples. B. Oh, that’s very kind of you. I am sure I’d find what we are interested in. But I’m afraid that would take lots of your time. W. Never mind. If only I could be of any help, I’ll be very glad. (See 《国际贸易谈判英语》from P. 13 – P. 14) 课文内容的具体处理: 1/. 要求或鼓励学生用替代法更换成相似场景, 灵活多变地用适当方式适应不同的情景内容, 。 2/. 将课文作为一个“模版”, 在复制或仿制其他情景,适当发挥。 课文讲解、提问与思考题: 结合更新的信息,在讲解课文的同时,启发学生认识一些常见的经济现象与规律,了解最新的经贸动态,培养经济意识。 解释术语。 最常用的三种贸易术语 三种贸易术语:《国际贸易术语解释通则》中共有13个贸易术语,其中使用最的是装运港交货的三种术语;FOB,CFR和CIF。 这三种贸易术语,都只适用于海运和内河运输,买卖双方在货物交接方式和责任、费用、风险划分中所承担的义务基本一致,只是在运输和保险的责任上有所区别。 A. FOB(...named port of shipment)——装运港船上交货(——指定装运港)按照《通则》的解释,卖方必须在合同规定的装运期内,在指定的装运港将货物装上买方指定的船上,并及时通知买方。货物在装运港越过船舷,风险即由卖方转移至买方。 买方负责租船订舱,支付运费,在合同规定的期间到达装运港接运货物,并将船名及装船日期给予卖方充分的通知。 卖方要负责取得出口报关所需的各种证件,并负责办理出口手续。买方则负责取得进口报关所需的各种证件,并负责进口报关。 卖方应向买方提供通常的单证,证明已完成交货装船的义务。其中的运输单据则应在买方承担费用和风险的条件下,卖方给予一切协助,取得有关运输合同的运输单据。买方应接受与合同相符的货物和单据,并按照合同规定支付货款。 B. CFR(...named port of destination)——成本加运费(...指定目的港)CFR与FOB不同之处在于,由卖方负责租船订舱并支付运费。按《通则》解释,卖方只需按通常条件租船订舱,经习惯航线运送货物。 CFR在货物装船、风险转移、办理进出口手续和交单、接单付款方面,买卖双方的义务和FOB是相同的。 C. CIF(named port of destination)——成本加保险费加运费(...指定目的港)CIF与CFR相比,买卖双方所承担的义务相同。但以CIF方式成交,卖方还承担为货物办理运输保险并支付保险费的义务。在FOB和CFR中,由于买方是为自己所承担的运输风险而办理保险,因而不构成一种义务、按《通则》解释,卖方应在不迟于货物越过船舷时,办理货运保险。在合同无明示时,卖方可按保险条款中低责任的险别投保,投保金额最低为CIF价格的110%。 数字口译。 数字口译 迅速地翻译数字对中国人来说不容易。这是因为汉语和英语表达数字的方式不同。汉语是个、十、百、千、万、十万、百万、千万、亿、十亿……,也就是以“十”的倍数来表达;而英语则是在数字超过千以后,以“千”(thousand)的倍数来表达的。如“一万”是“十千”,即ten thousand;“十万”是“百千”,即hundred thousand,直至“百万”(million)。百万以上的数字则用“百万”的倍数表达;如“千万”是“十百万”,即ten million;“亿”是“百百万”,即hundred million,直至“十亿”(billion)。因此,凡遇到“万”和“十万”时,都要变成“十千”、“百千”。口译必然会遇到数字,没有经过训练的人往往会出错,而数字译错很可能带来严 重后果,因此应始终把数字口译作为一个重点训练项目。 口译练习。 Preliminary Business Talk P: We've luckily survived this crisis. In order to put our business relations on a solid footing, we have come to explain the position ourselves. L: Good. We're really looking forward to doing business with you in the years to come. P: So are we. However, the tallow market has been quite strong for sometime and the prevailing price in the London market is around US$303 for bulk tallow. L: I'm sorry to say that we find your price unacceptable. P: Would you give me an indication as to the price you consider workable? L: I hope you would reconsider your price and bring it into line with the world market price. P: Well, I'll be glad to hear what you have in mind. L: I can only say that the prices from other sources are much lower than yours and their quality is indisputable. P: I admit that we' we in a disadvantageous position in the face of competition from other sources. L: I'm afraid you'll stand no chance if you don't fall into line with others. P: But we simply can't. The U.S. currency devaluation has put us in a disadvantageous position as regards export price. Surely you realize that. L: Indeed we do. But you should not neglect the advantage you enjoy in the cost of production. After all, we're prepared to come to terms with you if your price is reasonable. Think it over, Mr. Peter. P: Well, give me time then. I'll have to contact my head office. L: That's fine. Please let us know as soon as you hear from them. P: Certainly, I will. (See Book《国际贸易谈判英语》 from P 18 – P20) 第六周《经贸口译》授课教案 授课教师: 陶丽霞 根据本课程教学纲要: 第六周 Marketing and Management营销与管理 Retail business talks (对话体口译:学生演示为主) 3.Application & Conversion of units and number recording (specialized intensive practice) 1. 理解和熟悉术语以及习惯表达。 2.单位的应用与转换 & 数字的记录并达到熟练程度。   主题 (Theme): Marketing and Management 营销与管理 Retail business talks 零售业务谈判 3. Application and conversion of units and number recording (单位的应用与转换和数字的记录训练) 本课教学重点: 1. 了解和熟悉营销与管理(包括现代的电子商务营销等)的一些术语和意义,并结合本地的情况,进行演绎(口译部分为主)。 2. 了解并熟悉零售渠道及与批发渠道的区别,学会相关表达。 3.了解数字单位的应用与转换的重要意义以及数字快速记录和技术性处理。 预期效果:1. 使学生能够比较在行地讨论营销与管理问题,并启发其提出一些建设性意见。 2. 了解零售的英语表达,并了解国内零售业的现况与存在的问题。 检测手段:(1)学生现场演示。 (2)提问回答, 要求使用正确的术语和习惯表达,检测学生的知识面。 (3)数字基本功 教学步骤: I. 详细讲解,使学生吃透内容(课文),要求或鼓励适当发挥,充实内容,使之更加具有情景性和应变性。 II.分组演示,要求有应景性、情理性、适当性。 III.数字记录和口译演示 IV.选择性地口译随机选词 V.提问或出思考题,引导学生回答或展开讨论。 部分课文内容和作业要求: 课文原文: ========= 商务对话实战 (营销策略篇) In this conversation, Tanya Nichols, the owner of an ice cream manufacturing company, is talking with her marketing manager, Carla Hutchison, about the marketing strategy for a new product. Tanya: So, Carla, do you have a marketing plan for our new ice-cream sandwich? Carla: Yes I do. After going through our S.W.O.T. process, I think we’re in good shape. One of our main strengths is the quality of our ice-cream, and there’s is a good market opportunity for the novelty of a choice of flavors. Since our company already has a good image, I don’t see many weaknesses. No other company sells ice-cream sandwiches with a choice of 5 flavors, so there’s no threat to speak of, either. Tanya: I assume we don’t need to worry about creating a need, with summer almost here. Carla: Right. As for the marketing mix, we will package it in gold foil with dark brown lettering to simulate chocolate, and price it 20% higher than our chocolate-covered ice-cream bar. It’ll be introduced in selected places across the country starting next month. The main promotion will be through advertising, using a ‘pull’ strategy, of course. We haven’t finalized our ads yet, so I’ll have to let you know. Can we meet again the beginning of next week? Tanya: Sure can. Let me check ... how about Tuesday morning at 10:30? Carla: Uh, let’s see ... Okay with me. 课文内容的具体处理: 1/. 要求或鼓励学生用替代法更换成相似场景, 灵活多变地用适当方式适应不同的情景内容。 2/. 将课文作为一个“模版”, 在复制或仿制其他情景,适当发挥。 课文讲解、提问与思考题: 结合更新的信息,在讲解课文的同时,启发学生认识一些常见的经济现象与规律,了解最新的经贸动态,培养经济意识。 解释和学习术语。 销售英语汇总 salable畅销的 popular有销路的 find a market销售 selling line销路 trial sale, test sale, test market试销 salable goods畅销货 popular goods快货 the best selling line (the best seller)热门货 to find(have)a ready market有销路,畅销 to have a strong footing in a market很有销路 good market畅销 poor(no)market滞销 goods that sell well畅销货 sell like wildfire畅销,销得很快 selling techniques推销技术 selling and administrative expense推销及管理费用 selling concept推销观点 Additional Words and Phrases selling卖的;出售的;销路好的 sell卖;销售;有销路 sales agent代销人;销售代理商 sell at a bargain, sell at a profit廉价出售 sell goods at a high figure高价出售 sellers’ market卖方市场 buyers; market买方市场 selling price售价,时价 selling season销售季节 marketing mix销售综合方法,销售策略 marketing establishment销售企业,销售公司 consumer media销售方面的宣传工具 salesperson推销员,售货员(包括男、女) salesman售货员 sales lady, salesgirl, saleswoman(口语)女售货员 salesclerk男(女)售货员(美国口语) marketing managers推销经理 单位的应用与转换 度量衡表:公制到英美制换算(中英) Linear Measure 长度 1 millimetre 毫米=0.03937 inch 英寸 1 centimetre 厘米=10 mm. 毫米=0.3937 inch 英寸 1 decimetre 分米=10 cm. 厘米=3.937 inches 英寸 1 metre 米=10 dm. 分米=1.0936 yards 码=3.2808 feet 英尺 1 decametre 十米=10 m. 米=10.936 yards 码 1 hectometre 百米=100 m. 米=109.4 yards 码 1 kilometre 千米=1000 m. 米=0.6214 mile 英里 1 mile marin 海里=1852 m. 米=1.1500 mile 英里 Square Measure 面积 1 square centimetre 平方厘米=0.155 sq.inch 平方英寸 1 square metre 平方米=1.196 sq.yards 平方码 1 are 公亩=100 square metres 平方米 =119.6 sq.yards 平方码 1 hectare 公顷=100 ares 公亩=2.471 acres 英亩 1 square kilometre 平方公里=0.386 sq.mile 平方英里 Cubic Measure 体积 1 cubic centimetre 立方厘米=0.061 cu.inch 立方英寸 1 cubic metre 立方米=1.308 cu.yards 立方码 Capacity Measure 容积 1 millilitre 毫升=0.002 pint (British) 英制品脱 1 centilitre 厘升=10 ml. 毫升=0.018 pint 品脱 1 decilitre 分升=10 cl. 厘升=0.176 pint 品脱 1 litre 升=10 dl. 分升=1.76 pints 品脱 1 decalitre 十升=10 l. 升=2.20 gallons 加伦 1 hectolitre 百升=100 l. 升=2.75 bushels 蒲式耳 1 kilolitre 千升=1000 l. 升=3.44 quarters 八蒲式耳 Weight 重量 1 milligram 毫克=0.015 grain 谷 1 centigram 厘克=10 mg. 毫克=0.154 grain 谷 1 decigram 分克=10 cg. 厘克=1.543 grains 谷 1 gram 克=10 dg. 分克=15.43 grains 谷 1 decagram 十克=10 g. 克=5.64 drams 打兰 1 hectogram 百克=100 g. 克=3.527 ounces 盎司 1 kilogram 千克=1000 g. 克=2.205 pounds 磅 1 ton (metric ton) 吨,公吨=1000 kg. 千克 =0.984 (long) ton 长吨,英吨=1.1023 短吨,美吨 4. 练习口译销售常用句。 常用销售用语 1. We have heard from China Council for the Promotion of International Trade that you are in the market for Electric Appliances. 从中国国际贸易促进会获悉,你们有意采购电器用具。 2. Your name has been recommended to us by the Chinese Consul stationed in your city as large exporters of ... goods produced in....驻贵地的中国领事向我们介绍,你公司是…生产…(商品)的大出口商。 3. From ..., we have obtained your name and address and understand that you are experienced importers of .... We have pleasure in offering you ... of which we would appreciate your pushing the sale on your market.从…获悉你们行名及地址并了解你们是……有经验的进口商。现向你们开报…,盼能在贵地市场推销。 4. We learn from ... that your firm specializes in ..., and would like to establish business relationship with you. 从…获悉你公司专门经营…,现愿与你公司建立业务关系。 5. Through the courtesy of.... we have learned that you are one of the representative importers of ...承……的介绍,获悉你们是……有代表性的进口商之一。 6. Your name and address has been given to us by Messrs. J. Smith & Co., Inc., in New York, who have informed us that your firm has been recommended to us by the Chamber of Commerce in Tokyo, Japan. 据纽约司密斯公司所告,得悉你公司名称和地址,并得知你们…日本东京商会已把你行介绍给我们。 8. The.... Bank in your city has been kind enough to inform us that you are one of the leading importers (exporters) of ... and are interested in trading with China in these lines ... 承贵地…银行通知,你们是…的主要进口商(出口商),并有意与中国进行这些方面的贸易。 10. We are given to understand that you are potential buyers of Chinese ...,which comes within the frame of our business activities. 据了解,你们是中国…(商品)有潜力的买主,而该商品正属我们的业务经营范围。 11. Through your trade delegation that recently paid a visit to this country, we learned that you are well-established importers of ... and are writing to you in the hope of receiving your orders from time to time. 通过贵国最近来访的贸易代表团,我们了解到你们是信誉良好的…进口商,现发信给你们,盼能不断地接到你们的定单。 12. We are glad to send you this introductory letter, hoping that it will be the prelude to mutually beneficial relations between us. 我们欣然寄发这封自荐信,希望是互利关系的前奏。 13. We have the Pleasure to introduce ourselves to you with the hope that we may have an opportunity of cooperating with you in your business extension. 我们有幸自荐,盼望能有机会与你们合作,扩展业务。 14. We take the liberty of writing to you with a view to building up business relations with your firm. 我们冒昧通信,以期待与贵公司建立业务关系。 15. We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a state operated corporation dealing exclusively in Light Industrial Goods. 现向贵司自我介绍,我们是国营公司,专门经营轻工业品。 16. As you may be well aware, we are a state-operated corporation handling such items as .. in both import and export business. 也许你们已有所知,我们是国营公司,经营……(商品)的进出口业务。 17. As you are one of the leading importers in ..., we have pleasure in contacting you in the hope of establishing business relations and rendering you assistance in a wide range of your requirements. 鉴于你们是…的主要进口商之一,特此联系,盼能建立业务关系,以有助于你们满足各项需求。 18. We understand that you are interested in both the import and export of ... and it is on this subject that we wish to introduce ourselves in the hope of establishing mutually beneficial business relations between our two corporations. 了解到你们对…(商品)的进口和出口都感兴趣,故愿自荐,希望在我们两公司间建立互利的业务关系。 19. The high reputation, which you are enjoying as camera importers, has rendered us desirous of entering into business relations with you. Accordingly, we introduce ourselves to you by sending you our catalogs and price-lists. 你公司是信誉卓著的照相机进口商,我公司极愿与你公司建立业务关系。为此,我们现在寄去商品目录和价目单,用以向你公司毛遂自荐。 20. The commodities we are handling consist of the manufactures of the first-rate paper mills of this country, and so we are in a good position to serve your customers with the most reliable quality of the line you suggest. 我们经营的商品包括本国第一流造纸厂的产品,因此,我们有良好条件就你们提出的商品,向你们的顾客提供质量最可靠的商品。 21. Specializing in the export of Chinese Art & Craft Goods we express our desire to trade with you in this line. 我们专门经营中国美术工艺品出口,愿与你们进行交易。 22. Our lines are mainly textiles and handicrafts. 我们的主要业务是纺织品和手工艺品。 23. We have been in this line of business for many years. 我们经营 这项业务已有多年。 24. The purpose of this letter is to explore the possibilities of developing trade with you. 本信目的是探索与你们发展贸易的可能性。 25. We are willing to enter into business relations with your firm on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchanging what one has for what one needs. 我们愿在平等互利、互通有无的基础上与你公司建立业务关系。 26. We wish to establish friendly business relations with you to enjoy a share of mutually profitable business. 我们愿与你们建立友好业务关系,分享互利的交易。 27. We wish to enter into direct negotiation with you with a view to introducing your special lines in our market. 盼直接洽谈,以便将你公司特种经营商品引进我地市场。 28. We are interested in the possibility of establishing sources of supply of crude oil from the People’s Republic of China. 我们有意向中华人民共和国寻求原油供应来源的可能性. 29. We advise you to make use of our experience and special knowledge on trial. 建议试试利用一下我们的经验和专门知识。 30. We trust that our experience in foreign trade and intimate knowledge of international market conditions will entitle us to your confidence. 相信我公司的对外贸易经验以及对国际市场情况的熟悉,可能使我们有资格得到你们的信任。 第十五周《经贸口译》授课教案 授课教师: 陶丽霞 根据本课程教学纲要: 第十五周 访谈:通用电气在中国 (汉译英) (对话体口译(中译英):学生演示为主) 2.International Cooperation among Nations (篇章口译:讲授知识为主) 1. 模拟访谈,分组进行,要求角色扮演。 2.了解与我国有经贸合作往来的主要国家的概况、合作领域及进展情况。   主题 (Theme): 1. 《财富》对话:访美国通用电气公司总裁兼首席执行官杰克·韦尔奇 2. 国际间合作 International Cooperation among Nations 本课教学重点:1. 熟悉并演绎现场采访或专题访谈的形式与内容(包括如何提问与回答) 2. 了解与我国有经贸合作往来的主要国家的概况、合作领域与进展情况。 预期效果:1. 使学生对现场采访或专题访谈有一个感性认识,并通过模拟访谈,了解和掌握其中所涉及的知识与信息以及相关术语的对应运用。 2. 在教师的指导下,扩展相关知识,并充分认识其重要性和必要性。 检测手段:(1)学生现场演绎。 (2)以问答和出思考题的形式,检测学生的理解力和理解程度。 教学步骤: I.分组活动,模拟现场采访/访谈的形式和内容(课文),熟悉有关程序与相关知识。 II.分组表演,要求符合逻辑、符合情理, 符合国际惯例。“主谈”和口译的语言、态度、举止等都是考核项目。 III.阅读篇章(课文), 指导学生理解和掌握其中知识。 IV.选择性地口译几个段落。 V.提问或出思考题,引导学生回答或展开讨论。 部分课文内容和作业要求: 课文原文: 通用电气在中国 访美国通用电气公司总裁兼首席执行官杰克·韦尔奇 中央电视台 上海电视台 ′99财富全球论坛特别报道 财富专访 采访时间:8分12秒 韦尔奇:现在开始吧。我很久没有在中国做今天这种谈话了,你们可以向我提你们想到的任何问题。 记者: 你好,我是上海电视台的崔文。你被认为是目前世界上最杰出的商业领袖,我的第一个问题就从这里开始。我们常说有两类领导人,一类是天才,另一类是培训出来的职业经理人。你认为您属于哪一类? 韦尔奇:你给我设定的选择也是我常给别人做的选择题。我想我的回答是,经理人员里面有很多天才。我本人凭本能凭感觉去做事,去设计美好的未来。那些结局很美妙的事开头并非如此。 记者:通用电气的管理精髓到底是什么? 韦尔奇:无论我去哪个国家,人们都问我这个价值观的问题。他们问,你能把美国的价值观移植到本地吗?或是你能把复杂的价值体系带给当地公司吗?我确信,我们可以把两个最重要的价值观带给当地公司——一个是“让每个人发表意见”;另一个是“尊重人格”。全世界的人都认为要尊重人格。我们公司很幸运地注意到了这一点——我讲的太多了,是吧?——得对着麦克风讲,对不起。 通用电气管理精髓就是这两点。它理解每个员工的想法,尊重每个人。员工也用积极的工作去回报公司。今天早上康纳利——他在后排——是我们主管人力资源的高级副总裁,他和我以及我们中国公司的管理人员,与GE中国的年轻员工——那些加入公司两三个月的人,一起聊了3个小时。昨晚一起在和平饭店喝啤酒,度过了美好的时光。通过这些活动,我们公司里的人都相互了解了。 记者:江主席刚刚接见了你们。你认为中国是不是应该加入WTO?加入后对GE在中国的战略有什么影响? 韦尔奇:我认为美国和中国在WTO问题上,最终会形成共识。WTO没有中国是不完整的。这些政治家们要达成妥协殊非易事,但现实世界的惟一选择,是符合国际贸易的根本需求,是迎合国际贸易的根本需求,让中国加入WTO。 记者:你在财富论坛上发现了有价值的讲话了吗? 韦尔奇:会上有许多有意思的发言。新加坡资政李光耀对本地区形势发表了深刻的评论,和江主席不谋而合,遥相呼应。他们都是优秀的演讲天才。另外也有机会接触全球商界的同事们,例如东芝的西室泰三,我们一起讨论了如何抓住中国市场。 记者:在这次论坛上许多公司总裁,对在中国的投资都表示了很大的兴趣。通用电气在中国这方面有什么打算?你们是否要加快在中国的发展步伐? 韦尔奇:我们将不断继续地对中国投资,我们已经投了约15亿美元,有7000名员工。中国是一个很大的国家,我们在中国医疗器械、飞机发动机、塑料方面都很成功。同时也学到了中国人的一些灵感和制造产品的那种时髦,我们在中国的投资会继续平稳发展。 记者:你对电子商务未来发展怎么看?你们公司会采取什么样的应对措施? 韦尔奇:电子商务彻底改变了传统交易的方式,是一场革命性的变革,也改变了和顾客的关系,改变了人与人之间的关系。电子商务使一切都变得透明了,而且更迅捷、更快、更有效率、更开放,使人们的观念发生了彻底的变革。知识将来不再是力量,因为大家都有了知识,关键是有新的主意,有创意。 记者:你们公司在中国做生意,如果希望政府做一件事,那将会是什么? 韦尔奇:我觉得倒是我们自己应该做一些改进。在中国做生意,会给“耐心”这个词作一个全新的注解。我们美国人在和日本人做生意时,觉得他们很耐心。日本人和中国人相比,又显得像是速战速决的商人。在中国做生意的决策过程很长很慢,在我们对速度的要求和中国政府对民众的关注之间做平衡,很消耗时间。我们公司应该学会更耐心,政府方面也可以做得更快一点。 课文内容的具体处理: 1/. 要求学生在课前进行充分的准备,查阅资料,了解背景知识,熟悉相关术语。在模拟访谈过程中,进行“角色扮演”,营造身临其境的氛围。 2/. 将课文作为一个“模版”, 在复制或仿制其他情景的同时,透彻地了解所涉及到和还没有涉及到的商务惯例以及跨文化内涵。 课文原文(节选): International Cooperation among Nations 2). Regional Economic Integration One form of cooperation among countries is the process of economic integration. This involves agreements among countries to establish links through the movement of goods, services, capital, and labor across borders. The purpose of economic integration is to increase the trade that takes place among regional alliances. The countries in the integration are often trading partners. The formation of regional trading blocs can increase trade within the bloc, but it can also deter trade with other countries outside it. This means that regional trading groups can both increase and decrease trade. Levels of Economic Integration From least to more integrative, the levels of economic integration are from trade area, customs union, common market, economic union and political union. The Free-Trade Area The formation of a free-trade area requires each participating nation to remove tariffs, quotas, and other barriers affecting its trade with the other participating nations. However, it allows each participant to decide how it will conduct its trade with nonparticipating countries. 课文讲解、提问与思考题: 结合更新的信息,在讲解课文的同时,启发学生认识一些常见的经济现象与规律,了解最新的经贸动态,培养经济意识。 解释术语。 口译课文部分章节。 作业 (就节录的课文部分): Explain the terms in English and then give the Chinese version for each of them. a). economic integration b). regional trading bloc c). common market d). free-trade area Topics for discussion a). Why should the regional trading bloc be formed? What are the advantages and disadvantages respectively? b). What is the significance of China’s entry into the WTO? What are the major changes we can expect in the coming 5 years? Will the changes be favorable or unfavorable? Why and how? * Before the class is over, assign students homework to do and prepare.