Unit Eleven Teacher: Feng Xu, Ding Xiaohuan Attendants: Class 5/8 Grade 4 (02) Time: 05-11-15/16 Place: Language Laboratory 9-2 Subject: Interpretation (English to Chinese) Focus: WTO framework and related terminologies Topic: WTO与中国司法改革研讨会（一） Purpose: Help the students get familiar with the style of legal speeches and WTO framework, and grasp some frequently used terms Evaluation of the students’ work: a. Preparation before class b. Classroom performance Teaching Procedures: Introduction of class arrangement A brief summary of China’ history in joining the WTO and a background introduction on the WTO A brief summary of China’ history in joining the WTO b) A background introduction on the WTO Part 1 The multilateral trading system—past, present and future Part 2 The organization Part 3 The WTO agreements Part 4 Developing countries c. Glossary overlapping——重复 imports source country——进口来源国 export destination——出口目的地 SC（Statistics Canada）——加拿大统计局 accumulated investment——累积投资 FDI (foreign direct investment) ——外商直接投资 Bilaterals——名词，单独国家谈判，相当于individual countries negotiations lock in——专注于 IPR (intellectual property right) ——知识产权 come out ahead for——优先的 d. Interpreting practice 教师引导学生做英到汉交传练习 I apologize if there’s any repetition or overlapping my presentation today. I haven’t been here for all of the presentations this morning. I realize that you may be hearing some things for the second time. But I will do my best to give you the view from the Canadian embassy on the implications particularly the legal implications for China’s entry into the WTO. I think it might be best to start with a bit of background on the Canada China relationship. I think many of you know that certainly our trading relationship in the modern era began in the late fifties when Canada began to supply China with wheat shipments. This was in absence of diplomatic relations which was established in 1970. Since the Chinese government launched the program of economic reforms in 1978, trade between Canada and China has risen dramatically. And more than doubled in the 91-97 period. China is Canada ‘s fourth-largest trading partner, and export market. In 1999, bilateral trade was 11.5 million dollars. That was an increase of 13.8% over 1998. In 97, excuse me, between the years 1997 and 1998, Canadian export to China increased by 3.7%., and 5% between 98 and 99. Canadian imports from China increased 20.6% and 16.5% respectively over the same period. Canada ranked 17th among China’s imports source countries and 13th in terms of China’s export destinations. According to statistics Canada, our national statistical agency, Canadian accumulated investment in China amounted to 420 million dollars in 1999. That was a 63 percent increase between 1993 and 1998. Chinese investment in Canada reached 201 million dollars decreasing by 13 percent between 93 and 98. Chinese statistics are different from our own and indicated that China’s direct investment in Canada is about to million dollars. All of this is to say that China is one of Canada’s most important trading partners. However, markets do not exist in a vacuum. And our current international training system is rooted largely in the hopes of the World War II generation who wanted to build a more stable and more predictable and ultimately more peaceful world. What was the sentiment that inspired the GATT of which Canada was a founding member, is the same sentiment that drives the World Trade Organization. As governments have to remind our citizens the historic benefits that more open markets have given to the world over the past century. It is true that they contributed enormously to the prosperity an growth of both developed and developing countries. And in Canada these benefits have flowed to every part of society. We must present at this juncture for the future that explains how we can build stronger economies and create jobs through trade that will be leaving room for national communities to be what they want to be. Now trade is extremely important for Canada, just to give you some idea. Seven years ago about 30 percent of gross domestic product was trade related and today that figure is over 43 percent. Compare that to the USA. Which exports only 11 percent of their GDP. Proportionally that’s four times less than Canada. Compare that to Japan which exports only 15 percent of their GDP, proportionately it’s a little more than a third of what we do. Nearly one-third of all jobs in Canada depend on trade. I know there is still a myth that exists in China that the success of Canadian economy is dependent on the export of commodities and it’s certainly true that over the years our national resources have been a tremendous source of wealth for the Canadian people. But in fact they account for only about 32 percent of our exports. And thus represented an important and value source of export revenue to the Canadian economy, but certainly the new economy is what is creating jobs for Canadians and it is the new economy which is being addressed not only in Canada but in China and will be affected by the entry into the WTO. It’s important to recognize that what we do in commodities today is about half of what it was in 1980. If commodities account for less than one-third of Canada’s exports on a proportional basis that means more than two-thirds are not resource based. So it’s very clear that the Canadian economy has changed. And now on the eve of entering the WTO, China’s economy is also prime to change. As I am sure you’ve already been briefed on today, it was in 1986 the China announced its intention to rejoin the general agreement on tariffs and trade or the GATT, but was unable to meet its membership requirements in time to be included prior to the launch of the World Trade Organization in 1995. And since then you have been pursuing membership in the WTO. I like to again at the risk of being repetitive, go through some of the background on the WTO and some of these principles which I think provides the correct context for my remarks on the implications for China. As you know it’s a consensus-based organization, there are no institutional sanctions. It has some pillar principles. These are the free flow of goods and services, nondiscrimination, national treatment, transparency and unpredictability, dispute settlement process, safeguards and the process of continual liberalization. Now China’s entry into the WTO has been a two-track process. There have been individual country negotiations or bilaterals as we call them. Two important bilaterals which were finalized late last year was with the United States and shortly thereafter Canada, and recently more recently this year, with Europe. Then on anther track of multilateral discussions, these are the working party in Geneva, which is a process of drafting the membership treaty. And then there is the WTO membership vote, which we certainly hope and expect will happen before then end of this year 2000 and then the most difficult part we think and that will be the implementation process, which will take three to five years. What’s in it for China? Well obviously it is preventable access to foreign market, it lowers the risk of unilateral trade sanctions and locks in and accelerates market reforms, it strengthens intellectual property protection, and it reduce internal discord. Very important for China is the fact that it reassures investors. I know that many Canadian investors potential investors are waiting for a WTO deal until they make a decision on investing in this economy. Of course there were the political dimensions. China is a global player politically in the world. And it doesn’t make any sense that it is not a global player in the world economy. And that is the essence of a membership into the WTO. I’d like to go into some of the details are of our discussions, Canada’s discussions with China late last year. Obviously, there are a number of benefits for upon China’s accession to the WTO. There will be reduction of many tariffs, the full implementation, as the said over three to five year period, and there are a number of sectors which come out ahead for Canadians. e. Comments and feedbacks f. Comments and feedbacks 利用互联网查阅有关WTO的信息